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EFFECT OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT FILLERS IN EPOXY BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS ON MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 63 - 76, 30.04.2024

Abstract

In this research, the effect of various fillers on mechanical and physical properties of epoxy composites were investigated. For the synthesis of the composites; coffee bean flour, bamboo wood flour and red pine flour are used as filler while L/300-H/300 lamination resin is used as matrix. The composites are synthesized using 0%, 10% and 20% percentages of filler and acquired seven different groups of composites. Tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, water absorption and density values of the produced materials were tested. The highest water absorption was observed in the groups containing coffee beans. The highest tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were observed by using bamboo wood flour. The sample group containing pure epoxy showed the highest impact resistance and elongation at break values. In general, the lowest mechanical properties were observed in the samples containing coffee beans. It was observed that the amount of air bubbles in the composite samples increased with 20% red pine wood flour. It was found that the air bubbles formed in the material had a negative effect on the physical and mechanical properties except the modulus of elasticity in bending.

References

  • Abusaymeh, B. (2013). Low density polyethylene matrix composite with coffee and coffee ground (Bachelor Thesis). Al-Quds University. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237067404_Low_Density_Polyethylene_Matrix_Composite_with_Coffee_and_Coffee_Ground
  • Amena, B. T., Altenbach, H., Tibba, G. S., & Hossain, N. (2022). Investigation of mechanical properties of coffee Husk-HDPE-ABS polymer composite using injection-molding method. Journal of Composites Science, 6(12), 354.
  • Banga, H., Singh, V. K., & Choudhary, S. K. (2015). Fabrication and study of mechanical properties of bamboo fibre reinforced bio-composites. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 6(1), 84–98.
  • Bhaskar, J., & Singh, V. K. (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of coconut shell particle reinforced-epoxy composite. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 227–232.
  • Bledzki, A. K., & Gassan, J. (1999). Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in Polymer Science, 24(2), 221–274.
  • Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, S. K., & Mirbagheri, Y. (2008). Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(2), 310–319.
  • Faruk, O., Bledzki, A. K., Fink, H.-P., & Sain, M. (2012). Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(11), 1552–1596.
  • Hussain, M. K., Abbas, S. H., Younis, Y. M., Rahman, M. A., & Jamil, T. (2021). Fabrication of epoxy composite material reinforced with bamboo fibers. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 19(1), 119–124.
  • Ikpi, O. M., Ateb, U. P., Adi, C. C., & Pius, E. U. (2021). Mechanical modelling of bamboo sawdust/polyester composites fabricated by hot pressing method. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 11(2), 116–124.
  • Jawaid, M., & Abdul Khalil, H. P. S. (2011). Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(1), 1–18.
  • Jin, F.-L., Li, X., & Park, S.-J. (2015). Synthesis and application of epoxy resins: A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29(1), 1–11.
  • Kumar, P. N., & Mercy, L. (2015). Experimental investigation and analysis of the mechanical properties of wood reinforced polymer composites. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research.
  • Kumar, R., Kumar, K., Sahoo, P., & Bhowmik, S. (2014). Study of mechanical properties of wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. Procedia Materials Science, 6, 551–556.
  • Masssijaya, S. Y., Lubis, M. A. R., Nissa, R. C., Nurhamiyah, Y., Nugroho, P., Antov, P., … Karlinasari, L. (2023). Utilization of spent coffee grounds as a sustainable resource for the synthesis of bioplastic composites with polylactic acid, starch, and sucrose. Journal of Composites Science, 7(12), 512.
  • Mishra, V., & Biswas, S. (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of bi-directional jute fiber epoxy composites. Procedia Engineering, 51, 561–566.
  • Mishra, V., & Srivastava, A. (2014). Epoxy/wood apple shell particulate composite with improved mechanical properties. Anshuman Srivastava Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,4 (8),142-145.
  • Pandey, J. K., Ahn, S. H., Lee, C. S., Mohanty, A. K., & Misra, M. (2010). Recent advances in the application of natural fiber based composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295(11), 975–989.
  • Rao, F., Ji, Y., Li, N., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Yu, W. (2020). Outdoor bamboo-fiber-reinforced composite: Influence of resin content on water resistance and mechanical properties. Construction and Building Materials, 261, 120022.
  • Riedel, U., & Nickel, J. (2002). Applications of natural fiber composites for constructive parts in aerospace, automobiles, and other areas. Biopolymers Online, 1–28.
  • Saba, N., Jawaid, M., Alothman, O. Y., Paridah, M., & Hassan, A. (2015). Recent advances in epoxy resin, natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites and their applications. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 35(6), 447–470.
  • Sathishkumar, T., Naveen, J., Navaneethakrishnan, P., Satheeshkumar, S., & Rajini, N. (2016). Characterization of sisal/cotton fibre woven mat reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 47(4), 429–452.
  • Saxena, M., Pappu, A., Sharma, A., Haque, R., & Wankhede, S. (2011). Composite materials from natural resources: recent trends and future potentials. Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials. 6, 121-162.
  • Singh, A., Singh, S., & Kumar, A. (2013). Study of mechanical properties and absorption behaviour of coconut shell powder-epoxy composites. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 2(5), 157.
  • Sreekumar, P. A., & Thomas, S. (2008). Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites. Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites, 67–126. Woodhead Publishing.
  • Tajuddin, M., Ahmad, Z., & Ismail, H. (2016). A review of natural fibers and processing operations for the production of binderless boards. BioResources, 11(2), 5600–5617.
  • United States Department of Agriculture. (2018). Coffee: world markets and trade. https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/m900nt40f/41687n67f/nk322j622/coffee.pdf
  • Williams, G. I., Dweib, M. A., & Wool, R. P. (2000). Composites from natural fibers and soy oil resins. Applied Composite Materials, 7(5/6), 421–432.
  • Yu, W., Yuan, T., Yao, Y., Deng, Y., & Wang, X. (2023). Pla/coffee grounds composite for 3d printing and its properties. Forests, 14(2), 367–367.

EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 63 - 76, 30.04.2024

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; farklı dolgu maddelerinin ve oranlarının epoksi kompozitlerinin mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Döküm yöntemi ile üretilen epoksi kompozitlerine dolgu maddesi olarak kahve çekirdeği unu, bambu odun unu ve kızılçam unu, matris olarak da epoksi L/300-H/300 laminasyon reçinesi kullanılmıştır. Kompozit üretiminde %0, %10, %20 oranlarında dolgu maddeleri kullanılarak toplamda 7 farklı örnek grubu elde edilmiştir. Üretilen malzemelerin; çekme direnci, çekmede elastikiyet modülü, kopmada uzama, eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, darbe direnci, su alma miktarı ve yoğunluk değerleri ölçülmüştür. En yüksek su alma miktarı kahve çekirdeği içeren gruplarda görülmüştür. Bambu odun unu kullanımı ile en yüksek çekme direnci, çekmede elastikiyet modülü, eğilme direnci ve eğilmede elastikiyet modülü görülmüştür. Saf epoksi içeren örnek grubu en yüksek darbe direnci ve kopmada uzama değerlerini göstermiştir Bu örnek grubu en düşük su alma oranına sahiptir. Genel olarak en düşük mekanik özellikler kahve çekirdeği içeren örneklerde görülmüştür. %20 kızılçam odun unu kullanımı ile kompozit örneklerindeki hava kabarcığı miktarının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Malzemede oluşan hava kabarcıklarının eğilmede elastikiyet modülü haricinde fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler üzerine olumsuz yönde etki ettiği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Abusaymeh, B. (2013). Low density polyethylene matrix composite with coffee and coffee ground (Bachelor Thesis). Al-Quds University. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237067404_Low_Density_Polyethylene_Matrix_Composite_with_Coffee_and_Coffee_Ground
  • Amena, B. T., Altenbach, H., Tibba, G. S., & Hossain, N. (2022). Investigation of mechanical properties of coffee Husk-HDPE-ABS polymer composite using injection-molding method. Journal of Composites Science, 6(12), 354.
  • Banga, H., Singh, V. K., & Choudhary, S. K. (2015). Fabrication and study of mechanical properties of bamboo fibre reinforced bio-composites. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 6(1), 84–98.
  • Bhaskar, J., & Singh, V. K. (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of coconut shell particle reinforced-epoxy composite. J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 227–232.
  • Bledzki, A. K., & Gassan, J. (1999). Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in Polymer Science, 24(2), 221–274.
  • Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, S. K., & Mirbagheri, Y. (2008). Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(2), 310–319.
  • Faruk, O., Bledzki, A. K., Fink, H.-P., & Sain, M. (2012). Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(11), 1552–1596.
  • Hussain, M. K., Abbas, S. H., Younis, Y. M., Rahman, M. A., & Jamil, T. (2021). Fabrication of epoxy composite material reinforced with bamboo fibers. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 19(1), 119–124.
  • Ikpi, O. M., Ateb, U. P., Adi, C. C., & Pius, E. U. (2021). Mechanical modelling of bamboo sawdust/polyester composites fabricated by hot pressing method. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 11(2), 116–124.
  • Jawaid, M., & Abdul Khalil, H. P. S. (2011). Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(1), 1–18.
  • Jin, F.-L., Li, X., & Park, S.-J. (2015). Synthesis and application of epoxy resins: A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29(1), 1–11.
  • Kumar, P. N., & Mercy, L. (2015). Experimental investigation and analysis of the mechanical properties of wood reinforced polymer composites. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research.
  • Kumar, R., Kumar, K., Sahoo, P., & Bhowmik, S. (2014). Study of mechanical properties of wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. Procedia Materials Science, 6, 551–556.
  • Masssijaya, S. Y., Lubis, M. A. R., Nissa, R. C., Nurhamiyah, Y., Nugroho, P., Antov, P., … Karlinasari, L. (2023). Utilization of spent coffee grounds as a sustainable resource for the synthesis of bioplastic composites with polylactic acid, starch, and sucrose. Journal of Composites Science, 7(12), 512.
  • Mishra, V., & Biswas, S. (2013). Physical and mechanical properties of bi-directional jute fiber epoxy composites. Procedia Engineering, 51, 561–566.
  • Mishra, V., & Srivastava, A. (2014). Epoxy/wood apple shell particulate composite with improved mechanical properties. Anshuman Srivastava Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,4 (8),142-145.
  • Pandey, J. K., Ahn, S. H., Lee, C. S., Mohanty, A. K., & Misra, M. (2010). Recent advances in the application of natural fiber based composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295(11), 975–989.
  • Rao, F., Ji, Y., Li, N., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Yu, W. (2020). Outdoor bamboo-fiber-reinforced composite: Influence of resin content on water resistance and mechanical properties. Construction and Building Materials, 261, 120022.
  • Riedel, U., & Nickel, J. (2002). Applications of natural fiber composites for constructive parts in aerospace, automobiles, and other areas. Biopolymers Online, 1–28.
  • Saba, N., Jawaid, M., Alothman, O. Y., Paridah, M., & Hassan, A. (2015). Recent advances in epoxy resin, natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites and their applications. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 35(6), 447–470.
  • Sathishkumar, T., Naveen, J., Navaneethakrishnan, P., Satheeshkumar, S., & Rajini, N. (2016). Characterization of sisal/cotton fibre woven mat reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 47(4), 429–452.
  • Saxena, M., Pappu, A., Sharma, A., Haque, R., & Wankhede, S. (2011). Composite materials from natural resources: recent trends and future potentials. Advances in Composite Materials - Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Materials. 6, 121-162.
  • Singh, A., Singh, S., & Kumar, A. (2013). Study of mechanical properties and absorption behaviour of coconut shell powder-epoxy composites. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 2(5), 157.
  • Sreekumar, P. A., & Thomas, S. (2008). Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites. Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites, 67–126. Woodhead Publishing.
  • Tajuddin, M., Ahmad, Z., & Ismail, H. (2016). A review of natural fibers and processing operations for the production of binderless boards. BioResources, 11(2), 5600–5617.
  • United States Department of Agriculture. (2018). Coffee: world markets and trade. https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/m900nt40f/41687n67f/nk322j622/coffee.pdf
  • Williams, G. I., Dweib, M. A., & Wool, R. P. (2000). Composites from natural fibers and soy oil resins. Applied Composite Materials, 7(5/6), 421–432.
  • Yu, W., Yuan, T., Yao, Y., Deng, Y., & Wang, X. (2023). Pla/coffee grounds composite for 3d printing and its properties. Forests, 14(2), 367–367.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Composite and Hybrid Materials
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Kadir Yalman 0009-0001-0901-4690

