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COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ülkelerin Sağlık Sistemleri Performanslarının Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 41, 216 - 231, 28.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1259940

Abstract

Araştırmada çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılarak COVID-19 salgınının OECD ülkeleri sağlık sistemi performansına etkisini analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini 38 OECD ülkesi oluşturmaktır. Araştırmada TOPSIS, COPRAS, VIKOR ve GİA yöntemleri kullanılarak COVID-19 salgınında en iyi performansa sahip ve en güvenli ülkeler sıralanarak kıyaslanmıştır. Uygulanan TOPSIS ve VIKOR analizine göre Almanya, GİA’ya göre Japonya, COPRAS analizine göre ise Yeni Zelanda COVID-19 döneminde sağlık sistemi en iyi performans gösteren ülkeler olmuştur. Aynı zamanda COVID-19 güvenli ülkelerin değerlendirilmesinde TOPSIS ve GİA analizi sonucuna göre Almanya, VIKOR analizi sonucuna göre ise Güney Kore’nin en iyi performansa sahip en güvenli ülkeler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. COVID-19 salgınının ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerini değerlendirmeleri, en iyi performans gösteren en güvenli ülkeleri rehber almaları açısından uyarıcı nitelikte olduğu düşünülmektedir. Nitekim bu ülkelerin uyguladığı sağlık planları göz önünde bulundurularak muhtemel salgın tehditlerine karşı sağlık kaynaklarının nitelik ve nicelik anlamda iyileştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan E-87432956-050-99-62411 sayılı ve 25.05.2021 tarihli etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.

References

  • Anderson, G., & Husscy, P. S. (2001). Comparing health system performance in OECD countries. Health Affairs, 20(3), 219–232.
  • Arsu, T. (2021). Ülkelerin COVID-19 pandemisine karşı mücadelesinin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi. Akademik İzdüşüm Dergisi (Journal of Academic Projection), 6(1), 128–140.
  • Bolazar, E. C., & Candan, G. (2021). Ülkelerin endüstri 4.0 seviyelerinin VIKOR yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. In E. Fendoğlu (Ed.), Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile güncel uygulamalar (p. 81-96). Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Breitenbach, M. C., Ngobeni, V., & Aye, G. C. (2020). Efficiency of healthcare systems in the first wave of COVID-19 - a technical efficiency analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-25.
  • Caldera-Villalobos, C., Garza-veloz, I., Martínez-avila, N., Delgado-enciso, I., Ortiz-castro, Y., & Cabral-pacheco, G. A. (2020). The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenge in mexico: a critical and forced reflection as ındividuals and society. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(June), 26–29.
  • Ceylan, S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık sistemleri: Japonya örneği. Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi, 36(4), 295-320.
  • Chen, C. N., & Ting, S. C. (2002). A study using the grey system theory to evaluate the importance of various service quality factors. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 19(7), 838–861.
  • DKG. (2020). COVID-19 regional safety assessment (200 Regions). (2021, November 26), http://analytics.dkv.global/covid-regional-assessment-200- regions/full-report.pdf
  • Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems and Control Letters, 1(5), 288–294.
  • Erenler, A. K., & Baydin, A. (2021). Comparison of performances of top emergency medicine journals in terms of COVID-19 publications in 2020. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 46, 132–136.
  • GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. (2018). Measuring performance on the healthcare access and quality ındex for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2016. The Lancet, 391(10136), 2236–2271.
  • Hurst, J. & Jee-hughes, M. (2000). Performance measurement and ımprovement in OECD health systems. OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers No. 47. France. Hüsmenoğlu, M., & Yılmaz Kuşaklı, B. (2021). Almanya sağlık sistemi COVID-19 pandemisi durum analizi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 8(2), 156–162.
  • Hwang, C.-L., & Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple attribute decision making methods and applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Ishizaka, A., & Nemery, P. (2013). Multi-criteria decision analysis: Methods and software (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Ibrahim, M. D., Binofai, F. A., & MM Alshamsi, R. (2020). Pandemic response management framework based on efficiency of covıd-19 control and treatment. Future Virology, 15(12), 801–816.
  • Kırılmaz, H. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde sağlık hizmetleri sunumunda Türkiye. Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 56, 48-49.
  • Koçer, Z. A. (2020). Pandemi oluşumunda zoonotik patojenlerin önemi. (2020, October 22), https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/default/files/inline-files/tubitak-covid-web-portal_pandemi-olusumunda-zoonotik-patojenlerin-onemi_zk_27apr2020_0.pdf
  • Köse, E., Aplak, H. S., & Kabak, M. (2013). Personel seçimi için gri sistem teori tabanlı bütünleşik bir yaklaşım. Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 13(4), 461–461.
  • Konca, M. (2021). OECD ülkeleri̇nı̇n ulusal sağlık sı̇stemlerı̇nı̇n zamana dayalı performansının değerlendı̇ri̇lmesı̇. [Doktora Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Lal, A., Erondu, N., Heymann, D., Gitahi, G., & Yates, R. (2021). Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage. Lancet (London, England), 397(10268), 19–21.
  • Lowy Institute. (2021). COVID-19 performance index. Retrieved November 12, 2021 from https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/covid-performance/
  • Lupu, D., Tiganasu, R. (2022). COVID-19 ve Avrupa'da sağlık sistemlerinin etkinliği. Health Econ Rev 12,14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-022-00358-y
  • Moolla, I., & Hiilamo, H. (2023). Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries. BMC health services research, 23(1), 244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09206-z
  • Nurchis, M. C., Pascucci, D., Sapienza, M., Villani, L., D’ambrosio, F., Castrini, F., … & Damiani, G. (2020). Impact of the burden of COVID-19 in Italy: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and productivity loss. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4233), 1–12.
  • OECD. (2021a). Health at a glance 2021: OECD ındicators. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2021b). Strengthening the frontline: How primary health care helps health systems adapt during the covıd-19 pandemic. In tackling Coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing to a Global Effort.
  • OECD (2023), Ready for the next crisis? Investing in Health System Resilience, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/1e53cf80-en
  • Orhan, M., & Mutlu, H. T. (2021). Ülkelerin Covi̇d-19 pandemi̇si̇ne karşı mücadelesi̇ni̇n critic tabanlı mabac yöntemi̇yle değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇. Nicel Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 173-189.
  • Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514–529.
  • Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2) 445–455.
  • Özdemir, M. (2015). TOPSIS. In Operasyonel, yönetsel ve stratejik problemlerin çözümünde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri (p. 133-139). Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Özçalıcı, M. (2017). MATLAB ile çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemiyoloji ve tanı. Ankara.
  • Selamzade, F., & Özdemir, Y. (2020). COVID-19`a karşı OECD ülkelerinin etkinliğinin VZA ile değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 977-991.
  • Şengün, İ., & Yiğit, V. (2021). Asya ülkeleri sağlık sistemi verimliliğinin parametrik olmayan yöntemler ile analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(29), 299-316.
  • Şener, M., & Yiğit, V. (2017). Sağlik sistemlerinin teknik verimliliği: OECD ülkeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(26), 266-290.
  • Sherpa, D. (2020). Estimating ımpact of austerity policies in COVID-19 fatality rates: examining the dynamics of economic policy and Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19 in OECD countries. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Shultz, J. M., Berg, R. C., Alberto, O., Acevedo, B., Alexandra, J., Cañas, O., Pinilla, V. A., Muñoz, O., Espinel, Z., & Uribe-restrepo, J. M. (2021). Complex correlates of Colombia’s COVID-19 surge. The Lancet Regional Health-Americas, 3(100072).
  • Wu HH. (2002). A comparative study of using grey relational analysis in multiple attribute decision making problems. Qual Eng., 15(2):209–17.
  • Yi̇ği̇t, A. (2020). The performance of OECD countries in combating with Covid 19 pandemics: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences (JoCReSS), 10(2), 399–416.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., & Sarka, V. (1994). The New method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment of projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1(3), 131–139.

The Analysis of The Performances of The Health Systems of Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 41, 216 - 231, 28.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1259940

Abstract

In the study, it is aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the health system performance of OECD countries by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. The research population consists of 38 OECD countries. In the study, using TOPSIS, COPRAS, VIKOR and GIA methods, the countries with the best performance and the safest in the COVID-19 epidemic are ranked and compared. According to the TOPSIS and VIKOR analysis applied, Germany; according to the GIA, Japan; and according to the COPRAS analysis, New Zealand are the countries with the best performance in the health system during the COVID-19 period. At the same time, in the evaluation of COVID-19 safe countries, it is concluded that Germany according to the results of TOPSIS and GIA analysis; and South Korea according to the result of VIKOR analysis are the safest countries with the best performance. The COVID-19 outbreak is thought to be a stimulus for countries to evaluate their health systems and to take the safest countries with the best performance as a guide. As a matter of fact, considering the health plans implemented by these countries, it is recommended to improve health resources in terms of quality and quantity against possible epidemic threats.

Ethical Statement

For this study the approval of ethical committee no E-87432956-050-99-62411 dated 25.05.2021 was taken from the Ethics Committee, Suleyman Demirel University.

References

  • Anderson, G., & Husscy, P. S. (2001). Comparing health system performance in OECD countries. Health Affairs, 20(3), 219–232.
  • Arsu, T. (2021). Ülkelerin COVID-19 pandemisine karşı mücadelesinin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi. Akademik İzdüşüm Dergisi (Journal of Academic Projection), 6(1), 128–140.
  • Bolazar, E. C., & Candan, G. (2021). Ülkelerin endüstri 4.0 seviyelerinin VIKOR yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. In E. Fendoğlu (Ed.), Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile güncel uygulamalar (p. 81-96). Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Breitenbach, M. C., Ngobeni, V., & Aye, G. C. (2020). Efficiency of healthcare systems in the first wave of COVID-19 - a technical efficiency analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-25.
  • Caldera-Villalobos, C., Garza-veloz, I., Martínez-avila, N., Delgado-enciso, I., Ortiz-castro, Y., & Cabral-pacheco, G. A. (2020). The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenge in mexico: a critical and forced reflection as ındividuals and society. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(June), 26–29.
  • Ceylan, S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık sistemleri: Japonya örneği. Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi, 36(4), 295-320.
  • Chen, C. N., & Ting, S. C. (2002). A study using the grey system theory to evaluate the importance of various service quality factors. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 19(7), 838–861.
  • DKG. (2020). COVID-19 regional safety assessment (200 Regions). (2021, November 26), http://analytics.dkv.global/covid-regional-assessment-200- regions/full-report.pdf
  • Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems and Control Letters, 1(5), 288–294.
  • Erenler, A. K., & Baydin, A. (2021). Comparison of performances of top emergency medicine journals in terms of COVID-19 publications in 2020. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 46, 132–136.
  • GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. (2018). Measuring performance on the healthcare access and quality ındex for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2016. The Lancet, 391(10136), 2236–2271.
  • Hurst, J. & Jee-hughes, M. (2000). Performance measurement and ımprovement in OECD health systems. OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers No. 47. France. Hüsmenoğlu, M., & Yılmaz Kuşaklı, B. (2021). Almanya sağlık sistemi COVID-19 pandemisi durum analizi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 8(2), 156–162.
  • Hwang, C.-L., & Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple attribute decision making methods and applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Ishizaka, A., & Nemery, P. (2013). Multi-criteria decision analysis: Methods and software (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Ibrahim, M. D., Binofai, F. A., & MM Alshamsi, R. (2020). Pandemic response management framework based on efficiency of covıd-19 control and treatment. Future Virology, 15(12), 801–816.
  • Kırılmaz, H. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde sağlık hizmetleri sunumunda Türkiye. Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 56, 48-49.
