Küreselleşme, Hidroelektrik Enerji, Ekonomik Büyüme, CO2 Emisyonları ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi İlişkisinin ABD İçin Analizi: Kesirli Fourier ADL Eşbütünleşme Yöntemi

Year 2024, Volume: 32 Issue: 59, 249 - 267, 31.01.2024

Ahmet Kamacı

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.01.11

Abstract

Küresel iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma gibi çevresel sorunlar gelecek kuşaklar için büyük bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu tehdidi oluşturan ülkelerin başında da ekolojik ayak izi ve karbon emisyonu oldukça yüksek olan ABD gelmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın amacı, ABD’de küreselleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve hidroelektrik enerjinin karbon emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkisini Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme ve Fourier Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testleri ile araştırmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, hidroelektrik kaynaklardan elektrik üretimi ile CO2 emisyonları arasında negatif ilişki ve kişi başı GSYİH ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında pozitif ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca KOF’dan CO2’ye doğru ve hidroelektrik kaynaklardan elektrik üretiminden ve kişi başı GSYİH’dan ekolojik ayak izine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Ekolojik Ayak İzi, CO2 Emisyonu, Küreselleşme, Hidroelektrik Enerji, Fourier ADL Eşbütünleşme Testi

The Analysis of Globalization, Hydroelectric Energy, Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions and Ecological Footprint Relationships for the USA: Fractional Fourier ADL Cointegration Method

Abstract

Environmental problems such as global climate change and global warming pose a great threat to future generations. The USA, which has a very high ecological footprint and carbon emissions, is at the forefront of the countries that pose this threat. In this direction, this study aims to investigate the effects of globalisation, economic growth and hydroelectric energy on carbon emission and ecological footprint in the USA with Fourier ADL cointegration and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. According to the findings, there is a negative relationship between electricity generation from hydroelectric sources and CO2 emissions and a positive relationship between per capita GDP and ecological footprint. In addition, unidirectional causality from KOF to CO2, hydroelectric-powered electricity generation, and per capita GDP to ecological footprint are also determined.

Keywords

Ecological Footprint, CO2 Emissions, Globalization, Hydroelectric Energy, Fourier ADL Cointegration Test

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