Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Comparing of the Effects of Liquated Humic Substance (LHS), Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) on Runoff and Soil Losses

Year 2020, Volume: 57 Issue: 3, 351 - 358, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.580533

Abstract

ABSTRACT



Objective: The
aim of this study is to determine the effects of liquated humic substance,
polyacrylamide and polyvinylalcohol on runoff and soil losses by using a
laboratory type rain simulator.



Material
and Methods:
In this study, the 7 cm coarse gravel was placement
into the erosion pan, which sized 30x45x15 cm, sloped of 9 %. After laying a
permeable clothe on the coarse gravel layer, soil samples which were thought to
the 8 mm sieve, were placement into the erosion pan. Liquated h
umic substance, PAM and PVA solutions (0, 1, 2 and 4
ml l-1; 100 ml) were sprayed uniformly on soil surface by a hand
type pump with 2 replicated.
40 mm h-1 of artificial rainfall was
applied during 1 hour by a laboratory type rainfall simulator. The runoff start
time is measured with a stopwatch. Runoff and soil losses were calculated and
tabulated.



Results:
In this study, liquated humic substance, PAM and PVA
treatments decreased runoff and soil loss significant levels.



Conclusions:
Runoff and soil loss were decreased by using these
soulutions Therefore, liquated humic substance, PAM and PVA solusions can be
use reducing the erosion easily.

References

  • Akalan, İ. 1967. Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri ve Erozyon. A.Ü.Z.F. Yıllığı. (3-4): 490-503.
  • Akalan, İ. 1974. Toprak ve Su Muhafazası. A.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 532, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States of Department of Agricultural Handbook No: 18. United States Goverment Print Office, Washington.
  • Anonymous, 1999. SPSS 9 for Windows User’s Guide. Copyright 1999 by SPSS Inc., SPSS, Chicago, IL.
  • Bubenzer, G.D. and L.D. Meyer. 1965. Simulation of rainfall and soils for laboratory research. Trans. ASAE., 8: 73-75.
  • Chepil, W.S. 1954. The effect of synthetic conditioners on some phases of soil structure and erodobility by wind. Soil Science of Society of American Proceding. 18: 386-390.
  • Cochrane, B.H.W., J.M. Reichert, F.L.F. Eltz, and L.D. Norton. 2005. Controlling soil erosion and runoff with polyacrylamide and phosphogypsum on subtropical soil. Trans. ASAE. 48(1): 149-154.
  • DMİ., 2010. Turkish State Meteorological Service. http:// www.meteoroloji.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilçeleristatistik.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • DMİ., 2013. Turkish State Meteorological Service. http:// www.meteoroloji.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilçeleristatistik.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • Flanagan, D.C., L.D. Norton, J.R. Peterson, and K. Chaudhari. 2003. Using polyacrylamide to control erosion on agricultural and disturbed soils in rainfed areas. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (Ankery). 58(5): 301-311.
  • Gee, G.W. and J.V. Bauder. 1986. Particle Size Analysis, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 383-411, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Hunt, N. and R. Gilkes. 1992. Farm Monitoring Handbook. The University of Western Australia: Netherlands, WA.
  • Kempler, W.D. and R.C. Rosenau. 1986. Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution. In A. Klute et al., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 425-442, 2nd Edition. Agronomy Monograf. Soil Science of America, Madison, USA.
  • Levy, G.J. and I. Rapp. 1999. Polymer effect on surface mechanical strenght of a crusting loessial soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 37(1): 91-101.
  • Margherita, E., G. Brunetti, C. Garcia-Izquierdo, F. Cavalcante, S. Fiore, and N. Senesi. 2006. Humic substances and clay minerals in organically-amended semi arid soils. Soil Science, 171 (4): 322-333.
  • Middleton, H.E. 1930. Properties of Soil Which Influence Soil Erosion. USDA Tech. Bul. No: 178.
