Determination of the Optimum Test Conditions for Measurement of Glucose Level in Liquids

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 45 - 53, 28.03.2024

Ömer Faruk Göktaş İlyas Çankaya Esra Şengün Ermeydan

https://doi.org/10.55525/tjst.1368544

Abstract

Diabetes is a disease that affects more than 400 million people worldwide and currently lacks a cure. Monitoring blood sugar levels is crucial in minimizing the effects of this disease and protecting against its complications. Invasive and minimally invasive methods are commonly used traditional approaches for detecting and monitoring blood sugar levels. However, these methods bring along psychological and infectious risks. Currently, efforts are being made to develop a non-invasive method for determining blood sugar levels. Microwaves offer the possibility of non-invasive glucose measurement as they do not cause any harmful effects on human tissue. Furthermore, the complex permeability of blood is sensitive to glucose concentration in the microwave band. In literature, most of the studies are done with vector network analyzers (VNA) to detect blood sugar level noninvasively. In this study, an expensive and bulky VNA is replaced by an affordable microwave source and RMS power detector. The influence of the type and diameter of the test tube material used for non-invasive determination of sugar levels is examined with this setup. Additionally, the effect of the distance between the Vivaldi antennas used during measurements and the test tube is investigated. The results indicate that measurements performed using plastic test tubes yield better results compared to glass test tubes. Moreover, reducing the diameter of the test tube leads to improved outcomes. It has been observed that accurate results cannot be obtained if the antennas and the test tube are too close (<0.5 cm) or too far (>4.5cm) from each other.

Keywords

Microwaves, Non-invasive glucose detection, Glucose detection, Diabetes, Vivaldi antenna

Sıvılarda Glikoz Seviyesinin Ölçülmesi İçin Optimum Test Koşullarının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Diyabet, dünya çapında 400 milyondan fazla insanı etkileyen ve şu anda tedavisi bulunmayan bir hastalıktır. Kan şekerinin takibi bu hastalığın etkilerini en aza indirmek ve komplikasyonlarından korunmak açısından çok önemlidir. İnvaziv ve minimal invaziv yöntemler, kan şekeri seviyelerinin tespiti ve izlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan geleneksel yaklaşımlardır. Ancak bu yöntemler psikolojik ve bulaşıcı riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Şu anda kan şekeri seviyelerini invazif olmayan bir yöntem geliştirerek belirlemek için çaba sarf edilmektedir. Mikrodalgalar insan dokusu üzerinde herhangi bir zararlı etkiye neden olmadığından, invaziv olmayan glikoz ölçümü olanağı sunmaktadır. Ayrıca kanın kompleks geçirgenliği mikrodalga bandındaki glikoz konsantrasyonuna duyarlıdır. Literatürde kan şekeri düzeyinin invazif olmayan bir şekilde tespit edilmesine yönelik çalışmaların çoğu vektör ağ analizörleri (VNA) ile yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada pahalı ve hantal bir VNA'nın yerini uygun fiyatlı bir mikrodalga kaynağı ve RMS güç dedektörü almıştır. Bu kurulumla şeker seviyelerinin invaziv olmayan tespiti için kullanılan test tüpü malzemesinin türü ve çapının etkisi incelenir. Ayrıca ölçümler sırasında kullanılan Vivaldi antenleri ile test tüpü arasındaki mesafenin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, plastik test tüpleri kullanılarak yapılan ölçümlerin cam test tüplerine göre daha iyi sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca test tüpünün çapının azaltılması daha iyi sonuçlara yol açar. Antenlerin ve test tüpünün birbirine çok yakın (<0,5 cm) veya çok uzak (>4,5 cm) olması durumunda doğru sonuçların alınamayacağı görülmüştür.

Keywords

Mikrodalga, İnvazif olmayan glikoz tespiti, Glikoz tespiti, Diyabet, Vivaldi anten

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