Measuring the Financial Efficiency and Productivity of Deposit and Participation Banks Operating in Türkiye: An Application of the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index

Year 2025, Volume: 59 Issue: 3, 549 - 574, 21.07.2025

Barış Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1579289

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to measure the financial efficiency and productivity performances of 28 banks were assessed for the 2016–2023 period operating in Türkiye by distinguishing between publicly and privately owned banks as well as between conventional and participation banking.
Methodology: Variables that were found to be statistically insignificant were excluded from the dataset based on panel least squares regression analysis. This study adopts a hybrid approach that integrates the production approach and the intermediation approach for selecting input and output variables.
Findings: Between 2016 and 2023, the highest increase in total factor productivity occurred in 2017–2018, followed by 2021–2022, 2016–2017, 2020–2021, and 2019–2020. The periods with the largest decreases in total factor productivity were 2018–2019 and 2022–2023. Notably, Arap Türk Bank was the only bank with a decline in total factor productivity during the 2016–2023 period. Turkish Bank demonstrated the most significant improvements in efficiency, technical efficiency, and total factor productivity. All banks, except Arap Türk Bank, exhibited total factor productivity changes above 1 during the 2016–2023 period.
Originality: The distinctive aspect of this study compared to existing literature lies in its focus on comparing the performances of publicly and privately owned banks, as well as conventional and participation banks, within the context of a developing country like Türkiye. Another feature that differentiates this study from others in the literature is the inclusion of only those input variables found to be statistically significant through regression analysis using variables commonly employed in the literature.

Keywords

Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index , Financial Efficiency , Financial Productivity , Deposit Bank , Participation Bank

Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Mevduat ve Katılım Bankalarının Finansal Etkinlik ve Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi Uygulaması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren kamu sermayeli ve özel sermayeli bankalar ayrımı ile geleneksel bankacılık ve katılım bankacılığı ayrımı bağlamında 2016-2023 döneminde 28 bankanın finansal etkinlik ve verimliliklerinin Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi kullanılarak ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Panel En Küçük Kareler Regresyon Analizi sonucunda anlamlı olmayan değişkenler veri setinden çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerinin seçiminde üretim ve aracılık yaklaşımını içeren karma yöntem kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: 2016-2023 dönemi arasında toplam faktör verimliliğinde en fazla artışın olduğu dönem 2017-2018 dönemi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu dönemi 2021-2022, 2016-2017, 2020-2021 ve 2019-2020 dönemleri izlemektedir. Toplam Faktör Verimlilik değerlerinin en fazla azaldığı dönemler sırasıyla 2018-2019 ve 2022-2023 dönemleri olduğu görülmektedir. Toplam faktör verimlilik değişimi incelendiğinde Arap Türk Bankası hariç tüm bankaların 2016-2023 döneminde değişim değerlerinin 1’den yüksek olduğu ve tüm bankaların toplam faktör verimliliklerini arttırdıkları görülmektedir.
Özgünlük: Çalışmanın literatürde bulunan diğer çalışmalardan ayrılan yönü gelişmekte olan bir ülke olan Türkiye’deki kamu sermayeli ve özel sermayeli bankalar ayrımı ile geleneksel ve katılım bankacılığı ayrımı bağlamında bankaların performanslarının karşılaştırılmasına dayalı olmasıdır. Bu çalışmayı literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan ayıran diğer bir yön girdi değişkenlerinin literatürde kullanılan değişkenlerle yürütülen regresyon analizi sonucunda anlamlı olan değişkenlerin çalışmaya dahil edilmesidir.

Keywords

Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi , Finansal Etkinlik , Finansal Verimlilik , Mevduat Bankası , Katılım Bankası

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