  • Neal, J.H. 1938. The Effect of The Degree of Slope and Rainfall Characteristics on Runoff and Soil Erosion. Agr. Exp. St. Res. Bul., No: 280.
  • Nelson, R.E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 181-197, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 539-579, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Pansu, M. and J. Gautheyroux. 2006. Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
  • Piccolo, A. and J.S.C. Mbagwu. 1997. Exogenous humic substances as conditioners for the rehabilitation of degraded soils. Agro Food Industry Hı-Technology, 8 (2): 2-4.
  • Piccolo, A., G. Pietramellara and J.S.C. Mbagwu. 1997. Reduction in soil loss from erosion susceptible soils amended with humic substances from oxidized coal. Soil Technology, 10: 235-245.
  • Ritchey, K.D., L.D. Norton, A. Hass, J.M. Gonzalez and D.J. Snuffer. 2012. Effect of selected soil conditioners on soil properties, erosion, runoff and rye growth in nonfertile acid soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 67 (4): 264-274.
  • Sepeskhah, A.R. and A.R.J. Bazrafshan. 2006. Controlling runoff and erosion in sloping land with polyacrylamide under a rainfall simulator. Biosystems Engineering. 93(4): 469-474.
  • Schlichting, E. und H.P. Blume. 1966. Bodenkundliches Praktikum. 209 S., 35 Abb., 38 Tab.; P. Parey, Hamburg 1966; Preis: Kartoniert DM 32.
  • Sinkpehoun, T.H., Yönter, G. 2018. Effects of liquated humic substances on runoff, soil losses by runoff and by splash under artificial rainfall conditions. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 55 (1):59-65.
  • Takuma, K., K. Inosako, K. Kobayashi, and H. Muramoto. 2003. Erosion control effect of red soil such as Kunigamimaji soil by the addition of soil conditioner. Bulletin of The Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University. 56:7-11.
  • Taysun, A. 1986. Gediz Havzasında Rendzina Tarım Topraklarında Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Yardımıyla Taşlar, Bitki Artıkları ve Polivinilalkolün (PVA) Toprak Özellikleri ile Birlikte Erozyona Etkileri Üzerine Araştırmalar. E.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 474.
  • Taysun, A. 1989. Toprak ve Su Korunumu. E.Ü.Z.F. Teksir No: 92-III, Bornova.
  • Teo, J., R. Chittaranjan, S.A. El Swaify, J.C. Ascough, and D.C. Flanagan. 2001. Polymer effect on soil erosion reduction and water quality improvement for selected tropical soils. Soil Erosion Research for 21st Century Proceding of The International Symposium. 42-45; 11 ref. Honolulu, Hawaii-USA.
  • Uysal, H., A. Taysun, C. Köse. 1995. Toprak özellikleriyle birlikte kümeleşmeyi sağlayan bazı polimerlerin laboratuvar koşulları altında su erozyonu üzerine etkileri. İ Akalan Toprak ve Çevre Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Yönter, G., A. Taysun. 2004. Farklı Çaplardaki Taş Örtü Oranlarının Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Koşulları Altında Su Erozyonuna Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (3):185-196.
  • Yönter, G. 2010. Effects of polyvinyalcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) as soil conditioners on erosion by water and by splash under laboratory conditions. Ekoloji, 19 (77): 35-41.
  • Yönter, G., Uysal, H. 2011. Effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) applications on water erosion and crust formation for different types of soils in Menemen Plain, Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture& Environment. 9 (1): 642–647.
  • Yönter, G., Uysal, H. 2011. The relationships between soil erosion, and crust strengths to polyvinyalcohol (PVA) applications on different types of soils in Menemen Plain, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10 (28): 5496-5503.
  • Yönter, G. ve H. Uysal. 2016. Tütün atığının (serme ve karıştırma) tın bünyeli bir toprağın bazı erozyon parametreleri ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 53 (1): 11-17.
  • Zanchi, C. and D. Torri. 1980. Evaluation of rainfall energy in central Italy. In M. DeBoodt and D. Gabriels (eds.). Assessment of Erosion, p: 133-142, John Wiley and Sons, Toronto.
Year 2020, Volume: 57 Issue: 3, 351 - 358, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.580533

