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LD50 VALUES MAY BE MISLEADING PREDICTORS OF NEONICOTINOID TOXICITY ACROSS DIFFERENT BEE SPECIES

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 29.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.568251

Abstract

The importance of not only honey bees (Apis mellifera) but also other
non-managed bee species and their pollination services has come to light with
their recently reported declines. One contributing factor in these declines is
thought to be sub-lethal exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides such as
thiacloprid. However, current government regulatory agencies do not require the
assessment of insecticide toxicity on bee species other than the honey bee,
even though previous studies have demonstrated that sensitivity to insecticides
is not likely to be generalizable from honey bees to non-managed bee species.
Replicating standardized protocols and testing five different doses of
thiacloprid on individual caged bees, we assessed the acute contact toxicity by
calculating mortality and the lethal dose (LD50) value for three bee
species with different life history traits: Apis
mellifera
, Bombus terrestris, and Osmia bicornis. We found that Apis
mellifera
and Osmia bicornis had
significantly higher mortality in comparison to Bombus terrestris, but there was no dose-dependent response for any
of the three bee species. Bee size and sex were also not useful predictors of
thiacloprid toxicity. These results suggest that solely relying on LD50
values, especially when they do not produce a dose-dependent response, may be
misleading when assessing insecticide toxicity risk for honey bees and other
non-managed bee species.

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Neonikotinoidlerin Zehir Etkilerini Belirlemede LD50 Değerleri Farklı Arı Türleri İçin Yanıltıcı Bir Öngösterge Olabilir

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 29.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.568251

Abstract

 



Son yapılan kayıp raporları ile sadece bal arıları
değil diğer yabani arılar ve onların yaptığı tozlaşma hizmeti gündeme gelmiş
oldu. Bu kayıpların oluşmasında önemli faktörlerden biri örneğin thiacloprid
gibi neonikotinoid böcek öldürücülerin ölümcül etkinin altındaki dozları
düşünülmektedir. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar göstermiştirki böcek öldürücülere
karşı duyarlılığı bal arıları üzerinde yapılan çalışmaları kullanarak yabani
arılar için genelleştirmek doğru olmaz. Gerçi güncel devlet düzenleme kurumları
bal arısı dışında diğer arılar üzerinde böcek öldürücüler ile ilgili
değerlendirmeyi gerekli görmez. Kafese konulmuş her bir arı üzerinde
thiacloprid’in beş farklı dozunu test ve standart protokolü tekrar ederek
farklı yaşam karakterlerine sahip üç farklı arı türü için ani temas ile
zehirlenmeyi ölüm oranlarını hesaplayarak ve ölümcül doz (LD50)
değerlerini kullanarak belirledik. Bu çalışma ile Apis mellifera ve Osmia
bicornis
türlerinde Bombus terrestris’e
göre ciddi derecede yüksek arı ölümleri tespit ettik. Fakat üç farklı arı türü
için doza bağlı bir reaksiyon görülmemiştir. Arı büyüklüğü ve cinsiyet
thiacloprid zehirlenmesi için yararlı bir öngösterge değildir. Bu sonuçlara
göre doza bağlı bir reaksiyon üretilmeden tamamen LD50 değerlerine
güvenmek, bal arılarında ve yabani arı türlerinde böcek öldrücülerin zehir
seviyesini belirlemede yanıltıcı olabilir.

References

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  • Boff S, Friedel A, Mussury RM, Lenis PR, Raizer J. 2018. Changes in social behavior are induced by pesticide ingestion in a Neotropical stingless bee. Ecotox Environ Safe 164:548-553. doi:10.1016/j.ecocnv.2018.08.061
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  • Del Sarto MCL, Oliveira EE, Guedes RNC, Campos LAO. 2014. Differential insecticide susceptibility of the Neotropical stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and the honey bee Apis mellifera. Apidologie 45(5):626-636.
  • Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM. 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews. p 81-106.
  • Di Prisco G, Cavaliere V, Annoscia D, Varricchio P, Caprio E, Nazzi F, Gargiulo G, Pennacchio F. 2013. Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(46):18466-18471.
  • Doublet V, Labarussias M, de Miranda JR, Moritz RFA, Paxton RJ. 2015. Bees under stress: sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid pesticide and pathogens interact to elevate honey bee mortality across the life cycle. Environmental Microbiology 17(4):969-983.
  • EASAC. 2015. Ecosystem services, agriculture and neonicotinoids. In: Council EASA, editor. p 62.
  • Elbert A, Haas M, Springer B, Thielert W, Nauen R. 2008. Applied aspects of neonicotinoid uses in crop protection. Pest Management Science 64(11):1099-1105.
  • EPPO. 1992. Guideline on the test methods for evaluating the side-effects of plant protection products on honeybees. EPPO Bulletin 22(2):203-215.
  • Falcón T, Ferreira-Caliman MJ, Franco Nunes FM, Tanaka ÉD, do Nascimento FS, Gentile Bitondi MM. 2014. Exoskeleton formation in Apis mellifera: Cuticular hydrocarbons profiles and expression of desaturase and elongase genes during pupal and adult development. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 50(0):68-81.
  • FERA. 2013. Neonicotinoid Pesticides and Bees: Report to Syngenta Ltd. In: Agency TFaER, editor. p 133.
  • Finney DJ. 1952. Probit Analysis. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries (1886-1994) 78(3):388-390.
  • Fischer J, Müller T, Spatz A-K, Greggers U, Grünewald B, Menzel R. 2014. Neonicotinoids Interfere with Specific Components of Navigation in Honeybees. PLoS ONE 9(3):e91364.
  • Freitas BF, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Medina LM, Kleinert AMP, Galetto L, Nates-Parra G, Quezada-Euán JJG. 2009. Diversity, threats and conservation of native bees in the Neotropics. Apidologie 40:332-346.
  • Gallai N, Salles J-M, Settele J, Vaissière BE. 2009. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economics 68(3):810-821.
  • Garibaldi LA, Carvalheiro LG, Vaissière BE, Gemmill-Herren B, Hipólito J, Freitas BM, Ngo HT, Azzu N, Sáez A, Åström J and others. 2016. Mutually beneficial pollinator diversity and crop yield outcomes in small and large farms. Science 351(6271):388-391.
  • Giannini TC, Boff S, Cordeiro GD, Cartolano EA, Veiga AK, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Saraiva AM. 2015 (this year in 2014 in the text) Crop pollinators in Brazil: a review of reported interactions. Apidologie. 46(2):209-23.
  • Gill RJ, Raine NE. 2014. Chronic impairment of bumblebee natural foraging behaviour induced by sublethal pesticide exposure. Functional Ecology 28(6):1459-1471.
  • Gill RJ, Ramos-Rodriguez O, Raine NE. 2012. Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees. Nature 491(7422):105-108.
  • Gradish AE, van der Steen J, Scott-Dupree CD, Cabrera AR, Cutler GC, Goulson D, et al. 2018. Comparison of Pesticide Exposure in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Implications for Risk Assessments. Environmental Entomology. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy168.
  • Hein L. 2009. The Economic Value of the Pollination Service, a Review Across Scales. The Open Ecology Journal 2:74-82.
  • Henry M, Béguin M, Requier F, Rollin O, Odoux J-F, Aupinel P, Aptel J, Tchamitchian S, Decourtye A. 2012. A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees. Science 336(6079):348-350.
  • Iwasa T, Motoyama N, Ambrose JT, Roe RM. 2004. Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Crop Protection 23(5):371-378.
  • Jin N, Klein S, Leimig F, Bischoff G, Menzel R. 2015. The neonicotinoid clothianidin interferes with navigation of the solitary bee Osmia cornuta in a laboratory test. Journal of Experimental Biology 218(18):2821-2825.
  • Jorand JP, Bounias M, Chauvin R. 1989. The Survival Hormones - Azelaic and Pimelic Acids, Suppress the Stress Elicited by Isolation Conditions on the Steroids and Phospholipids of Adult Worker Honeybees. Hormone and Metabolic Research 21(10):553-557.
  • Klein A, Vaissière BE, Cane JH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke T. 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing lanscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B:Biological Sciences 274:303-313.
  • Krupke CH, Hunt GJ, Eitzer BD, Andino G, Given K. 2012. Multiple Routes of Pesticide Exposure for Honey Bees Living Near Agricultural Fields. PLoS ONE 7(1):e29268.
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Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Christopher Mayack

Publication Date May 29, 2019
Acceptance Date January 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

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Vancouver Mayack C. LD50 VALUES MAY BE MISLEADING PREDICTORS OF NEONICOTINOID TOXICITY ACROSS DIFFERENT BEE SPECIES. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2019;19(1):19-33.

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