Determinants of Labor Productivity of Turkish Manufacturing Sectors: The Role of Global Value Chain Participation

Year 2024, Volume: 58 Issue: 2, 155 - 170, 30.04.2024

Pınar Tat Abdullah Altun Halit Yanıkkaya

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1321289

Abstract

Purpose: This paper investigates the determinants of labor productivity of Turkish manufacturing sectors by taking into account both the global value chain (GVC) participation and the research and development (R&D) expenditure for the period of 1995-2018.
Methodology: To analyze the determinants of labor productivity in Turkish manufacturing sectors, we specify the labor productivity model and estimate this empirical model by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) methods.
Findings: Our estimation results indicate that while simple forward GVC participation enhances the labor productivity of Turkish high-tech manufacturing sectors if they trade with developing countries, complex forward GVC participation increases productivity regardless of trading partners. For low-tech sectors, there is no significant impact of GVCs or R&D on productivity. There is no significant impact of backward GVC participation and sectoral R&D intensity on labor productivity. These significant results provide strong evidence for the importance of deeper involvement of high-tech sectors in GVCs for higher sectoral productivity. Given the strong heterogeneity in terms of sectors and trading partners, specific policies should be targeted to benefit from the productivity gains of the global value chains.
Originality: This study contributes to the current studies by focusing on disaggregated measures of GVC participation indices and enlarges the empirical analysis by considering the heterogeneity in trading partners (developed and developing trading partners).

Keywords

Labor Productivity, Simple/Complex GVC Participation, R&D Expenditure, The Turkish Manufacturing Sector

Türk İmalat Sektörlerinin İş Gücü Verimliliğinin Belirleyicileri: Küresel Değer Zincirine Katılımın Rolü

Abstract

Amaç: Bu makale, 1995-2018 dönemi için hem küresel değer zinciri (KDZ) katılımı hem de araştırma ve geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamalarını dikkate alarak Türk imalat sektörlerinin işgücü verimliliğinin belirleyicilerini incelemektedir.
Yöntem: Türk imalat sektörlerinde işgücü verimliliğinin belirleyicilerini analiz etmek için, işgücü verimliliği modelini belirlemekte ve bu ampirik modeli Sıradan En Küçük Kareler (OLS) ve İki Aşamalı En Küçük Kareler (2SLS) yöntemleri ile tahmin etmekteyiz.
Bulgular: Tahmin sonuçlarımız, gelişmekte olan ülkelerle ticaret yapmaları durumunda basit ileriye dönük KDZ katılımının, Türk ileri teknoloji imalat sektörlerinin işgücü verimliliğini artırırken, karmaşık ileri KDZ katılımının ticari ortaklardan bağımsız olarak üretkenliği artırdığını göstermektedir. Düşük teknolojili sektörler için KDZ’lerin veya Ar-Ge’nin üretkenlik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. Geriye dönük KDZ katılımının ve sektörel Ar-Ge yoğunluğunun işgücü verimliliği üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. Bu önemli sonuçlar, daha yüksek sektörel üretkenlik için yüksek teknoloji sektörlerinin KDZ’lere daha derin bir şekilde dahil edilmesinin önemine dair güçlü kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Sektörler ve ticaret partnerleri açısından güçlü heterojenlik göz önüne alındığında, küresel değer zincirlerinin üretkenlik kazanımlarından yararlanmak için belirli politikalar hedeflenmelidir.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, KDZ katılım endekslerinin ayrıştırılmış ölçütlerine odaklanarak mevcut çalışmalara katkıda bulunmakta ve ticaret partnerlerindeki (gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ticaret partnerleri) heterojenliği dikkate alarak ampirik analizi genişletmektedir.

Keywords

İş Gücü Verimliliği, Basit/Kompleks KDZ Katılımı, Ar-Ge Harcamaları, Türk İmalat Sektörü

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