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YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 239 - 247, 20.06.2007

Öz

Yenilebilir ektomikorizal mantarlar, mantar türleri içerisinde ekonomik olarak en önemli mantar gruplarından birini
oluştururlar ve aynı zamanda büyük pazar payına sahiptirler. Dünyadaki yenilebilir mantar türlerinin yaklaşık yarısı
ektomikorizal gruba aittir. Bununla birlikte, bu mantar türlerinin kültüre alınmasıyla ilgili dünyada sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmakta ve çok azı başarılı bir şekilde yetiştirilebilmektedir. Bu makalede ektomikorizal mantarların yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan yöntemler ve kültüre alınması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, L.K., Robson, A.D., 1981. Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 32: 631-639.
  • Araujo, A.A., Hannibal, L., Plassard, C., Mousain, D., Roussos, S., 1998. Growth physiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi on solid media. "Ecology, Physiology and Cultivation of Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms" SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), July 3-4, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Araujo, A.A., Roussos, S., 2002. A Technique for mycelial development of ectomycorrhizal fungi on agar media. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 98: 311-318.
  • Bencivenga, M., Donnini, D., Tanfulli, M., Guiducci, M., 1995. Tecnica di campionamento delle radici e degli radicali per valutazione delle piante micorrizate. Mic. Ital., 2: 35-47.
  • Castellano, M.A., Molina, R., 1989. Mycorrhizae. In: Landis, T.D., Tinus, R.W., Mcdonald, S.E. and Barnett, J.P. (eds.). The Biological Components: Nursery Pests and Mycorrhizae. In: ESTADOS UNIDOS. Department of Agriculture. The container tree nursery manual. pp. 101-171, Washington.
  • Cherfas, J., 1991. Disappearing mushrooms: another mass extinction? Science, 254: 1458.
  • Chevalier, G., Grente, J., 1978. Application pratique de la symbiose ectomycorrhizienne: production à grande échelle de plants mycorrhizes par la truffe (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.). Mushroom Science, 10: 483-505.
  • Chevalier, G., Dupre, C., 1990. Recherche et experimentation sur la truffe et la trufficulture en France. In Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale sul Tartufo In: Bencivenga, M. and Granetti, B. (eds.), 157-166, Comunita Montana dei Monti Martani del Serano, Spoleto, Italy.
  • Danell, E., 1994. Formation and growth of the ectomycorrhiza of Cantharellus cibarius. Mycorrhiza, 5: 89-97.
  • Danell, E., Camacho, F.J., 1997. Successful cultivation of the golden chanterelle. Nature, 385: 303.
  • Daza, A., Manjon, J.L., Camacho, M., Romero de la Osa, L., Aguilar, A., Santamaria, C., 2006. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature on in vitro culture of several isolates of Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers. Mycorrhiza, 16 (2): 133-136.
  • Debaud, J.C., Gay, G., 1987. In vitro fruiting under controlled conditions of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum associated with Pinus pinaster. New Phytologist, 105 (3): 429-435.
  • Duplessis, S., Tagu, D., Martin, F., 2002. Living together underground, a molecular glimpse of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. In: Osiewacz, H.D. (ed.), Molecular Biology of Fungal Development, 297-323.
  • Fischer, C., Colinas, C., 1996. Methodology for certification of Quercus ilex seedlings inoculated with Tuber melanosporum for commercial application. Poster Presentation at the 1st International Conference on Mycorrhizae. Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
  • Fries, N., 1979. Germination of spores of Cantharellus cibarius. Mycologia, 71: 216-219.
  • Fries, N., 1987. The third benefactors lecture: ecological and evolutionary aspects of spore germination in the higher basidiomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 88: 1-7.
  • Fujita, H., Fujita, T., lto, T., 1990. Study on cultivation technique of Lyophyllum shimeji using infected tree seedling. Annual Report of the Forestry Experimental Station, Kyoto prefecture, pp. 35.
