Buz Tırmanışı Yapan Dağcıların Yaşam Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 25 - 34, 30.06.2019

Burak Gürer

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.553947

Cited By: 1

Öz

Buz tırmanışı risklerin olduğu, kazaların ve ölümlerin
yaşandığı riskli bir spordur. Bu yüzden bu sporu yapanların yaşam tarzları,
kişilik özellikleri, karar verme becerileri gibi özellikleri merak edilmektedir.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, buz tırmanışı yapan sporcuların yaşam kalitesine etki
eden nedenleri incelemektir. Araştırma verileri 22-26 Ocak 2016 tarihlerinde
Erzurum’da yapılan 2. Uluslararası Emrah Özbay buz tırmanışı festivalinde
araştırmacı tarafından toplanmıştır. Araştırmada amaçsal örneklem tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 93 (77 erkek, 16 kadın) sporcu katılmıştır.
Araştırmada Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından geliştirilmiş olan WHOQOL-BREF
(Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Kısaltılmış Versiyonu)
kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği Eser vd., (1999)
tarafından yapılmıştır. Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı .87 olarak
bulunmuştur. Toplanan veriler istatistiksel paket program (SPSS 22.0)
aracılığıyla analiz edilip sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin
değerlendirilmesinde t-testi ve One Way Anova analizi kullanılmıştır. Tırmanış
deneyimi ve eğitim durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklara
ulaşılmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet, meslek ve medeni durum değişkenine göre
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar bulunamamıştır. Buz tırmanış deneyimi
fazla olanların genel yaşam kalitelerinin ve sağlıklarının daha iyi olduğu
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Her ne kadar buz tırmanışı yeni bir branş olsa da
deneyim yaşam kalitesini ve sağlığı etkilemektedir. Yine deneyimi fazla olan
sporcuların psikolojik alan değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yani
tırmanış sırasında ve ortamında olumlu duyguların, düşünme, öğrenme ve
dikkatini toplamanın bu alan puanını yükselttiğini düşünülmüştür. Eğitim
düzeyinde, çevresel alanda lisansüstü eğitime sahip olanlar lehine sonuçlar
bulunmuştur. Yani maddi kaynaklar, fiziksel güvenlik ve emniyet, ev ortamı,
yeni bilgi ve beceri edinme fırsatları lisansüstü eğitime sahip olanlar için daha
önemlidir. Sonuçta deneyimli olmak ve eğitim durumunun buz tırmanışı yapan
dağcıların yaşam kalitesine etki ettiği ortaya konmuştur. Genel olarak buz
tırmanışı yapanların yaşam kalitesinin iyi olduğu söylenebilir. Buz tırmanışı
yüksek efor istemekte ve buna bağlı olarak ta yaşam kalitesinin iyi olması
gerekmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buz tırmanışı, Yaşam kalitesi, Dağcılık, doğa sporları

Investigation of the Life Quality of Mountaineers in Ice Climbers

Öz

Ice climbing is a risky sports in which accidents and
deaths are experienced. Therefore,
it is to wondered about the characteristics such as life style, personality
characteristics and decision making abilities of those who goes this sports. The aim of this study is to examine
the reasons that have effects ice climbing athletes' Quality of life. The data was collected by the
researchers during the 2^nd International Emrah Özbay Ice Climbing Festival held in Erzurum
on 22-26 January 2016. In this research purposive sampling technique was used.
In this research, 93 (77 males, 16 females)
athletes have participated. The
WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of LifeScale Abbreviated
Version) developed by the World
Health Organization was used in the study.
The validity and reliability of the scale in Turkish was assessed by Eser
et al. (1999). Cronbach Alpha
internal consistency coefficient was.87.
The collected data were analyzed by statistical package program (SPSS 22.0)
and the results were evaluated. The t-test and One Way Anova analysis
were used in the evaluation of the research data. Statistically significant differences were obtained according to
the climbing experience and educational status. There were no-statistically significant differences according to
age, gender, occupation and marital status variable. It is observed that people who have more ice climbing experience
have better overall quality of life
and health. Although ice climbing is
a new branch, the experience affects quality of life and health and again, it
was seen that the psychological field values of the athletes with more
experience were higher. So, it is
thought that collecting positive emotions, thinking, learning and attention
during the climb and in the
environment raised the score of this area.
In terms of educational status, there are favorable results for those who
have master’s degree in the
environmental area. In other words,
material resources, physical security and safety, home environment,
opportunities to acquire new knowledge and skills are more important for those
who have master graduate education. As
a result, it can be said that having experience and educational status have an impact on the quality of life ofice
climbers. Generally, it can be said that the quality of life of the ice climbers
are good. Ice climbing requires high effort and accordingly the quality of life
must be good.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ice climbing, quality of life, mountaineering, outdoor sports

Kaynakça

• Anderson, M. (2010). Estimating the economic value of ice climbing in Hyalite Canyon: An application of travel cost count data models that account for excess zeros. Journal of Environmental Management, 91 (4), 1012–1020. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.010.
• Aşçı, F.H., Demirhan, G., & Dinç, S.C. (2007). Psychological profile of Turkish rock climbers: An examination of climbing experience and route difficulty. Perceptual and motor skills, 104(3), 892-900.
• Biçer, M., ve Akkuş, H. (2005). Futbolcularda hazırlık dönemi çalışmalarının bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreler üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 27-34.
• Brajsa-Zganec, A., Merkas, M., & Sverko, I. (2011). Quality of life and leisure activities: How do leisure activities contribute to subjective well-being? Social Indicators Research, 102(1), 81–91.
• Boyd, J., Haegeli, P., Abu-Laban, R.B., Shuster, M., Butt, J.C. (2009). Patterns of death among avalanche fatalities: a 21-year review. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(5), 507-512.
• Burtscher, M., Nachbauer, W., & Schröcksnadel, P. (1997). Risk of traumatic death during downhill skiing compared with that during mountaineering. (Ed. R. Johnson, C. Mote, and A. Ekeland). In Skiing Trauma and Safety: Eleventh Volume. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1520/STP18285S.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Cooley, S.J, Burns V.E., Cumming, J. (2015). The Role of outdoor adventure education in facilitating groupwork in higher education. High Education, 69 (4), 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9791-4.
• Eser, E., Fidaner, H., Fidaner, C., Eser, S.Y., Elbi, H., ve Göker, E. (1999). WHOQOL-100 ve WHOQOL-BREF’in psikometrik özellikleri. 3P Dergisi, 7(Ek 2), 23-40.
• Fix, P., & Loomis, J. (1997). The economic benefits of mountain biking at one of its meccas: an application of the travel cost method to mountain biking in Moab, Utah. Journal of Leisure Research 29, 342–352.
• Genç, A., Şener, Ü., Karabacak, H., & Üçok, K. (2011). Kadın ve erkek genç erişkinler arasında fiziksel aktivite ve yaşam kalitesi farklılıklarının araştırılması. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 12, 145-150.
• Godbey, G. (2009). Outdoor Recreation, Health, and Wellness: Understanding and Enhancing the Relationship. RFF (Resources for the Future) Discussion Paper No. 09-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1408694
• Gürer, B. (2017). The Research about reasons of mountaineers' attend to ice climbing and its effects on their self-confidence. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(8), 501-515.
• Gürer, B., & Yıldız, M. E. (2015). Investigation of sport rock climbers' handgrip strength. Biology of Exercise, 11(2), 55-71.
• Immonen, T., Brymer, E., Orth, D., Davids, K., Feletti, F., Liukkonen, J., & Jaakkola T. (2017). Understanding action and adventure sports participation-an ecological dynamics perspective. Sports Medicine-Open, 3(18), 1-7.
• Jack, S.J., & Ronan, K.R. (1998). Sensation seeking among high and low risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(6), 1063-1083.
• Leung, L. & Lee, P.S. (2005). Multiple determinants of life quality: The roles of Internet activities, use of new media, social support, and leisure activities. Telematics and Informatics, 22(3), 161-180.
• Lowe, J. (1996). Ice World: Techniques and Experiences of Modern Ice Climbing. Seattle: The Mountaineers.
• Martha, C., Sanchez, X. & Freixanet, M.G. (2009). Risk perception as a function of risk exposure amongst rock climbers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 193-200.
• McKenzie, M.D. (2000). How are adventure education program outcomes achieved?: A review of the literatüre. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 5(1), 19-28.
• McVeigh, S.A., Hitzig, S.L. & Craven, B.C. (2009). Influence of sport participation on community integration and quality of life: A Comparison between sport participants and non-sport participants with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med., 32(2),115-124.
• Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning as transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Mosimann, U. (2006). Notfälle beim Eisklettern. Bergundsteigen, 1(4), 70–73.
• Moynier, J. (2004). Herkes için dağcılık. İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat.
• Nourshahi, M., Abdoli, B., Rajaeian, A.R., Rahmani, H., Zahedi, H., Arefirad, T., & Kaviyani M. (2011). Effects of mountaineering on physical fitness and quality of life in aged people. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(3), 149-157.
• Olivier, S. (2006). Moral dilemmas of participation in dangerous leisure activities. Leisure Studies, 25(1), 95-109.
• Ormel, J., Lindenberg, S., Steverink, N., & Vonkorff, M. (1997). Quality of life and social production functions: A framework for understanding health effects. Social science & medicine, 45(7), 1051-1063.
• Outdoor Industry Foundation. (2006). Outdoor Recreation Participation Study for 2005. (Eighth ed.) Outdoor Industry Foundation, Boulder, CO.
• Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: A Conceptual framework for research, Tourism Management, 27(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.08.003.
• Schöffl, V., Schöffl, I., Schwarz, U., Hennig, F., & Küpper, T. (2009). Injury-risk evaluation in water ice climbing. Med Sport, 13(4), 210–218.
• Schöffl, V., Morrison, A., Schwarz, U., Schöffl, I., & Küpper, T. (2010). Evaluation of injury and fatality risk in rock and ice climbing. Sports Medicine, 40(8), 657-679.
• Schöffl, V. (2012). Rock and Ice Climbing. Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries. (Ed: Omer Mei-Dan and Michael R Carmont). In Adventure and extreme sports injuries: epidemiology, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention. London: Springer Science & Business Media. 7-35.
• Seifert, L., Wattebled, L., Herault, R., Poizat, G., Adé, D., Gal-Petitfaux, N., & Davids, K. (2014). Neurobiological degeneracy and affordance perception support functional intra-individual variability of inter-limb coordination during ice climbing. PloS one, 9(2), 1-12.
• Skevington, S.M. (2010). Qualities of life, educational level and human development: an international investigation of health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 45(10), 999-1009.
• Skevington, S.M., Loftly M. & O’Connell K.A. (2003). The World Health Organization’s Whoqol-Bref Quality of Life Assesment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial a report from The WHOQOL Group. Quality of Life Research 13, 299-310.
• Voigt, D. (1998). Spor Sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Kurtiş Matbaacılık.
• Yaran, M., Ağaoğlu, S. A., ve Tural, E. (2017). Spor alışkanlığı olan ve olmayan üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku ve yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 5(2), 73-78.
• Yıldız, K., Güzel, P., Çetinöz, F., & Beşikçi, T. (2017). Outdoor camp effects on athletes: Orienteering example. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 1(104), 55-64.
• Young, P.R., & Knight, E.L. (2014). Use of psychological skills by risk sport athletes. Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 11(2), Article 2.
• Wagner, R.J., Baldwin, T.T., & Roland, C.C. (1991). Outdoor training: Revolution or fad?. Training & Development Journal, 45(3), 51–55.