Araştırma Makalesi
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Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde AR-GE Harcamalarının Büyüme Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 105 - 130, 06.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.337318

Öz

AR-GE faaliyetleri ve bunun devamında ortaya çıkan
teknolojik gelişme sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın en önemli
unsurlarından birisidir. Birçok ülke gelişmişliğe giden yolda AR-GE
yatırımlarının önemini fark etmiş, çeşitli teşvik politikaları ve yasal
düzenlemelerle yeni bir sistem oluşturarak bu alandaki eksikliklerini kapatma
çabası içine girmişlerdir.
Çalışmanın
amacı, seçilmiş OECD ülkeleri kullanılarak (Fransa, İtalya, Slovenya ve
Polonya) 1996-2015 dönemi için Ar-Ge harcamaları ve GSYİH arasındaki ilişkiyi
VAR analizi yardımıyla araştırmaktır. Çalışmada önce durağanlığın belirlenmesi
için Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) ve Philliphs Perron (PP) birim kök testi
yapılmıştır. Birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre tüm serilerin seviye aşamasında
durağan oldukları görülmüştür. Varyans
ayrıştırma ve etki-tepki fonksiyonlarına ait sonuçlar, Ar-Ge’deki herhangi bir
değişmenin GSYİH dengesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etki yapmadığını, ancak GSYH’nin Ar-Ge üzerinde
anlamlı bir etki yaptığı göstermektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Alene, A. D., 2012, Productivity Growth and the Effects of R&D in African Agriculture, Aggricultural Economics, 41, pp 223-238.
  • Anlağan, Ö., (2011), Temel Ar-Ge ve Yenilik kavramları, 27 Ocak, Ankara, http://www.emo.org.tr
  • Bilbao-Osorio, B. & Rodriguez-Pose, A., 2004, From R&D To Innovation and Economic Growth In The EU, Growth and Change, 35 (4), pp.434-455.
  • Ceo, D. T. & Helpman, E., 1995, International R&D Spillovers, European Economic Review, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 859-887.
  • Çapanoğlu, S. G., 2010, Geçmişten Günümüze Lizbon Stratejisi ve 2020 İçin Yeni Bir Vizyon Işığında AB 20 Stratejisi, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Değerlendirme Notu, No: 12, Nisan, http://www.ikv.org.tr
  • Eid, A., 2012, Higher Education R&D and Productivity Growth: An Emprical Study on High Income OECD Countries, Education Economics, 20(1), pp.53-68.
  • European Commission, 2010, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union, COM (2010) 546 final, 06.10.2010.
  • Falk, M., 2007, R&D Spending in The High-Tech Sector and Economic Growth, Research in Economics, 61, pp 140-147.
  • Freire- Serẻn , Ma .J., 1999, Aggregate R&D Expenditure and Endogenous Economic Growth, UFAE and IAE Working Papers, No: WP 436-99
  • Griliches, Z., 1998, R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, National Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org\books\gril198-1, pp.251-268.
  • Guellec, D. & Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie, B., 2004, From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do The Institutional Settings and The Source of Funds of R&D Matter?, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(3)
  • Goel, Rajev, K., James E.P. & Rati, P., 2008, R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth: A Disaggreted Approach, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 30, Issue.2, pp237-250.
  • Hall, B. H. & J. Lerner, 2009, The Financing of R&D and Innovation, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, Elsevier-North Holland, http://eml.berkeley.edu
  • Horvath, R., 2011, Research & Development and Groth: A Bayesian Model Averaging Analysis Economic Modelling, 28, pp.2669-2673.
  • Lichtenberg, Frank R., 1992, R&D Investment and International Productivity Differences, NBER Working Paper Series, Vol. W4161, pp1-37
  • Luh, Y. H. & Chang, S.K., 1997, Building The Dynamic Linkages Between R&D and Productivity Growth, Journal of Asian Economics, 8(4), pp 525-545. OECD, 2002, Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 6th Edition, http://www.oecd.org
  • OECD, 2005, Oslo Manual, The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities, http://www.oecd.org
  • OECD, 2013, OECD Factbook 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2013-en.
  • Öz S., 2011, Sürdürülebilir Büyümenin Kaynağı: Teknolojik Gelişme, Politika Notu 11-04, Ekonomik Araştırma Forumu, Nisan, http://www.eaf.ku.edu.tr
  • Park, W., G., 1995, International R&D Spillovers and OECD Economic Growth, Economic Inquir, Vol. 33, No, 4, pp. 571-591.
  • R&D Magazine, 2016, Global R&D Funding Forecast, Winter 2016, http://www.rdmag.com
  • Samimi, A. J. & Alerasoul, S. M., 2009, R&D and Economic Growth: New Evidence From Some Developing Countries, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), ISSN: 1991-8178, pp.3464-3469
  • Sylwester, K., 2001, R&D and Economic Growth, Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 13 (4), pp.71-84.
  • YASED, 2013, Uluslararası Yatırımcıların Ar-Ge Yatırımlarını Türkiye’ye Çekmek İçin Gereksinimlerin Belirlenmesi, Haziran, http://www.yased.org.tr
  • Zachariadis, M., 2004, R&D Induced Growth In The OECD?, Review of Development Economics, 8(3), pp 423-439. Wang, E. C., 2007, R&D Efficiency and Economic Performence: A Cross Country Analysis Using The Stochastic Frontier Approach, Journal of Policy Modelling, 29, (2), pp 345-360.

