Case Report
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Infantile Chronic Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Brain Atrophy

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 68 - 70, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.965567

Abstract

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) may develop in infants as a result of some accompanying circumstances of brain atrophy. A six-month-old boy with mental and motor retardation and increased head circumference was admitted in our hospital. His head circumference was over 97 percentile. Hypotonic and hypoactive baby couldn’t hold his head and wasn’t interested in surrounding enviroment. He had a history of aspiration pneumonia with no history of head trauma. MRI showed acute elements over chronic subdural hemorrhage spread almost all over the supratentorial area with severe cerebral atrophy. The brain volume was 95.252 mm3 and it was around 1/6-1/8 of normal volume. It is thought that, chronic subdural hematoma was developed due to cerebral atrophy as a cascade started with chronic hypoxia and resulted as an increase in the head circumference and panhypopitruitism.
After 10 days of subdural drainage, subduroperitoneal shunt was placed’. At the end of second month, head circumference stopped increasing, the patient could hold his head and started to be partially interested in the surrounding objects, however the change in the brain volume was not significant.
Cognitive and motor functions progress very rapidly in the first two years of life. Early evacuation of CSH has a positive effect on prognosis and most commonly used method is subduraperitoneal shunt insertion.

References

  • Feghali J, Yang W, Huang J. Updates in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Outcome. World Neurosurg 2020;141:339–45.
  • Chen JA, Mathios D, Hidalgo J, Cohen AR. Treatment-refractory Escherichia coli subdural empyema caused by infection of a chronic subdural hematoma in an infant. Child’s Nerv Syst 2019;35:719–23.
  • Yang W, Huang J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology and Natural History. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2017;28:205–10.
  • Cecchini G. Chronic subdural hematoma pathophysiology: A unifying theory for a dynamic process. J Neurosurg Sci 2017;61:536-43.
  • Sahyouni R, Goshtasbi K, Mahmoodi A, Tran DK, Chen JW. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Historical and Clinical Perspective. World Neurosurg 2017;108:948–53.
  • Iliescu IA, Constantinescu AI. Clinical evolutional aspects of chronic subdural haematomas - literature review. J Med Life 2015;8:26–33.
  • Scoco A, Emily Bennett E, Recinos V. Cortical herniation through compressive subdural membrane in an infant with a history of a large bihemispheric subdural hematoma and subdural-peritoneal shunt: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016;19:168–73.
  • Zahid A Bin, Balser D, Thomas R, Mahan MY, Hubbard ME, Samadani U. Increase in brain atrophy after subdural hematoma to rates greater than associated with dementia. J Neurosurg JNS 2018;129:1579–87.
  • Shah NA, Wusthoff CJ. Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Neonate. Neonatal Netw 2016;35:67–71.
  • Breningstall GN, Patterson RJ. Intrauterine subdural hematoma. Pediatr Radiol 2000;30:630–1.
  • Pfefferbaum A, Mathalon DH, Sullivan E V, Rawles JM, Zipursky RB, Lim KO. A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Changes in Brain Morphology From Infancy to Late Adulthood. Arch Neurol 1994;51:874–87.
  • Knickmeyer RC, Gouttard S, Kang C, Evans D, Wilber K, Smith JK, et al. A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years. J Neurosci 2008;28:12176–82.
  • Richardson F. A young mind in a growing brain. Jerome Kagan, & Elinore Chapman Herschkowitz. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 2005. pp. 336, Price: $29.95; £21.50. ISBN 080585309X. Infant Child Dev 2006;15:555–7.
  • Rauhala M, Helén P, Seppä K, Huhtala H, Iverson GL, Niskakangas T, et al. Long-term excess mortality after chronic subdural hematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020;162:1467–78.
  • Tinois J, Bretonnier M, Proisy M, Morandi X, Riffaud L. Ruptured intracranial arachnoid cysts in the subdural space: evaluation of subduro-peritoneal shunts in a pediatric population. Child’s Nerv Syst 2020;36:2073–8.

Beyin Atrofisine Sekonder İnfantil Kronik Subdural Hematom

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 68 - 70, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.965567

