." />" />" /> 12. Holmesland, Oddvar. (2013). Utopian Negotiation: Aphra Behn and Margaret Cavendish." />" />." />" />" />
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CARNIVAL, LIBERTINISM, SEXUALITY, AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE RESTORED KING IN APHRA BEHN’S THE ROVER

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 62 - 74, 01.12.2015

Öz

AphraBehn’s
The Rover or the Banished Cavaliers, one of the prominent plays of the
Restoration comedy, deals with male-female relationships, libertinism and the
carvinalesque. After the puritan rule in Britain was overthrown, the
restrictive laws imposed on social life by the Puritan views were also
dismissed. Quite contrary to the conservative values of puritanism, the
restored period was marked by its pleasure-seeking ruler. The king reopened
theaters and abolished the strict laws that Cromwell had enacted to restrict
the way people lived. Bringing freedom to the society, Charles II freely
enjoyed mistresses and pleasure – hence his nickname “The Merry Monarch.” In
the play, the parallels between the male characters and hedonistic court of the
restored king are quite evident as the libertine lifestyle adopted by male
characters is exposed and even criticized. 
The play, also centres the themes of marriage, ideal love and vitality
of female subjectivity in a patriarchal society in which females are seen as the
objects or the other rather than being the subjects or parts of any social
life. Further, Behn focuses on the concept of de-masculinisation of sexual
desires by men as she thinks that women should also have equality and freedom
to express their desires and do what they want. This paper aims to discuss the
ways in which the play mirrors the seventeenth century's displeased approach to
female subjectivity in social life after the collapse of Puritan Protectorate
and Behn’s harsh criticism of this approach by creating female characters that
are witty, mentally strong and confident of their desires. 

Kaynakça

  • 1. "Additional Information on Charles II (b.1630 R.1660-1685)." (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from <http://www.explore-parliament.net/nssMovies/04/0458/0458_.htm>.
  • 2. Bakhtin, Mikhail. (1984) Rabelais and His World. (Helene Iswolsky, Trans.). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • 3. Barnet, Sylvan. (Eds., et al). (2000) Types of Drama. New York: Longman.
  • 4. Beach, Adam R. (2004) "Carnival Politics, Generous Satire, and Nationalist Spectacle in Behn’s The Rover." Eighteenth-Century Life 28(3), 1. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from Project MUSE database <https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/eighteenthcentury_life/v028/28.3beach.html>
  • 5. Behn, Aphra. (1995). The Rover. (Marion Lomax, Ed.). London: A&C Black New Mermaids.
  • 6. Behn, Aphra (1999) (Simon Trussler, and John Barton, Eds.). The Rover or, the Banished Cavaliers. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.
  • 7. Danow, David Keevin. (1995). The Spirit of Carnival: Magical Realism and the Grotesque. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • 8. De Krey, Gary S. (2007). "The Culture of the Court." Restoration and Revolution in Britain. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • 9. Fletcher Bellinge, Martha. (n.d.) "Restoration Drama." Theatre History. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. Retrieved November 22, 2014, from <http://www.theatrehistory.com/british/restoration_drama_001.html>
  • 10. Gorfain, Phyllis. (1998). “Towards a Theory of Play and the Carnivalesque in Hamlet.” Shakespeare and Carnival: After Bakhtin. (Ronald Knowles, Ed.). London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • 11. Harris, Tim. (2005, June). “Charles II: The Reality Behind the Merry Monarchy." History Today. 55 (6). Retrieved October 21, 2014, from <http://www.historytoday.com/tim-harris/charles-ii-reality-behind-merry-monarchy> 12. Holmesland, Oddvar. (2013). Utopian Negotiation: Aphra Behn and Margaret Cavendish.
  • Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. Retrieved October 23, 2014, from Project MUSE database <https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780815652083>
  • 13. Lombardi, Esther. (2014, November 20). “Spy Turned Writer - Aphra Behn”. Abouteducation. Message posted to <http://classiclit.about.com/od/behnaphra/a/aa_spy_abehn.htm>
  • 14. Longsttafe, Stephen. (1998). “A Short Report and Not Otherwise: Jack Cade in 2 Henry VI.” Shakespeare and Carnival: After Bakhtin. (Ronald Knowles, Ed.). London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • 15. Nelson, Christopher W. (2012, January). "Perception, Power, Plays and Print: Charles II and the Restoration Theatre of Consensus." Louisiana State University. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from < http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04262012-221519/>
  • 16. Savile, George, Marquis of Halifax. (1750) A Character of King Charles the Second: And Political, Moral and Miscellaneous Thoughts and Reflections. London: J. and R. Tonson and S. Draper in the Strand.
  • 17. Southcombe, George, and Grant Tapsell. (2010). Restoration Politics, Religion and Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • 18. Staves, Susan. (2004). “Behn, Women, and Society.” The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn. Eds. Derek Hughes and Janet Todd. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. 12-28.
  • 19. Stott, Andrew McConnell. (2005). Comedy. New York: Routledge.
  • 20. Szilagyi, Stephen. (1998). "The Sexual Politics of Behn's "Rover": After Patriarchy." Studies in Philology, 95(4), 435-55. Retrieved from JSTOR database <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4174621>.
  • 21. "The Rover." (2003). Drama for Students. Retrieved October 7, 2014 from Encyclopedia.com. <http://www.encyclopedia.com>
  • 22. Thirsk, Joan. (1976). The Restoration. London: Oxford.
  • 23. Webster, Jeremy W. (2012). "In And Out Of The Bed-Chamber: Staging Libertine Desire In Restoration Comedy." Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 12(2), 77-96. Retrieved October 9, 2014, from MLA International Bibliography https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_for_early_modern_cultural_studies/v012/12.2.webster.pdf
  • 24. Wiseman, S. J. (1996). Aphra Behn. Plymouth: Northcote House in Association with the British Council.
  • 25. "Women in the Restoration Theatre." (n.d.) Politics, Literary Culture, & Theatrical Media in London. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from <http://www.london.umb.edu/index.php/entry_detail/women_in_the_restoration_theatre/theatre_intro/>