Abstract

References

  • Akalan, İ. 1967. Toprak Fiziksel Özellikleri ve Erozyon. A.Ü.Z.F. Yıllığı. (3-4): 490-503.
  • Akalan, İ. 1974. Toprak ve Su Muhafazası. A.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 532, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States of Department of Agricultural Handbook No: 18. United States Goverment Print Office, Washington.
  • Anonymous, 1999. SPSS 9 for Windows User’s Guide. Copyright 1999 by SPSS Inc., SPSS, Chicago, IL.
  • Bubenzer, G.D. and L.D. Meyer. 1965. Simulation of rainfall and soils for laboratory research. Trans. ASAE., 8: 73-75.
  • Chepil, W.S. 1954. The effect of synthetic conditioners on some phases of soil structure and erodobility by wind. Soil Science of Society of American Proceding. 18: 386-390.
  • Cochrane, B.H.W., J.M. Reichert, F.L.F. Eltz, and L.D. Norton. 2005. Controlling soil erosion and runoff with polyacrylamide and phosphogypsum on subtropical soil. Trans. ASAE. 48(1): 149-154.
  • DMİ., 2010. Turkish State Meteorological Service. http:// www.meteoroloji.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilçeleristatistik.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • DMİ., 2013. Turkish State Meteorological Service. http:// www.meteoroloji.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilçeleristatistik.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 23.06.2014.
  • Flanagan, D.C., L.D. Norton, J.R. Peterson, and K. Chaudhari. 2003. Using polyacrylamide to control erosion on agricultural and disturbed soils in rainfed areas. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (Ankery). 58(5): 301-311.
  • Gee, G.W. and J.V. Bauder. 1986. Particle Size Analysis, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 383-411, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Hunt, N. and R. Gilkes. 1992. Farm Monitoring Handbook. The University of Western Australia: Netherlands, WA.
  • Kempler, W.D. and R.C. Rosenau. 1986. Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution. In A. Klute et al., Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 425-442, 2nd Edition. Agronomy Monograf. Soil Science of America, Madison, USA.
  • Levy, G.J. and I. Rapp. 1999. Polymer effect on surface mechanical strenght of a crusting loessial soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 37(1): 91-101.
  • Margherita, E., G. Brunetti, C. Garcia-Izquierdo, F. Cavalcante, S. Fiore, and N. Senesi. 2006. Humic substances and clay minerals in organically-amended semi arid soils. Soil Science, 171 (4): 322-333.
  • Middleton, H.E. 1930. Properties of Soil Which Influence Soil Erosion. USDA Tech. Bul. No: 178.
  • Neal, J.H. 1938. The Effect of The Degree of Slope and Rainfall Characteristics on Runoff and Soil Erosion. Agr. Exp. St. Res. Bul., No: 280.
  • Nelson, R.E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 181-197, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. No: 9, 539-579, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Pansu, M. and J. Gautheyroux. 2006. Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
  • Piccolo, A. and J.S.C. Mbagwu. 1997. Exogenous humic substances as conditioners for the rehabilitation of degraded soils. Agro Food Industry Hı-Technology, 8 (2): 2-4.
  • Piccolo, A., G. Pietramellara and J.S.C. Mbagwu. 1997. Reduction in soil loss from erosion susceptible soils amended with humic substances from oxidized coal. Soil Technology, 10: 235-245.
  • Ritchey, K.D., L.D. Norton, A. Hass, J.M. Gonzalez and D.J. Snuffer. 2012. Effect of selected soil conditioners on soil properties, erosion, runoff and rye growth in nonfertile acid soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 67 (4): 264-274.
  • Sepeskhah, A.R. and A.R.J. Bazrafshan. 2006. Controlling runoff and erosion in sloping land with polyacrylamide under a rainfall simulator. Biosystems Engineering. 93(4): 469-474.
  • Schlichting, E. und H.P. Blume. 1966. Bodenkundliches Praktikum. 209 S., 35 Abb., 38 Tab.; P. Parey, Hamburg 1966; Preis: Kartoniert DM 32.
  • Sinkpehoun, T.H., Yönter, G. 2018. Effects of liquated humic substances on runoff, soil losses by runoff and by splash under artificial rainfall conditions. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 55 (1):59-65.
  • Takuma, K., K. Inosako, K. Kobayashi, and H. Muramoto. 2003. Erosion control effect of red soil such as Kunigamimaji soil by the addition of soil conditioner. Bulletin of The Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University. 56:7-11.
  • Taysun, A. 1986. Gediz Havzasında Rendzina Tarım Topraklarında Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Yardımıyla Taşlar, Bitki Artıkları ve Polivinilalkolün (PVA) Toprak Özellikleri ile Birlikte Erozyona Etkileri Üzerine Araştırmalar. E.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 474.
  • Taysun, A. 1989. Toprak ve Su Korunumu. E.Ü.Z.F. Teksir No: 92-III, Bornova.
  • Teo, J., R. Chittaranjan, S.A. El Swaify, J.C. Ascough, and D.C. Flanagan. 2001. Polymer effect on soil erosion reduction and water quality improvement for selected tropical soils. Soil Erosion Research for 21st Century Proceding of The International Symposium. 42-45; 11 ref. Honolulu, Hawaii-USA.
  • Uysal, H., A. Taysun, C. Köse. 1995. Toprak özellikleriyle birlikte kümeleşmeyi sağlayan bazı polimerlerin laboratuvar koşulları altında su erozyonu üzerine etkileri. İ Akalan Toprak ve Çevre Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Yönter, G., A. Taysun. 2004. Farklı Çaplardaki Taş Örtü Oranlarının Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Koşulları Altında Su Erozyonuna Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (3):185-196.
  • Yönter, G. 2010. Effects of polyvinyalcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) as soil conditioners on erosion by water and by splash under laboratory conditions. Ekoloji, 19 (77): 35-41.
  • Yönter, G., Uysal, H. 2011. Effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) applications on water erosion and crust formation for different types of soils in Menemen Plain, Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture& Environment. 9 (1): 642–647.
  • Yönter, G., Uysal, H. 2011. The relationships between soil erosion, and crust strengths to polyvinyalcohol (PVA) applications on different types of soils in Menemen Plain, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10 (28): 5496-5503.
  • Yönter, G. ve H. Uysal. 2016. Tütün atığının (serme ve karıştırma) tın bünyeli bir toprağın bazı erozyon parametreleri ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 53 (1): 11-17.
  • Zanchi, C. and D. Torri. 1980. Evaluation of rainfall energy in central Italy. In M. DeBoodt and D. Gabriels (eds.). Assessment of Erosion, p: 133-142, John Wiley and Sons, Toronto.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökçen Yönter 0000-0003-0823-1893

Marius H. Houndonougbo 0000-0003-3293-6885

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date June 21, 2019
Acceptance Date January 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 57 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yönter, G., & Houndonougbo, M. H. (2020). Comparing of the Effects of Liquated Humic Substance (LHS), Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) on Runoff and Soil Losses. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 57(3), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.580533

      27559           trdizin ile ilgili görsel sonucu                 27560                    Clarivate Analysis ile ilgili görsel sonucu            CABI logo                      NAL Catalog (AGRICOLA), ile ilgili görsel sonucu             EBSCO Information Services 

                                                       Creative Commons Lisansı This website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.