  • Godbout, C., Fortin, J.A., 1990. Cultural control of basidiome formation in Laccaria bicolor with container- grown white pine seedlings. Mycol Res., 94: 1051-1058.
  • González-Ochoaa, A.I., Herasa, J., Torresb, P., Sánchez- Gómeza, E., 2003. Mycorrhization of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton seedlings in two commercial nurseries. Ann. For. Sci., 60: 43-48.
  • Guerin-Laguette, A., 1998. Les Lactaires a lait rouge: Mycorhization controlée des pins et caractérisation moléculaire. Application a líétude de la compétence écologique et de la compétitivité díisolats de Lactarius deliciosus. PhD thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, University of Montpellier II, France.
  • Guerin-Laguette, A., Plassard, C., Mousain, D., 2000. Effects of experimental conditions on mycorrhizal relationships between Pinus sylvestris and Lactarius deliciosus and unprecedented fruit-body formation of the Saffron milk cap under controlled soilless conditions. Can. J. Microbiol., 46 (9): 790-799.
  • Hall, I.R., Lyon, A.J.E., Wang, Y., Sinclair, L., 1998. Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies. 2. Boletus edulis. Econ. Bot., 52: 44-56.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., 1998a. Methods for Cultivating Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. In: Varma, A. (ed.) Mycorrhiza manual. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 99-114.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., 1998b. Commercial production of Tuber melanosporum in New Zealand. Abstracts of the Second International Conference on Mycorrhiza. Uppsala, Sweden, 5-10 July, pp. 77-78.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., Danell, E., Zambonelli, A., 2002. Edible mycorrhizal mushrooms and their cultivation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD-ROM, New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Hall, I.R., Yun, W., Amicucci, A., 2003. Cultivation of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Trends In Biotechnology, 21 (10): 433-438.
  • Harris, M., Jurgensen, M., 1977. Development of Salix and Populus mycorrhizae in metallic mine tailings. Plant Soil, 47: 509-517.
  • Harvey, L.M., 1991. Cultivation techniques for the production of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Biotechnol Adv., 9 (1): 13-29.
  • Helm, D., Carling, D., 1990. Use of on-site mycorrhizal inoculum for plant establishment on abandoned mined lands. Bureau of Mines contract report. Palmer, Alaska.
  • Hutchison, L.J., 1999. Lactarius. In: Cairney, J.W.G. and Chamber, S.M. (eds.), Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Key Genera In Profile. Chapter 11, 269-285.
  • Isaac, S., 1992. Fungal Plant Interactions. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, p. 418.
  • Lefevre, C., Hall, I.R., 2001. In the global status of truffle cultivation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hazelnut (556). In: Mehlenbacher, S.A. (ed.), Acta Hortic., pp. 513-520.
  • Kagan-Zur, V., 2002. Tuber melanosporum research in Israel. In Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD- ROM. In: Hall, I.R. et al. (eds.), New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Lilleskov, E.A., Fahey, T.J., Horton, T.R., Lovett, G.M., 2002. Belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal community change over a nitrogen deposition gradient in Alaska. Ecology, 83: 104–115.
  • Marx, D.H., Kenny, D., 1982. Production of ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minn., pp. 131-146.
  • Marx, D.H., Bell, W,. 1985. Formation of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings with spore pellet inoculum applied at different times. U.S.D.A For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-249.
  • Marx, D.H., Cordell, C.E., Maul, S.B., Ruehle,J.L., 1989. Ectomycorrhizal development on pine by Pisolithus tinctorius in bare-root and container seedling nurseries. New Forests, Volume 3, Number 1.
  • Marx, D.H., 1991. The practical significance of ectomycorrhizae in forest establishment. In: Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizae of forest trees. Marcus Wallenberg Foundation Symposia Proceedings 7: 27. Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Falun, Sweden, pp. 54-90.
  • Marx, D.H., Maul, S.B., Cordell, C.E., 1992. Application of specific ectomycorrhizal fungi in world forestry. In: Leatham G.F. (ed.) Frontiers in Industrial Mycology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 78-98.