CARNIVAL, LIBERTINISM, SEXUALITY, AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE RESTORED KING IN APHRA BEHN’S THE ROVER

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 62 - 74, 01.12.2015

Öz

AphraBehn’s The Rover or the Banished Cavaliers, one of the prominent plays of the Restoration comedy, deals with male-female relationships, libertinism and the carvinalesque. After the puritan rule in Britain was overthrown, the restrictive laws imposed on social life by the Puritan views were also dismissed. Quite contrary to the conservative values of puritanism, the restored period was marked by its pleasure-seeking ruler. The king reopened theaters and abolished the strict laws that Cromwell had enacted to restrict the way people lived. Bringing freedom to the society, Charles II freely enjoyed mistresses and pleasure – hence his nickname “The Merry Monarch.” In the play, the parallels between the male characters and hedonistic court of the restored king are quite evident as the libertine lifestyle adopted by male characters is exposed and even criticized. The play, also centres the themes of marriage, ideal love and vitality of female subjectivity in a patriarchal society in which females are seen as the objects or the other rather than being the subjects or parts of any social life. Further, Behn focuses on the concept of de-masculinisation of sexual desires by men as she thinks that women should also have equality and freedom to express their desires and do what they want. This paper aims to discuss the ways in which the play mirrors the seventeenth century's displeased approach to female subjectivity in social life after the collapse of Puritan Protectorate and Behn’s harsh criticism of this approach by creating female characters that are witty, mentally strong and confident of their desires.