Effects on The Growth of R&D Expenditures in Selected OECD Countries

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 105 - 130, 06.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.337318

Öz

R&D activities and the subsequent technological development are one of the most important elements of sustainable economic growth and development. Many countries have recognized the importance of R&D investments on the road to development and have tried to close their deficiencies by creating a new system with various incentive policies and legal regulations. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between R&D expenditures and GDP for the period 1996-2015 through VAR analysis using selected OECD countries. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philliphs Perron (PP) unit root tests were performed to determine the stability before study. According to the unit root test results, all the series have been found to be stationary at the level. Results of variance decomposition and impact-response functions show that any change in R&D does not have a significant effect on the GDP balance, but GDP appears to have a significant effect on R&D.

Kaynakça

  • Alene, A. D., 2012, Productivity Growth and the Effects of R&D in African Agriculture, Aggricultural Economics, 41, pp 223-238.
  • Anlağan, Ö., (2011), Temel Ar-Ge ve Yenilik kavramları, 27 Ocak, Ankara, http://www.emo.org.tr
  • Bilbao-Osorio, B. & Rodriguez-Pose, A., 2004, From R&D To Innovation and Economic Growth In The EU, Growth and Change, 35 (4), pp.434-455.
  • Ceo, D. T. & Helpman, E., 1995, International R&D Spillovers, European Economic Review, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 859-887.
  • Çapanoğlu, S. G., 2010, Geçmişten Günümüze Lizbon Stratejisi ve 2020 İçin Yeni Bir Vizyon Işığında AB 20 Stratejisi, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Değerlendirme Notu, No: 12, Nisan, http://www.ikv.org.tr
  • Eid, A., 2012, Higher Education R&D and Productivity Growth: An Emprical Study on High Income OECD Countries, Education Economics, 20(1), pp.53-68.
  • European Commission, 2010, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union, COM (2010) 546 final, 06.10.2010.
  • Falk, M., 2007, R&D Spending in The High-Tech Sector and Economic Growth, Research in Economics, 61, pp 140-147.
  • Freire- Serẻn , Ma .J., 1999, Aggregate R&D Expenditure and Endogenous Economic Growth, UFAE and IAE Working Papers, No: WP 436-99
  • Griliches, Z., 1998, R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, National Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org\books\gril198-1, pp.251-268.
  • Guellec, D. & Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie, B., 2004, From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do The Institutional Settings and The Source of Funds of R&D Matter?, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(3)
  • Goel, Rajev, K., James E.P. & Rati, P., 2008, R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth: A Disaggreted Approach, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 30, Issue.2, pp237-250.
  • Hall, B. H. & J. Lerner, 2009, The Financing of R&D and Innovation, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, Elsevier-North Holland, http://eml.berkeley.edu
  • Horvath, R., 2011, Research & Development and Groth: A Bayesian Model Averaging Analysis Economic Modelling, 28, pp.2669-2673.
  • Lichtenberg, Frank R., 1992, R&D Investment and International Productivity Differences, NBER Working Paper Series, Vol. W4161, pp1-37
  • Luh, Y. H. & Chang, S.K., 1997, Building The Dynamic Linkages Between R&D and Productivity Growth, Journal of Asian Economics, 8(4), pp 525-545. OECD, 2002, Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 6th Edition, http://www.oecd.org
  • OECD, 2005, Oslo Manual, The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities, http://www.oecd.org
  • OECD, 2013, OECD Factbook 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2013-en.
  • Öz S., 2011, Sürdürülebilir Büyümenin Kaynağı: Teknolojik Gelişme, Politika Notu 11-04, Ekonomik Araştırma Forumu, Nisan, http://www.eaf.ku.edu.tr
  • Park, W., G., 1995, International R&D Spillovers and OECD Economic Growth, Economic Inquir, Vol. 33, No, 4, pp. 571-591.
  • R&D Magazine, 2016, Global R&D Funding Forecast, Winter 2016, http://www.rdmag.com
  • Samimi, A. J. & Alerasoul, S. M., 2009, R&D and Economic Growth: New Evidence From Some Developing Countries, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), ISSN: 1991-8178, pp.3464-3469
  • Sylwester, K., 2001, R&D and Economic Growth, Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 13 (4), pp.71-84.
  • YASED, 2013, Uluslararası Yatırımcıların Ar-Ge Yatırımlarını Türkiye’ye Çekmek İçin Gereksinimlerin Belirlenmesi, Haziran, http://www.yased.org.tr
  • Zachariadis, M., 2004, R&D Induced Growth In The OECD?, Review of Development Economics, 8(3), pp 423-439. Wang, E. C., 2007, R&D Efficiency and Economic Performence: A Cross Country Analysis Using The Stochastic Frontier Approach, Journal of Policy Modelling, 29, (2), pp 345-360.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Ülger 0000-0002-3872-3330

Özlem Durgun

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ekim 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Eylül 2017
Kabul Tarihi 28 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ülger, Ö., & Durgun, Ö. (2017). Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerinde AR-GE Harcamalarının Büyüme Üzerine Etkileri. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(4), 105-130. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.337318
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