  • Menge, J., Timmer, L., 1982. Procedures for inoculation of plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 59-68.
  • Molina, R., 1979. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings with six isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius. For. Sci., 25: 585-590.
  • Morte, A. Lovisolo, C., Schubert, A., 2000. Effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of the mycorrhizal association Helianthemum almeriense- Terfezia claveryi. Mycorrhiza, 10: 115-119.
  • Norland, M., 1993. Soil factors affecting mycorrhizal use in surface mine reclamation. Bureau of mines information circular. United States Department of the Interior.
  • Ohta, A., 1994a. Production of fruit-bodies of a mycorrhizal fungus, Lyophyllum shimeji, in pure culture. Mycoscience, 35: 147-151.
  • Ohta, A., 1994b. Some cultural characteristics of mycelia of a mycorrhizal fungus, Lyophyllum shimeji. Mycoscience, 35: 83-87.
  • Ohta, A., 1998. Fruit-body production of two ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Hebeloma in pure culture. Mycoscience, 39: 15-19.
  • Olivier, J.M., 2000. Progress in the cultivation of truffles. In Mushroom Science XV: Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi (Vol. 2) Balkema, 937-942.
  • Pacioni, G., Comandini, O., 2000. Tuber. In Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Key Genera in Profile. In: Cairney, J.W.G. and Chambers, S.M. (Eds.). Springer Verlag, pp. 63-186.
  • Palmer, J.G., 1971. Tecniques and procedures for culturing ectomyorrhizal fungi. Pages 162-144. In: Hacskaylo, E. (ed.). Mycorrhiza. USDA Misc. Publ. 1189. pp. 255.
  • Parlade, J., Pera, J., Luque, J., 2004. Evaluation of mycelial inocula of edible Lactarius species for the production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris mycorrhizal seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza, 14: 171-176.
  • Pekşen, A.U., Hatat, G., Erper, İ., 1999. Bazı doğa mantarları ve Pleurotus sajor-caju (Lev.) Sing.'nun misel gelişimine farklı ortam ve uygulamaların etkisi. O.M.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (3): 44-53.
  • Poitou, N., Mamoun, M., Ducamp, M., Delmas, J., 1984. After Boletus granulatus, Lactarius deliciosus fructification is obtained in the field from inoculated plants. PHM Revue Horticole, 244: 65-68.
  • Redecker, D., Szaro, T.M., Bowman, R.J., Bruns, T.D., 2001. Small genets of Lactarius xanthogalactus, Russula cremoricolor and Amanita francheti in late- stage ectomycorrhizal successions. Mol. Ecol., 10: 1025- 1034.
  • Riffle, J.W., 1977. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of nursery seedbeds and container growing media. Proc. Intermountain Nurserymen’Assoc. 73-85.
  • Riffle, J., Maronek, D., 1982. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation procedures for greenhouse and nursery studies. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 147-156.
  • Riffle, J. W., Maronek, D.M., 1991. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation procedures for greenhouse and nursery studies. In: Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. In: Schenck, N.C. (ed.), APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • Rincón, A., Alvarez, I. F., Pera, J., 2001. Inoculation of containerized Pinus pinea L. seedlings with seven ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza, 11 (6): 265-271.
  • Sanchez, F., Honrubia, M., Torres, P., 2000. Cultural characteristics of some ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture. Rev Iberoam Micol., 17 (4): 127-134.
  • Sanchez, F., Honrubia, M., Torres, P., 2001. Effects of pH, water stress and temperature on in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi from Mediterranean forests. Mycologie, 22 (4): 243-258.
  • Santiago-Martinez, G., Estrada-Torres, A., Varela, L., Herrera, T., 2003. Growth on seven nutritive media and in vitro synthesis of one strain of Laccaria bicolor. Agrociencia, 37 (6): 575-584.