Kaynakça

  • 1. "Additional Information on Charles II (b.1630 R.1660-1685)." (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from <http://www.explore-parliament.net/nssMovies/04/0458/0458_.htm>.
  • 2. Bakhtin, Mikhail. (1984) Rabelais and His World. (Helene Iswolsky, Trans.). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • 3. Barnet, Sylvan. (Eds., et al). (2000) Types of Drama. New York: Longman.
  • 4. Beach, Adam R. (2004) "Carnival Politics, Generous Satire, and Nationalist Spectacle in Behn’s The Rover." Eighteenth-Century Life 28(3), 1. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from Project MUSE database <https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/eighteenthcentury_life/v028/28.3beach.html>
  • 5. Behn, Aphra. (1995). The Rover. (Marion Lomax, Ed.). London: A&C Black New Mermaids.
  • 6. Behn, Aphra (1999) (Simon Trussler, and John Barton, Eds.). The Rover or, the Banished Cavaliers. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.
  • 7. Danow, David Keevin. (1995). The Spirit of Carnival: Magical Realism and the Grotesque. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • 8. De Krey, Gary S. (2007). "The Culture of the Court." Restoration and Revolution in Britain. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • 9. Fletcher Bellinge, Martha. (n.d.) "Restoration Drama." Theatre History. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. Retrieved November 22, 2014, from <http://www.theatrehistory.com/british/restoration_drama_001.html>
  • 10. Gorfain, Phyllis. (1998). “Towards a Theory of Play and the Carnivalesque in Hamlet.” Shakespeare and Carnival: After Bakhtin. (Ronald Knowles, Ed.). London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • 11. Harris, Tim. (2005, June). “Charles II: The Reality Behind the Merry Monarchy." History Today. 55 (6). Retrieved October 21, 2014, from <http://www.historytoday.com/tim-harris/charles-ii-reality-behind-merry-monarchy> 12. Holmesland, Oddvar. (2013). Utopian Negotiation: Aphra Behn and Margaret Cavendish.
  • Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. Retrieved October 23, 2014, from Project MUSE database <https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780815652083>
  • 13. Lombardi, Esther. (2014, November 20). “Spy Turned Writer - Aphra Behn”. Abouteducation. Message posted to <http://classiclit.about.com/od/behnaphra/a/aa_spy_abehn.htm>
  • 14. Longsttafe, Stephen. (1998). “A Short Report and Not Otherwise: Jack Cade in 2 Henry VI.” Shakespeare and Carnival: After Bakhtin. (Ronald Knowles, Ed.). London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • 15. Nelson, Christopher W. (2012, January). "Perception, Power, Plays and Print: Charles II and the Restoration Theatre of Consensus." Louisiana State University. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from < http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04262012-221519/>
  • 16. Savile, George, Marquis of Halifax. (1750) A Character of King Charles the Second: And Political, Moral and Miscellaneous Thoughts and Reflections. London: J. and R. Tonson and S. Draper in the Strand.
  • 17. Southcombe, George, and Grant Tapsell. (2010). Restoration Politics, Religion and Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • 18. Staves, Susan. (2004). “Behn, Women, and Society.” The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn. Eds. Derek Hughes and Janet Todd. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. 12-28.
  • 19. Stott, Andrew McConnell. (2005). Comedy. New York: Routledge.
  • 20. Szilagyi, Stephen. (1998). "The Sexual Politics of Behn's "Rover": After Patriarchy." Studies in Philology, 95(4), 435-55. Retrieved from JSTOR database <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4174621>.
  • 21. "The Rover." (2003). Drama for Students. Retrieved October 7, 2014 from Encyclopedia.com. <http://www.encyclopedia.com>
  • 22. Thirsk, Joan. (1976). The Restoration. London: Oxford.
  • 23. Webster, Jeremy W. (2012). "In And Out Of The Bed-Chamber: Staging Libertine Desire In Restoration Comedy." Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 12(2), 77-96. Retrieved October 9, 2014, from MLA International Bibliography https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_for_early_modern_cultural_studies/v012/12.2.webster.pdf
  • 24. Wiseman, S. J. (1996). Aphra Behn. Plymouth: Northcote House in Association with the British Council.
  • 25. "Women in the Restoration Theatre." (n.d.) Politics, Literary Culture, & Theatrical Media in London. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from <http://www.london.umb.edu/index.php/entry_detail/women_in_the_restoration_theatre/theatre_intro/>
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gül Kurtuluş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurtuluş, G. (2015). CARNIVAL, LIBERTINISM, SEXUALITY, AND THE REPRESENTATION OF THE RESTORED KING IN APHRA BEHN’S THE ROVER. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 62-74.

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 

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