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Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 9813 - 9832, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.413807

Abstract

Road freight accounts for the 89% of the inland freight transportation
in Turkey. This study examined the factors affecting capacity utilization in
Turkey with a specific focus on load factors and empty running. These two
decisions, the load factor and the choice of running empty, are modelled
jointly in a Heckman model. The model results showed that rigid and articulated
trucks represent relatively different transport markets. Their age and the
distance profile of the shipments affect the load factor and the probability of
running empty. These effects are further examined for different commodity types
and by testing different econometric specifications.

References

  • [1] T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı, İstatistiklerle Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme: 2003-2016, Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, 2016.
  • [2] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Intertnational Transport Forum, ITF Transport Outlook, OECD Publishing, 2017.
  • [3] Eurostat, Freight transport statistics, 2017. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics Last Access: April 1, 2018.
  • [4] European Comission, White Paper on Transport: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource-efficient Transport System. Publications Office of the European Union, 2011.
  • [5] Abate, M., Kveiborg, O., Capacity Utilisation of Vehicles for Road Freight Transport, in: Ben-Akiva, M.E., Meersman, H., Voorde, E. van de (Eds.), Freight Transport Modelling. Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK, 287–304, 2013.
  • [6] Ozen, M., Tuydes-Yaman, H. Evaluation of emission cost of inefficiency in road freight transportation in Turkey. Energy Policy, 62, 625–636, 2013.
  • [7] Piecyk, M. I., Analysis of Long-Term Freight Transport, Logistics and Related CO2 Trends on a Business-as-Usual Basis. Ph.D. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010.
  • [8] McKinnon, A. C., Benchmarking Road Freight Transport. Review of a Government-Sponsored Programme. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16 (5), 640 – 656, 2009.
  • [9] Beilock, R., Kilmer, R. L.. The Determinants of Full-Empty Truck Movements. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(1), 67–76, 1986.
  • [10] Abate, M., Determinants of Capacity Utilisation in Road Freight Transportation. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 48(1), 137–152, 2014.
  • [11] Abate, M., de Jong, G., The Optimal Shipment Size and Truck Size Choice – The Allocation of Trucks Across Hauls. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 59, 262–277, 2014.
  • [12] Heckman, J. J., Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161, 1979.
  • [13] Ozen, M., Estimation of Road Freight Transportation Emissions in Turkey. Ph.D Thesis. Middle East Technical University, 2013.
  • [14] Turkish General Directorate of Highways, Karayollarında Ağır Taşıt Trafiğinin ve Yük Taşımacılığının Özellikleri ve Eğilimleri: 2007-2008-2009 Yılı Etüt Sonuçları. Turkish General Directorate of Highways, 2011.
  • [15] Turkish General Directorate of Highways, Karayollarında Ağır Taşıt Trafiğinin ve Yük Taşımacılığının Özellikleri ve Eğilimleri: 2010-2011-2012-2013-2014 Yılı Etüt Sonuçları. Turkish General Directorate of Highways, 2011.
  • [16] Unal, L., Modeling of Freight Transportation on Turkish Highways. Ph.D Thesis. Middle East Technical University, 2009.
  • [17] Wooldridge, J. M., Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2010.
  • [18] Portugal-Perez, A., Wilson, J. S., Export Performance and Trade Facilitation Reform: Hard and Soft Infrastructure. World Development, 40(7), 1295-1307, 2012.
  • [19] de Jong, G., Tanner, R., Rich, J., Thorhauge, M., Nielsen, O. A., Bates, J., Modelling Production-Consumption Flows of Goods in Europe: The Trade Model Within Transtools3. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 2(1), 5, 2017.
  • [20] Tsotsotso, K., Montshiwa, E., Tirivanhu, P., Fish, T., Sibiya, S., Mlangeni, T., Moloi, M., Mahlangu, N., Determinants of Skills Demand in A State-Intervening Labour Market: The Case Oof South African Transport Sector. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 7(4), 408-422, 2017.
  • [21] Arabmazar, A., Schmidt, P., An Investigation of the Robustness of the Tobit Estimator to Non-Normality. Econometrica, 50(4), 1055–1063, 1982.
  • [22] Maddala, G. S., Nelson, F. D., Specification Errors in Limited Dependent Variable Models. NBER Working Paper No: 0096. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1975.
  • [23] Nelson, F. D., The Effect of and a Test for Misspecification in the Censored-Normal Model. Working Paper No: 291. California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1979.
  • [24] Hurd, M., Estimation in Truncated Samples when There is Heteroscedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 11(2–3), 247–258, 1979.
  • [25] Sakia, R. M., The Box-Cox Transformation Technique: A Review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 41(2), 169–178, 1992.
  • [26] Box, G. E. P., Cox, D. R., An Analysis of Transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 26(2), 211–252, 1964.
  • [27] Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Special Report 276: A Concept for a National Freight Data Program. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2003.
  • [28] Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Transportation Research Circular: Commodity Flow Survey Conference. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2006.
  • [29] US Census, Commodity Flow Survey, 2015. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cfs/data/datasets.html Last Access: September 20, 2018.
  • [30] Forkenbrock, D. J., External Costs of Intercity Truck Freight Transportation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33, 505–526, 1999.
  • [31] Forkenbrock, D. J., Comparison of External Costs of Rail and Truck Freight Transportation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35, 321–337, 2001.
  • [32] Crainic, T. G., Gendreau, M., Potvin, J. Y., Intelligent Freight-Transportation Systems: Assessment and the Contribution of Operations Research. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 17(6), 541–557, 1999.

Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 9813 - 9832, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.413807

Abstract

Road freight accounts for the 89% of the inland freight transportation in Turkey. This study examined the factors affecting capacity utilization in Turkey with a specific focus on load factors and empty running. These two decisions, the load factor and the choice of running empty, are modelled jointly in a Heckman model. The model results showed that rigid and articulated trucks represent relatively different transport markets. Their age and the distance profile of the shipments affect the load factor and the probability of running empty. These effects are further examined for different commodity types and by testing different econometric specifications.

References

  • [1] T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı, İstatistiklerle Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme: 2003-2016, Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, 2016.
  • [2] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Intertnational Transport Forum, ITF Transport Outlook, OECD Publishing, 2017.
  • [3] Eurostat, Freight transport statistics, 2017. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics Last Access: April 1, 2018.
  • [4] European Comission, White Paper on Transport: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area: Towards a Competitive and Resource-efficient Transport System. Publications Office of the European Union, 2011.
  • [5] Abate, M., Kveiborg, O., Capacity Utilisation of Vehicles for Road Freight Transport, in: Ben-Akiva, M.E., Meersman, H., Voorde, E. van de (Eds.), Freight Transport Modelling. Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK, 287–304, 2013.
  • [6] Ozen, M., Tuydes-Yaman, H. Evaluation of emission cost of inefficiency in road freight transportation in Turkey. Energy Policy, 62, 625–636, 2013.
  • [7] Piecyk, M. I., Analysis of Long-Term Freight Transport, Logistics and Related CO2 Trends on a Business-as-Usual Basis. Ph.D. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010.
  • [8] McKinnon, A. C., Benchmarking Road Freight Transport. Review of a Government-Sponsored Programme. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16 (5), 640 – 656, 2009.
  • [9] Beilock, R., Kilmer, R. L.. The Determinants of Full-Empty Truck Movements. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(1), 67–76, 1986.
  • [10] Abate, M., Determinants of Capacity Utilisation in Road Freight Transportation. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 48(1), 137–152, 2014.
  • [11] Abate, M., de Jong, G., The Optimal Shipment Size and Truck Size Choice – The Allocation of Trucks Across Hauls. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 59, 262–277, 2014.
  • [12] Heckman, J. J., Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161, 1979.
  • [13] Ozen, M., Estimation of Road Freight Transportation Emissions in Turkey. Ph.D Thesis. Middle East Technical University, 2013.
  • [14] Turkish General Directorate of Highways, Karayollarında Ağır Taşıt Trafiğinin ve Yük Taşımacılığının Özellikleri ve Eğilimleri: 2007-2008-2009 Yılı Etüt Sonuçları. Turkish General Directorate of Highways, 2011.
  • [15] Turkish General Directorate of Highways, Karayollarında Ağır Taşıt Trafiğinin ve Yük Taşımacılığının Özellikleri ve Eğilimleri: 2010-2011-2012-2013-2014 Yılı Etüt Sonuçları. Turkish General Directorate of Highways, 2011.
  • [16] Unal, L., Modeling of Freight Transportation on Turkish Highways. Ph.D Thesis. Middle East Technical University, 2009.
  • [17] Wooldridge, J. M., Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2010.
  • [18] Portugal-Perez, A., Wilson, J. S., Export Performance and Trade Facilitation Reform: Hard and Soft Infrastructure. World Development, 40(7), 1295-1307, 2012.
  • [19] de Jong, G., Tanner, R., Rich, J., Thorhauge, M., Nielsen, O. A., Bates, J., Modelling Production-Consumption Flows of Goods in Europe: The Trade Model Within Transtools3. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 2(1), 5, 2017.