Abstract

İnfantlarda kronik subdural hematom beyin atrofisi ile ilişkili bazı durumlara bağlı olarak gelişebilir. Altı aylık bebek hasta mental ve motor retardasyon ve baş çevresinde artış bulguları ile kliniğimize sevk edildi. Baş çevresi 52 cm (97 persentil üstü) olarak ölçüldü, fontanelinin açık, gergin olduğu ve pulse etmediği görüldü. Nörolojik muayenesinde çevre ile ilgisiz olduğu, başını serbest kaldıramadığı görüldü. Öyküsünden 2 aylıkken aspirasyon pnömonisi geçirdiği ve kafa travması öyküsü olmadığı öğrenildi. Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemede kronik üstü akut kısımlar içeren subdural kanamanın tüm supratentorial alana yayıldığı, beyinin supratentorial kısmının çok ciddi şekilde global atrofiye uğradığı görüldü. Hesaplamada hastanın beyin hacmi 95.252 mm3 olarak ölçülmüş ve normal hacim yaklaşık 1/6-1/8 oranında azalmıştır. Hastanın öyküsünden, bir kaskat halinde; pnomoniye bağlı kronik hipoksi ile başlayan sürecin, buna bağlı beyin atrofisi gelişimi ve sonrasında subdural hematom, panhipopitruitizm ve baş çevresinde artış ile sonuçlandığı düşünülmüştür.
Hastaya subdural drenaj takılmış, drenajının 10. gününde reopere edilerek subduroperitoneal şant yerleştirilmiştir. Ameliyattan sonraki ikinci ayda baş çevresi artışı durmuş, hastanın başını tutabildiği ve çevresiyle kısmi ilgili olmaya başladığı görülmüştür. Ancak beyin hacminde önemli değişiklik olmamıştır.
Kognitiv ve motor işlevler hayatın ilk iki yılında hızla gelişir. Bu nedenle hematomun erken boşaltılmasının prognoza olumlu etkisi vardır ve bu amaçla en sık kullanılan yöntem subduraperitoneal şant yerleştirilmesidir.

References

  • Feghali J, Yang W, Huang J. Updates in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Outcome. World Neurosurg 2020;141:339–45.
  • Chen JA, Mathios D, Hidalgo J, Cohen AR. Treatment-refractory Escherichia coli subdural empyema caused by infection of a chronic subdural hematoma in an infant. Child’s Nerv Syst 2019;35:719–23.
  • Yang W, Huang J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology and Natural History. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2017;28:205–10.
  • Cecchini G. Chronic subdural hematoma pathophysiology: A unifying theory for a dynamic process. J Neurosurg Sci 2017;61:536-43.
  • Sahyouni R, Goshtasbi K, Mahmoodi A, Tran DK, Chen JW. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Historical and Clinical Perspective. World Neurosurg 2017;108:948–53.
  • Iliescu IA, Constantinescu AI. Clinical evolutional aspects of chronic subdural haematomas - literature review. J Med Life 2015;8:26–33.
  • Scoco A, Emily Bennett E, Recinos V. Cortical herniation through compressive subdural membrane in an infant with a history of a large bihemispheric subdural hematoma and subdural-peritoneal shunt: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016;19:168–73.
  • Zahid A Bin, Balser D, Thomas R, Mahan MY, Hubbard ME, Samadani U. Increase in brain atrophy after subdural hematoma to rates greater than associated with dementia. J Neurosurg JNS 2018;129:1579–87.
  • Shah NA, Wusthoff CJ. Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Neonate. Neonatal Netw 2016;35:67–71.
  • Breningstall GN, Patterson RJ. Intrauterine subdural hematoma. Pediatr Radiol 2000;30:630–1.
  • Pfefferbaum A, Mathalon DH, Sullivan E V, Rawles JM, Zipursky RB, Lim KO. A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Changes in Brain Morphology From Infancy to Late Adulthood. Arch Neurol 1994;51:874–87.
  • Knickmeyer RC, Gouttard S, Kang C, Evans D, Wilber K, Smith JK, et al. A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years. J Neurosci 2008;28:12176–82.
  • Richardson F. A young mind in a growing brain. Jerome Kagan, & Elinore Chapman Herschkowitz. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 2005. pp. 336, Price: $29.95; £21.50. ISBN 080585309X. Infant Child Dev 2006;15:555–7.
  • Rauhala M, Helén P, Seppä K, Huhtala H, Iverson GL, Niskakangas T, et al. Long-term excess mortality after chronic subdural hematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020;162:1467–78.
  • Tinois J, Bretonnier M, Proisy M, Morandi X, Riffaud L. Ruptured intracranial arachnoid cysts in the subdural space: evaluation of subduro-peritoneal shunts in a pediatric population. Child’s Nerv Syst 2020;36:2073–8.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Surgery
Journal Section CASE REPORTS
Authors

Toghrul Javadov 0000-0002-8202-3008

Beyza Nur Kuzan 0000-0002-5001-3649

Mustafa Sakar 0000-0002-8344-4074

Adnan Dağçınar 0000-0001-9532-7820

Publication Date January 30, 2023
Submission Date July 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Javadov T, Kuzan BN, Sakar M, Dağçınar A. Infantile Chronic Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Brain Atrophy. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2023;17(1):68-70.


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