Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2951 - 2967, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422

Abstract

Sultan Vahdettin was the last representative of the Ottoman dynasty who assumed the sultanate in one of the last months of the First World War. He assumed responsibility not only for himself, but also for a six-hundred-century-old empire that was being defeated. The policy he would pursue and the decisions he would make would affect his fate and that of the country. The first decision was to wage a great struggle against all kinds of occupation by relying on the nation, and the second was to protect the sultanate and caliphate under the sovereignty of a powerful occupying state. The decision to be made was to wage a great struggle for independence by leading the nation with the responsibility imposed on him by history, with the heroic spirit he had received from his ancestors, against the Entente states, which he could not prevail against, even though he had the German Empire as an ally, and perhaps to lose the sultanate, or to gain the friendship of England, a great and powerful state, to enter its patronage and to protect all its gains. The subject is important in terms of illuminating the debates about Vahdettin in recent political circles. The study was prepared using British and Turkish archival documents. The aim of the study is to reveal the policy of Sultan Mehmet Vahdettin IV, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, towards England after the Armistice of Mudros and its reasons.

References

  • Adıvar, Halide Edip, The Turkish Ordeal, London, 1928.
  • Akşin, Sina, İstanbul Hükümetleri ve Millî Mücadele, 1 cilt, İstanbul, 1976 & 1992.
  • Atatürk, Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Nutuk, Fark Yayınları, Ankara, 2007.
  • Falih Rıfkı Atay, Mustafa Kemal’in Bana Anlattıkları, Hisar Matbaası, İstanbul, 1955.
  • Hadisat, 12.3.1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/3411/211362: Private letter from Hohler to Kidston, İstanbul, December, 5,1918.
  • IDA, FO 371/3421/214122: Secret telegram from British General Headquarters to the British Chief of Military Intelligence, İstanbul, December, 16,1918.
  • IDA, FO 371/4141/40280 Secret telegram from Webb to the British Foreign Office, Istanbul March, 9,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4156/3802 Mallet - Halil meeting, March, 6,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4164/191127: Private letter from Webb to Graham, İstanbul, January, 19,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4172/13694: Secret telegram from Calthorpe to the British Foreign Office, January, 22,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4172/23004: Secret telegram from Calthorpe to the British Foreign Office, İstanbul, February, 9,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/49194 Webb to Balfour, Istanbul, March, 8,1919.
  • İkdam, January, 9,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, April, 11-15,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, March, 14,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, November, 23-25,1918.
  • İstanbul Press, January, 31,1919.
  • Jaeschke, Gotthard, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı Kronolojisi Mondros’tan Mudanya’ya Kadar (30 Ekim 1918–11 Ekim 1922), Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989.
  • Luke, Sir Harry. The Making of Modern Turkey London, 1936.
  • Ryan, Sir Andrew. The Last of the Dragomans, London, 1951.
  • Sarıhan, Mehmet Zeki. Kurtuluş Savaşı Günlüğü, İstanbul, 1982.
  • Selek, Sabahattin. Milli Mücadele, Ulusal Kurtuluş Savaşı, Doğan Kitap, İstanbul, 1971.
  • Sonyel, Salahi R. Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı ve Dış Politika, Ankara, 1973 & 1986.
  • Tansel, Selahattin. Mondros'tan Mudanya'ya Kadar, Doğa Sahaf Yayınevi, Ankara, 1973.
  • The Times, London, November, 19, 1918.
  • Villalta, George Blanco. Atatürk, Ankara, 1982.

Sultan Vahdettin’in Mondros Ateşkes Anlaşması Sonrası İngiltere’ye Yönelik Politikası

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2951 - 2967, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422