  • Koçer, Z. A. (2020). Pandemi oluşumunda zoonotik patojenlerin önemi. (2020, October 22), https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/default/files/inline-files/tubitak-covid-web-portal_pandemi-olusumunda-zoonotik-patojenlerin-onemi_zk_27apr2020_0.pdf
  • Köse, E., Aplak, H. S., & Kabak, M. (2013). Personel seçimi için gri sistem teori tabanlı bütünleşik bir yaklaşım. Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review), 13(4), 461–461.
  • Konca, M. (2021). OECD ülkeleri̇nı̇n ulusal sağlık sı̇stemlerı̇nı̇n zamana dayalı performansının değerlendı̇ri̇lmesı̇. [Doktora Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Lal, A., Erondu, N., Heymann, D., Gitahi, G., & Yates, R. (2021). Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage. Lancet (London, England), 397(10268), 19–21.
  • Lowy Institute. (2021). COVID-19 performance index. Retrieved November 12, 2021 from https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/covid-performance/
  • Lupu, D., Tiganasu, R. (2022). COVID-19 ve Avrupa'da sağlık sistemlerinin etkinliği. Health Econ Rev 12,14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-022-00358-y
  • Moolla, I., & Hiilamo, H. (2023). Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries. BMC health services research, 23(1), 244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09206-z
  • Nurchis, M. C., Pascucci, D., Sapienza, M., Villani, L., D’ambrosio, F., Castrini, F., … & Damiani, G. (2020). Impact of the burden of COVID-19 in Italy: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and productivity loss. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4233), 1–12.
  • OECD. (2021a). Health at a glance 2021: OECD ındicators. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2021b). Strengthening the frontline: How primary health care helps health systems adapt during the covıd-19 pandemic. In tackling Coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing to a Global Effort.
  • OECD (2023), Ready for the next crisis? Investing in Health System Resilience, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/1e53cf80-en
  • Orhan, M., & Mutlu, H. T. (2021). Ülkelerin Covi̇d-19 pandemi̇si̇ne karşı mücadelesi̇ni̇n critic tabanlı mabac yöntemi̇yle değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇. Nicel Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 173-189.
  • Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514–529.
  • Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2) 445–455.
  • Özdemir, M. (2015). TOPSIS. In Operasyonel, yönetsel ve stratejik problemlerin çözümünde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri (p. 133-139). Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Özçalıcı, M. (2017). MATLAB ile çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemiyoloji ve tanı. Ankara.
  • Selamzade, F., & Özdemir, Y. (2020). COVID-19`a karşı OECD ülkelerinin etkinliğinin VZA ile değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 977-991.
  • Şengün, İ., & Yiğit, V. (2021). Asya ülkeleri sağlık sistemi verimliliğinin parametrik olmayan yöntemler ile analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(29), 299-316.
  • Şener, M., & Yiğit, V. (2017). Sağlik sistemlerinin teknik verimliliği: OECD ülkeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(26), 266-290.
  • Sherpa, D. (2020). Estimating ımpact of austerity policies in COVID-19 fatality rates: examining the dynamics of economic policy and Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19 in OECD countries. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Shultz, J. M., Berg, R. C., Alberto, O., Acevedo, B., Alexandra, J., Cañas, O., Pinilla, V. A., Muñoz, O., Espinel, Z., & Uribe-restrepo, J. M. (2021). Complex correlates of Colombia’s COVID-19 surge. The Lancet Regional Health-Americas, 3(100072).
  • Wu HH. (2002). A comparative study of using grey relational analysis in multiple attribute decision making problems. Qual Eng., 15(2):209–17.
  • Yi̇ği̇t, A. (2020). The performance of OECD countries in combating with Covid 19 pandemics: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences (JoCReSS), 10(2), 399–416.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., & Sarka, V. (1994). The New method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment of projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1(3), 131–139.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Policy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ebru Armutcu 0000-0002-9965-8210

Arzu Yiğit 0000-0002-5777-3405

Early Pub Date February 28, 2024
Publication Date February 28, 2024
Submission Date March 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 15 Issue: 41

Cite

APA Armutcu, E., & Yiğit, A. (2024). The Analysis of The Performances of The Health Systems of Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 15(41), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1259940

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