  • [20] Tsotsotso, K., Montshiwa, E., Tirivanhu, P., Fish, T., Sibiya, S., Mlangeni, T., Moloi, M., Mahlangu, N., Determinants of Skills Demand in A State-Intervening Labour Market: The Case Oof South African Transport Sector. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 7(4), 408-422, 2017.
  • [21] Arabmazar, A., Schmidt, P., An Investigation of the Robustness of the Tobit Estimator to Non-Normality. Econometrica, 50(4), 1055–1063, 1982.
  • [22] Maddala, G. S., Nelson, F. D., Specification Errors in Limited Dependent Variable Models. NBER Working Paper No: 0096. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1975.
  • [23] Nelson, F. D., The Effect of and a Test for Misspecification in the Censored-Normal Model. Working Paper No: 291. California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1979.
  • [24] Hurd, M., Estimation in Truncated Samples when There is Heteroscedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 11(2–3), 247–258, 1979.
  • [25] Sakia, R. M., The Box-Cox Transformation Technique: A Review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 41(2), 169–178, 1992.
  • [26] Box, G. E. P., Cox, D. R., An Analysis of Transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 26(2), 211–252, 1964.
  • [27] Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Special Report 276: A Concept for a National Freight Data Program. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2003.
  • [28] Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Transportation Research Circular: Commodity Flow Survey Conference. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2006.
  • [29] US Census, Commodity Flow Survey, 2015. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cfs/data/datasets.html Last Access: September 20, 2018.
  • [30] Forkenbrock, D. J., External Costs of Intercity Truck Freight Transportation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33, 505–526, 1999.
  • [31] Forkenbrock, D. J., Comparison of External Costs of Rail and Truck Freight Transportation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35, 321–337, 2001.
  • [32] Crainic, T. G., Gendreau, M., Potvin, J. Y., Intelligent Freight-Transportation Systems: Assessment and the Contribution of Operations Research. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 17(6), 541–557, 1999.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Özen 0000-0002-1745-7483

Muhammad Fayyaz This is me 0000-0003-1075-5688

Hediye Tüydeş Yaman 0000-0003-2053-992X

Publication Date March 1, 2020
Submission Date April 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özen, M., Fayyaz, M., & Tüydeş Yaman, H. (2020). Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey. Teknik Dergi, 31(2), 9813-9832. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.413807
AMA Özen M, Fayyaz M, Tüydeş Yaman H. Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey. Teknik Dergi. March 2020;31(2):9813-9832. doi:10.18400/tekderg.413807
Chicago Özen, Murat, Muhammad Fayyaz, and Hediye Tüydeş Yaman. “Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey”. Teknik Dergi 31, no. 2 (March 2020): 9813-32. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.413807.
EndNote Özen M, Fayyaz M, Tüydeş Yaman H (March 1, 2020) Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey. Teknik Dergi 31 2 9813–9832.
IEEE M. Özen, M. Fayyaz, and H. Tüydeş Yaman, “Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 9813–9832, 2020, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.413807.
ISNAD Özen, Murat et al. “Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey”. Teknik Dergi 31/2 (March 2020), 9813-9832. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.413807.
JAMA Özen M, Fayyaz M, Tüydeş Yaman H. Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey. Teknik Dergi. 2020;31:9813–9832.
MLA Özen, Murat et al. “Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 31, no. 2, 2020, pp. 9813-32, doi:10.18400/tekderg.413807.
Vancouver Özen M, Fayyaz M, Tüydeş Yaman H. Factors Affecting the Capacity Utilization of Road Freight Transport in Turkey. Teknik Dergi. 2020;31(2):9813-32.