The Discouraged Worker Effect and the Added Worker Effect within the Framework of European Debt Crisis

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 522 - 534, 22.01.2019

Armağan Türk Rengin Ak

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.425024

Öz

The debt crisis experienced in Europe has had
several adverse effects on economies of countries. Employment is one of the
adversely affected areas. The relationship between the labor force
participation rate and unemployment is essentially examined within the
framework of two hypotheses. These hypotheses are “The Discouraged Worker
Effect” and “The Added Worker Effect”. The discouraged worker effect
anticipates that workers looking for employment for extended periods of time
will withdraw from the labor market due to losing hope in periods of economic
recession. According to this hypothesis, it is expected that the labor force
participation rate will increase once the unemployment rate decreases and vice
versa. The added worker effect anticipates that if the worker who provides the
livelihood of the family becomes unemployed, other members of the family will
participate in the labor market. According to this hypothesis, it is expected
that the labor force participation rate will decrease once the unemployment
rate decreases and vice versa. This study aims to test whether these two
effects apply to selected Euro zone countries (PIIGGS-Portugal, Ireland, Italy,
Greece, Great Britain, Spain) during the European Debt Crisis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Discouraged Worker Effect, Added Worker Effect

Avrupa Borç Krizi Çerçevesinde Cesareti Kırılmış İşçi Etkisi ve İlave-İşçi Etkisi

Öz

Avrupa’da yaşanan borç krizinin ülke ekonomileri üzerinde
birçok olumsuz etkisi olmuştur. Bu olumsuz etkilerden biride istihdam
üzerinedir. Literatürde işgücüne katılma oranı ile işsizlik arasındaki ilişki
temelde iki hipotez çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu hipotezler “Cesareti
Kırılmış İşçi Etkisi” ve “İlave –İşçi Etkisi”dir. Cesareti kırılmış işçi
etkisine göre ekonomik durgunluğun olduğu dönemlerde uzun süredir iş arayan
bireylerin iş bulma ümidini yitirmeleri sonucunda emek piyasalarından
ayrılacağını öngörmektedir. Bu öngörüde işsizlik oranı azaldığında işgücüne
katılma oranının artacağı ya da tersi durumun oluşması beklenmektedir.
İlave-işçi etkisi ise yine ekonomik durgunluğun olduğu dönemlerde ailenin
geçimini sağlayan kişinin işsiz kalması sonucu diğer aile bireylerinin emek
piyasasına katılacağını öngörmektedir. Bu öngörüde işsizlik oranı azaldığında
işgücüne katılma oranının da azalacağı ya da tersi durumun oluşması
beklenmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu iki etkinin Avrupa borç krizinde seçilmiş Euro
bölgesi ülkelerinde (PIIGGS-Portekiz, İrlanda, İtalya, Yunanistan, Birleşik
Krallık, İspanya) geçerli olup olmadığı test edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cesareti kırılmış işçi etkisi, İlave-işçi etkisi

Kaynakça

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