Abstract

Sultan Vahdettin, Birinci Dünya Savaşı`nın son aylarından birinde saltanat makamına oturmuş Osmanlı Hanedanı’nın son temsilcisidir. Sadece kendisi için değil, yenilmekte olan altı yüz asırlık bir imparatorluğun en ağır sorumluluğunu da üstenmişti. Takip edeceği siyaset ve vereceği kararlarla hem kendi hem de ülkenin kaderini etkileyecekti. Bu kararın ilki, millete güvenerek her türlü işgale karşı büyük bir mücadele vermek, ikinci ise güçlü bir işgalci devletin egemenliği altında sahip olduğu saltanat ve hilafeti korumaktı. Vereceği karar; sonu ne olursa olsun, yanında müttefik olarak Alman İmparatorluğu olduğu halde galip gelemediği İtilaf devletlerine karşı, tarihin kendisine yüklemiş olduğu sorumlulukla, ecdadından almış olduğu kahraman ruhla, milletine önderlik yaparak büyük bir istiklal mücadelesi vermek ve belki de saltanat makamını kaybetmek veya büyük ve güçlü bir devlet olan İngiltere`nin dostluğunu kazanarak, himayesine girmek ve tüm kazanımlarını korumak olacaktı. Konu, son dönem siyasi çevrelerde Vahdettin hakkındaki tartışmaları aydınlatması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışma, İngiliz ve Türk arşiv belgeleri kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu`nun son Padişahı Sultan IV. Mehmet Vahdettin`in Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası İngiltere siyasetini ve nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır.

References

  • Adıvar, Halide Edip, The Turkish Ordeal, London, 1928.
  • Akşin, Sina, İstanbul Hükümetleri ve Millî Mücadele, 1 cilt, İstanbul, 1976 & 1992.
  • Atatürk, Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Nutuk, Fark Yayınları, Ankara, 2007.
  • Falih Rıfkı Atay, Mustafa Kemal’in Bana Anlattıkları, Hisar Matbaası, İstanbul, 1955.
  • Hadisat, 12.3.1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/3411/211362: Private letter from Hohler to Kidston, İstanbul, December, 5,1918.
  • IDA, FO 371/3421/214122: Secret telegram from British General Headquarters to the British Chief of Military Intelligence, İstanbul, December, 16,1918.
  • IDA, FO 371/4141/40280 Secret telegram from Webb to the British Foreign Office, Istanbul March, 9,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4156/3802 Mallet - Halil meeting, March, 6,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4164/191127: Private letter from Webb to Graham, İstanbul, January, 19,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4172/13694: Secret telegram from Calthorpe to the British Foreign Office, January, 22,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/4172/23004: Secret telegram from Calthorpe to the British Foreign Office, İstanbul, February, 9,1919.
  • IDA, FO 371/49194 Webb to Balfour, Istanbul, March, 8,1919.
  • İkdam, January, 9,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, April, 11-15,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, March, 14,1919.
  • İstanbul Press, November, 23-25,1918.
  • İstanbul Press, January, 31,1919.
  • Jaeschke, Gotthard, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı Kronolojisi Mondros’tan Mudanya’ya Kadar (30 Ekim 1918–11 Ekim 1922), Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989.
  • Luke, Sir Harry. The Making of Modern Turkey London, 1936.
  • Ryan, Sir Andrew. The Last of the Dragomans, London, 1951.
  • Sarıhan, Mehmet Zeki. Kurtuluş Savaşı Günlüğü, İstanbul, 1982.
  • Selek, Sabahattin. Milli Mücadele, Ulusal Kurtuluş Savaşı, Doğan Kitap, İstanbul, 1971.
  • Sonyel, Salahi R. Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı ve Dış Politika, Ankara, 1973 & 1986.
  • Tansel, Selahattin. Mondros'tan Mudanya'ya Kadar, Doğa Sahaf Yayınevi, Ankara, 1973.
  • The Times, London, November, 19, 1918.
  • Villalta, George Blanco. Atatürk, Ankara, 1982.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Late Modern Ottoman History
Journal Section research Article
Authors

Murat Köylü 0000-0001-7759-7675

Publication Date October 24, 2023
Submission Date June 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan

Cite

APA Köylü, M. (2023). Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan), 2951-2967. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422
AMA Köylü M. Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice. VAKANUVIS. October 2023;8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan):2951-2967. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422
Chicago Köylü, Murat. “Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England After the Mudros Armistice”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan (October 2023): 2951-67. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422.
EndNote Köylü M (October 1, 2023) Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan 2951–2967.
IEEE M. Köylü, “Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice”, VAKANUVIS, vol. 8, no. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, pp. 2951–2967, 2023, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422.
ISNAD Köylü, Murat. “Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England After the Mudros Armistice”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan (October 2023), 2951-2967. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422.
JAMA Köylü M. Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8:2951–2967.
MLA Köylü, Murat. “Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England After the Mudros Armistice”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2023, pp. 2951-67, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1319422.
Vancouver Köylü M. Sultan Vahdetti̇n’s Policy towards England after the Mudros Armistice. VAKANUVIS. 2023;8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan):2951-67.


 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike)