Research Article
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Landscape significance and value of Ankara's first public green space: Millet Garden

Year 2024, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 18.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1180900

Abstract

Objective: Some of the parliament buildings have public open and green spaces nearby. For instance, United States’ Capitol Building has Capitol Grounds, Germany’s Reichstag Building has Platz der Republik Park and Spreebogen Park, The Palace of Westminster of United Kingdom has Victoria Tower Gardens. These spaces originated as green public spaces associated with state. The parliament buildings are often landmarks. Their green spaces enhance the spatial quality. Green spaces make parliament buildings more attractive places to visit and work. There is no landscape architecture research on Türkiye’s first parliament building’s green space so called Millet Garden. The objective of this study is to identify historic features and evaluate components.
Material and Methods: The research is structured in qualitative research method and consists of four parts. The first part includes theoretical framework. The explanation of research design and the implementation of data collection method is the second part. The third part contains description of the site. The fourth part constitutes analyses the components of historic landscape in details.
Results: This study reveals the importance of the Millet Garden by evaluating it in terms of landscape architecture.
Conclusion: This study touches upon the importance and benefits of historic landscapes. Finally, the study revealed some directions for further studies.

References

  • Acar, D., 2013. Ankara City Guide. Ankara: Regional Directorate of Culture and Tourism. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection, 57 pp.
  • Andela, G., 1981. The public park in The Netherlands. The Journal of Garden History, 1 (4): 367-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1981.10412385
  • Ankara Aerial Photography, 1942. Aerial Photography Archive. General Command of Mapping, Ankara.
  • Ankara Settlement Map, 1924. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (H004). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Ankara Settlement Map, 1944. Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (H006). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1901. School for Educating Male Teachers Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (ACF0037). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1901. Ulus Square and its vicinity Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (0113). Koç University. Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1913. Duyun-u Umumiye Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (2439). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1920. Opening ceremony of the First National Assembly Photograph. Büyük Millet Meclisinin Açılışı ve Çalışmaları. (Web page: https://www.fikir.gen.tr/buyuk-millet-meclisinin-acilisi-ve-calismalari-23-nisan-1920) (Date accessed: June 2022)
  • Anonymous, 1935. İstasyon Street Photograp. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (2533). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 2015. TBMM Binaları. Basin ve Halkla iliskiler Daire Başkanligi. Ankara: TBMM Basimevi, 35 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2018. Elements of a roman-style pleasure garden. Life in Italy. (Web page: https://lifeinitaly.com/roman-garden) (Date accessed: April 2022)
  • Anonymous, 2022. Vatandaş ‘Meydan Olsun’ Dedi: Ulus Meydanı Ve 100. Yıl Çarşısı Anketi Sonuçlandı. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality News. (Web page: https://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/vatandas-meydan-olsun-dedi-ulus-meydani-ve-100-yil-carsisi-anketi-sonuclandi-15805) (Date accessed: November 2023)
  • Arkun, A. K., 2012. Ulus Historic City Center Cultural Landscape Components Change and Transformation. Dissertation, Ankara University Graduate School of Applied Sciences, Ankara, 458 pp.
  • Cangır, A., 2007. Cumhuriyetin Başkenti. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Yayınları, 1428 pp.
  • Christensen, A., 2005. Park. Dictionary of Landscape Architecture and Construction. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 479 pp.
  • Coşkun, B., Ç. Yıldırım & E. Şen, 2021. Osmanlı Belediyeciliğinin Dönüm Noktası: 1877 Tarihli Vilâyât Belediye Kanunu. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 30 (2): 1-20.
  • Dalley, S., 1993. Ancient Mesopotamian Gardens and the Identification of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Resolved. Garden History, 21 (1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1587050
  • Ellison, G., 1923. An Englishwoman in Angora. In Open WorldCat. Cambridge University Press. (Web page: https://www.worldcat.org/title/englishwoman-in-angora/oclc/967360252) (Date accessed: April 2022)
  • Erdoğan, A., G. Günel & A. Kılcı, 2007. Tarih İçinde Ankara. Ankara Tarihi ve Kültürü Dizisi, 1. Ankara: Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 335 pp.
  • Gadmer, F., 1922. Turquie, Angora, Palais de la Grande Assemblée [photograph]. Archives de la Planète Le département des Hauts-de-Seine, Paris.
  • Gardenvisit.com Garden Guide, 2021. Public park history. (Web page: https://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/library_online_ebooks/architecture_city_as_landscape/history_public_park) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Gardenvisit.com Garden Guide, 2022. Where was the world's first garden made?. (Web page: https://www.gardenvisit.com/blog/where-was-the-worlds-first-garden-made) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Görkay, K. & M. Kadıoğlu, 2007. Yeni Arkeolojik Araştırmalar Işığında MHTPOΠΟΛΙΣ THΣ ΓΑΛΑΤΙΑΣ: Ankyra, Anadolu/Anatolia. 32: 21-148.
  • Hinds, D. B., 1979. The Evolution of Urban Public Park Design in Europe and America: Vancouver Adaption to 1913. University of British Columbia, PhD Thesis, Vancouver, Canada, 198 pp.
  • Hussein, K., 1921. Lettres d’angora la sainte: avril-juin 1921. (Web page: http://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Lettres_d_Angora_la_sainte.html?id=71VFAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y) (Date accessed: April, 2022).
  • ICOMOS., 2017. Document on Historic Urban Public Parks. Final draft for distribution to the ICOMOS membership in view of submission to the 19th ICOMOS General Assembly. International Council on Monuments and Sites.
  • Jansen, H., 1928. Gesamtbebauungsplan Ankara. Technische Universität Berlin, Germany. (Web page: https://architekturmuseum.ub.tu-berlin.de/index.php?p=79&POS=7) (Date accessed: April 2022).
  • Kirby, D., 2015. Derby Arboretum: How Britain's first public park inspired open spaces around the world. The Independent. (Web page: https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/derby-arboretum-how-britain-s-first-public-park-inspired-open-spaces-around-the-world-10478207.html) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Lambert, T., 2021. A history of gardening. Local Histories. (Web page: https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-gardening) (Date accessed: October 2022).
  • Memlük, Y., 2009. “Bulvarın Yeşil Parçaları, 73-88”. In: Cumhuriyet Devrimi’nin Yolu Atatürk Bulvarı (Ed. H.Ç. Keskinok). Ankara: Koleksiyoncular Derneği.
  • Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Park. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/park
  • Oxford, A., L., D. (n.d.). Park. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/park_2
  • Sadeghian, M. M. & Z. Vardanyan, 2015. A brief review on urban park history, classification and function. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4 (11): 120-124.
  • Saglik, A., A. Kelkit, M. Temiz, M. E. Saglik, & M. Bayrak, 2019. Millet Bahçesi Kavramı: Kahramanmaraş İli Örneği. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12 (1): 11-30.
  • Tan, P. Y. & C. Y. Jim, 2017. Greening Cities. Springer Singapore, 356 pp.
  • The Department of Planning and Community Development, 2013. South West Victoria Landscape Assessment Study Regional Overview Report. Australia State Government of Victoria. (Web page: www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/south-west-landscape-assessment-study#documents) (Date accessed: May 2022)
  • Tunçer, M., 2019. Ankara'nın Kaybolan Doğal ve Kültürel Değerleri. Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (2): 108-138.
  • Turner, T., 2005. Garden History: Philosophy and Design 2000 BC-2000 AD. Routledge, New York, 304 pp.
  • Uludağ, Z., N. Çağlar & Z. Tuna Ultav, 2005. Conservation: re-building an urban consciousness. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, 25 (1): 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2005.10435332
  • Van Erp-Houtepen, A., 1986. The Etymological Origin of the Garden. Journal of Garden History, 8 (3): 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1986.10405170
  • Westerby, M., 2021. History of Early American Landscape Design. Washington National Gallery of Art. (Web page: https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title) (Date accessed: July 2022).
  • Yuhao, Y., 2022. The beauty of chinese gardens. (Web page: https://www.tas.org.sg/feature-walking-into-the-forbidden-city-4) (Date accessed: June 2022).