İlkay Atar 0000-0001-9527-1791

Fatih Mengeloğlu 0000-0002-2614-3662

Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date March 17, 2024
Acceptance Date April 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yalman, M. K., Atar, İ., & Mengeloğlu, F. (2024). EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 8(1), 63-76.
AMA Yalman MK, Atar İ, Mengeloğlu F. EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Turk J For Sci. April 2024;8(1):63-76.
Chicago Yalman, Mustafa Kadir, İlkay Atar, and Fatih Mengeloğlu. “EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 8, no. 1 (April 2024): 63-76.
EndNote Yalman MK, Atar İ, Mengeloğlu F (April 1, 2024) EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 8 1 63–76.
IEEE M. K. Yalman, İ. Atar, and F. Mengeloğlu, “EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 63–76, 2024.
ISNAD Yalman, Mustafa Kadir et al. “EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 8/1 (April 2024), 63-76.
JAMA Yalman MK, Atar İ, Mengeloğlu F. EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Turk J For Sci. 2024;8:63–76.
MLA Yalman, Mustafa Kadir et al. “EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 8, no. 1, 2024, pp. 63-76.
Vancouver Yalman MK, Atar İ, Mengeloğlu F. EPOKSİ BAZLI KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERDE FARKLI DOLGU MADDESİ KULLANIMININ MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Turk J For Sci. 2024;8(1):63-76.