  • Sisti, D., Giomaro, G., Rossi, I., Ceccaroli, P., Citterio, B., Stocchi, V., Zambonelli, A., Benedetti, P.A., 1998. In vitro mycorrhizal synthesis of micropropagated Tilia platyphyllos Scop. plantlets with Tuber borchii Vittad. mycelium in pure culture. Acta Hortic., 457: 379–387.
  • Straatsma, G., Konings, R.N.H., Griensven, L.J.L.D. van, 1985. A strain collection of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius obtained by germination of spores and culture of fruit body tissue. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 85 (4): 689-697.
  • Straatsma, G., Griensven, L.J.L.D. van, 1986. Growth requirements of mycelial cultures of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 87 (1): 135-141.
  • Sundari, K.S., Adholeya, A., 2003. Growth profile of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium: emphasis on substrate pH influence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 83 (3): 209-214.
  • Suzuki, A., 1979. General review on environmental factors affecting primordium formation in Homobasidiae. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn., 20: 253-265.
  • Yamada, A., Ogura, T., Ohmasa, M., 2001. Cultivation of mushrooms of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus densiflora by in vitro mycorrhizal synthesis I. Primordium and basidiocarp formation in open-pot culture. Mycorrhiza, 11 (2): 59-66.
  • Visser, S., 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in jack pine stands following wildfire. New Phytol., 129: 389- 401.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, I.R., Evans, L.A., 1997. Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies 1. Tricholoma matsutake and related fungi. Econ. Bot., 51: 311-327.
  • Wang, B., 2000. A study on the cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi in vitro. Development and Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, I.R., Dixon, C., Stephen, M., 2001. Potential for the cultivation of Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) S.F. Gray in New Zealand. Third International Conference on Mycorrhizas 8-13th July (inclusive) 2001, Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, R.I., Dixon, C., 2002. The cultivation of Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) and Rhizopogon rubescens (shoro) in New Zealand. In Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and their Cultivation, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD-ROM. In: Hall, I.R. et al. (eds.), New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, R., 2004. Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: challenges and achievements. Can. J. Bot., 82 (8): 1063-1073.

YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 239 - 247, 20.06.2007

Öz

Yenilebilir ektomikorizal mantarlar, mantar türleri içerisinde ekonomik olarak en önemli mantar gruplarından birini oluştururlar ve aynı zamanda büyük pazar payına sahiptirler. Dünyadaki yenilebilir mantar türlerinin yaklaşık yarısı ektomikorizal gruba aittir. Bununla birlikte, bu mantar türlerinin kültüre alınmasıyla ilgili dünyada sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmakta ve çok azı başarılı bir şekilde yetiştirilebilmektedir. Bu makalede ektomikorizal mantarların yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan yöntemler ve kültüre alınması konusunda yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, L.K., Robson, A.D., 1981. Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 32: 631-639.
  • Araujo, A.A., Hannibal, L., Plassard, C., Mousain, D., Roussos, S., 1998. Growth physiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi on solid media. "Ecology, Physiology and Cultivation of Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms" SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), July 3-4, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Araujo, A.A., Roussos, S., 2002. A Technique for mycelial development of ectomycorrhizal fungi on agar media. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 98: 311-318.
  • Bencivenga, M., Donnini, D., Tanfulli, M., Guiducci, M., 1995. Tecnica di campionamento delle radici e degli radicali per valutazione delle piante micorrizate. Mic. Ital., 2: 35-47.
  • Castellano, M.A., Molina, R., 1989. Mycorrhizae. In: Landis, T.D., Tinus, R.W., Mcdonald, S.E. and Barnett, J.P. (eds.). The Biological Components: Nursery Pests and Mycorrhizae. In: ESTADOS UNIDOS. Department of Agriculture. The container tree nursery manual. pp. 101-171, Washington.
  • Cherfas, J., 1991. Disappearing mushrooms: another mass extinction? Science, 254: 1458.