Ankara'nın ilk kamusal yeşil alanı peyzaj önemi ve değeri: Millet Bahçesi

Year 2024, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 18.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1180900

Abstract

Amaç: Bazı parlamento binalarının halka açık ve yeşil alanları bulunmaktadır. Bunlara örnek olarak, ABD’nin Capitol Binasının Capitol Grounds alanı, Almanya'nın Reichstag Binasının Platz der Republik Parkı ve Spreebogen Parkı, Büyük Britanya’nın The Westminster Sarayının Victoria Tower Bahçeleri verilebilir. Bu mekanlar, devletle ilişkili yeşil alanlar olarak ortaya çıkmış olup parlamento binaları genellikle sembolik yapılardır. Bu yapıların yeşil alanları mekansal kaliteyi artırmaktadır. Türkiye'nin ilk parlamento binasının Millet Bahçesi olarak adlandırılan halka açık yeşil alanı ile ilgili detaylı peyzaj mimarlığı araştırması bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırma tarihi özellikleri belirlemeyi, analiz etmeyi ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma alanı Ankara Ulus Millet Bahçesi Ankara'nın ilk tasarlanmış kamu parkı olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölüm teorik çerçeveyi içermektedir. Araştırma tasarımının açıklanması ve veri toplama yönteminin uygulanması ikinci bölümde yer almaktadır. Üçüncü bölüm araştırma alanının tanımını içermektedir. Dördüncü bölümde, tarihi kentsel peyzajın bileşenlerini detaylı olarak analiz edilmektedir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Bu araştırma, Millet Bahçesi’nin peyzaj mimarlığı disiplini açısından değerlendirerek önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma, Türkiye'deki tarihi kamusal alanların önemine ve yararlarına değinmektedir. Araştırma daha ileri çalışmalar için yönlendirme önerileriyle sonuçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Acar, D., 2013. Ankara City Guide. Ankara: Regional Directorate of Culture and Tourism. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection, 57 pp.
  • Andela, G., 1981. The public park in The Netherlands. The Journal of Garden History, 1 (4): 367-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1981.10412385
  • Ankara Aerial Photography, 1942. Aerial Photography Archive. General Command of Mapping, Ankara.
  • Ankara Settlement Map, 1924. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (H004). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Ankara Settlement Map, 1944. Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (H006). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1901. School for Educating Male Teachers Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (ACF0037). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1901. Ulus Square and its vicinity Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (0113). Koç University. Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1913. Duyun-u Umumiye Photograph. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (2439). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1920. Opening ceremony of the First National Assembly Photograph. Büyük Millet Meclisinin Açılışı ve Çalışmaları. (Web page: https://www.fikir.gen.tr/buyuk-millet-meclisinin-acilisi-ve-calismalari-23-nisan-1920) (Date accessed: June 2022)
  • Anonymous, 1935. İstasyon Street Photograp. Ankara Photograph, Postcard and Engraving Collection (2533). Koç University Vehbi Koç Ankara Studies Research Center (VEKAM), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 2015. TBMM Binaları. Basin ve Halkla iliskiler Daire Başkanligi. Ankara: TBMM Basimevi, 35 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2018. Elements of a roman-style pleasure garden. Life in Italy. (Web page: https://lifeinitaly.com/roman-garden) (Date accessed: April 2022)
  • Anonymous, 2022. Vatandaş ‘Meydan Olsun’ Dedi: Ulus Meydanı Ve 100. Yıl Çarşısı Anketi Sonuçlandı. Ankara Metropolitan Municipality News. (Web page: https://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/vatandas-meydan-olsun-dedi-ulus-meydani-ve-100-yil-carsisi-anketi-sonuclandi-15805) (Date accessed: November 2023)
  • Arkun, A. K., 2012. Ulus Historic City Center Cultural Landscape Components Change and Transformation. Dissertation, Ankara University Graduate School of Applied Sciences, Ankara, 458 pp.
  • Cangır, A., 2007. Cumhuriyetin Başkenti. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Yayınları, 1428 pp.
  • Christensen, A., 2005. Park. Dictionary of Landscape Architecture and Construction. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 479 pp.
  • Coşkun, B., Ç. Yıldırım & E. Şen, 2021. Osmanlı Belediyeciliğinin Dönüm Noktası: 1877 Tarihli Vilâyât Belediye Kanunu. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 30 (2): 1-20.
  • Dalley, S., 1993. Ancient Mesopotamian Gardens and the Identification of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Resolved. Garden History, 21 (1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1587050
  • Ellison, G., 1923. An Englishwoman in Angora. In Open WorldCat. Cambridge University Press. (Web page: https://www.worldcat.org/title/englishwoman-in-angora/oclc/967360252) (Date accessed: April 2022)
  • Erdoğan, A., G. Günel & A. Kılcı, 2007. Tarih İçinde Ankara. Ankara Tarihi ve Kültürü Dizisi, 1. Ankara: Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 335 pp.
  • Gadmer, F., 1922. Turquie, Angora, Palais de la Grande Assemblée [photograph]. Archives de la Planète Le département des Hauts-de-Seine, Paris.
  • Gardenvisit.com Garden Guide, 2021. Public park history. (Web page: https://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/library_online_ebooks/architecture_city_as_landscape/history_public_park) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Gardenvisit.com Garden Guide, 2022. Where was the world's first garden made?. (Web page: https://www.gardenvisit.com/blog/where-was-the-worlds-first-garden-made) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Görkay, K. & M. Kadıoğlu, 2007. Yeni Arkeolojik Araştırmalar Işığında MHTPOΠΟΛΙΣ THΣ ΓΑΛΑΤΙΑΣ: Ankyra, Anadolu/Anatolia. 32: 21-148.
  • Hinds, D. B., 1979. The Evolution of Urban Public Park Design in Europe and America: Vancouver Adaption to 1913. University of British Columbia, PhD Thesis, Vancouver, Canada, 198 pp.
  • Hussein, K., 1921. Lettres d’angora la sainte: avril-juin 1921. (Web page: http://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Lettres_d_Angora_la_sainte.html?id=71VFAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y) (Date accessed: April, 2022).
  • ICOMOS., 2017. Document on Historic Urban Public Parks. Final draft for distribution to the ICOMOS membership in view of submission to the 19th ICOMOS General Assembly. International Council on Monuments and Sites.
  • Jansen, H., 1928. Gesamtbebauungsplan Ankara. Technische Universität Berlin, Germany. (Web page: https://architekturmuseum.ub.tu-berlin.de/index.php?p=79&POS=7) (Date accessed: April 2022).
  • Kirby, D., 2015. Derby Arboretum: How Britain's first public park inspired open spaces around the world. The Independent. (Web page: https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/derby-arboretum-how-britain-s-first-public-park-inspired-open-spaces-around-the-world-10478207.html) (Date accessed: May 2022).
  • Lambert, T., 2021. A history of gardening. Local Histories. (Web page: https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-gardening) (Date accessed: October 2022).
  • Memlük, Y., 2009. “Bulvarın Yeşil Parçaları, 73-88”. In: Cumhuriyet Devrimi’nin Yolu Atatürk Bulvarı (Ed. H.Ç. Keskinok). Ankara: Koleksiyoncular Derneği.
  • Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Park. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/park
  • Oxford, A., L., D. (n.d.). Park. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/park_2
  • Sadeghian, M. M. & Z. Vardanyan, 2015. A brief review on urban park history, classification and function. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4 (11): 120-124.
  • Saglik, A., A. Kelkit, M. Temiz, M. E. Saglik, & M. Bayrak, 2019. Millet Bahçesi Kavramı: Kahramanmaraş İli Örneği. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12 (1): 11-30.
  • Tan, P. Y. & C. Y. Jim, 2017. Greening Cities. Springer Singapore, 356 pp.
  • The Department of Planning and Community Development, 2013. South West Victoria Landscape Assessment Study Regional Overview Report. Australia State Government of Victoria. (Web page: www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/south-west-landscape-assessment-study#documents) (Date accessed: May 2022)
  • Tunçer, M., 2019. Ankara'nın Kaybolan Doğal ve Kültürel Değerleri. Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (2): 108-138.
  • Turner, T., 2005. Garden History: Philosophy and Design 2000 BC-2000 AD. Routledge, New York, 304 pp.
  • Uludağ, Z., N. Çağlar & Z. Tuna Ultav, 2005. Conservation: re-building an urban consciousness. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, 25 (1): 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2005.10435332
  • Van Erp-Houtepen, A., 1986. The Etymological Origin of the Garden. Journal of Garden History, 8 (3): 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1986.10405170
  • Westerby, M., 2021. History of Early American Landscape Design. Washington National Gallery of Art. (Web page: https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php?title) (Date accessed: July 2022).
  • Yuhao, Y., 2022. The beauty of chinese gardens. (Web page: https://www.tas.org.sg/feature-walking-into-the-forbidden-city-4) (Date accessed: June 2022).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Kemal Arkun 0000-0001-7409-9312

Early Pub Date April 18, 2024
Publication Date April 18, 2024
Submission Date September 27, 2022
Acceptance Date February 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 61 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arkun, A. K. (2024). Landscape significance and value of Ankara’s first public green space: Millet Garden. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1180900

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