  • Chevalier, G., Grente, J., 1978. Application pratique de la symbiose ectomycorrhizienne: production à grande échelle de plants mycorrhizes par la truffe (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.). Mushroom Science, 10: 483-505.
  • Chevalier, G., Dupre, C., 1990. Recherche et experimentation sur la truffe et la trufficulture en France. In Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale sul Tartufo In: Bencivenga, M. and Granetti, B. (eds.), 157-166, Comunita Montana dei Monti Martani del Serano, Spoleto, Italy.
  • Danell, E., 1994. Formation and growth of the ectomycorrhiza of Cantharellus cibarius. Mycorrhiza, 5: 89-97.
  • Danell, E., Camacho, F.J., 1997. Successful cultivation of the golden chanterelle. Nature, 385: 303.
  • Daza, A., Manjon, J.L., Camacho, M., Romero de la Osa, L., Aguilar, A., Santamaria, C., 2006. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature on in vitro culture of several isolates of Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers. Mycorrhiza, 16 (2): 133-136.
  • Debaud, J.C., Gay, G., 1987. In vitro fruiting under controlled conditions of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum associated with Pinus pinaster. New Phytologist, 105 (3): 429-435.
  • Duplessis, S., Tagu, D., Martin, F., 2002. Living together underground, a molecular glimpse of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. In: Osiewacz, H.D. (ed.), Molecular Biology of Fungal Development, 297-323.
  • Fischer, C., Colinas, C., 1996. Methodology for certification of Quercus ilex seedlings inoculated with Tuber melanosporum for commercial application. Poster Presentation at the 1st International Conference on Mycorrhizae. Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
  • Fries, N., 1979. Germination of spores of Cantharellus cibarius. Mycologia, 71: 216-219.
  • Fries, N., 1987. The third benefactors lecture: ecological and evolutionary aspects of spore germination in the higher basidiomycetes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 88: 1-7.
  • Fujita, H., Fujita, T., lto, T., 1990. Study on cultivation technique of Lyophyllum shimeji using infected tree seedling. Annual Report of the Forestry Experimental Station, Kyoto prefecture, pp. 35.
  • Godbout, C., Fortin, J.A., 1990. Cultural control of basidiome formation in Laccaria bicolor with container- grown white pine seedlings. Mycol Res., 94: 1051-1058.
  • González-Ochoaa, A.I., Herasa, J., Torresb, P., Sánchez- Gómeza, E., 2003. Mycorrhization of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton seedlings in two commercial nurseries. Ann. For. Sci., 60: 43-48.
  • Guerin-Laguette, A., 1998. Les Lactaires a lait rouge: Mycorhization controlée des pins et caractérisation moléculaire. Application a líétude de la compétence écologique et de la compétitivité díisolats de Lactarius deliciosus. PhD thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier, University of Montpellier II, France.
  • Guerin-Laguette, A., Plassard, C., Mousain, D., 2000. Effects of experimental conditions on mycorrhizal relationships between Pinus sylvestris and Lactarius deliciosus and unprecedented fruit-body formation of the Saffron milk cap under controlled soilless conditions. Can. J. Microbiol., 46 (9): 790-799.
  • Hall, I.R., Lyon, A.J.E., Wang, Y., Sinclair, L., 1998. Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies. 2. Boletus edulis. Econ. Bot., 52: 44-56.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., 1998a. Methods for Cultivating Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. In: Varma, A. (ed.) Mycorrhiza manual. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 99-114.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., 1998b. Commercial production of Tuber melanosporum in New Zealand. Abstracts of the Second International Conference on Mycorrhiza. Uppsala, Sweden, 5-10 July, pp. 77-78.
  • Hall, I.R., Wang, Y., Danell, E., Zambonelli, A., 2002. Edible mycorrhizal mushrooms and their cultivation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD-ROM, New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Hall, I.R., Yun, W., Amicucci, A., 2003. Cultivation of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Trends In Biotechnology, 21 (10): 433-438.
  • Harris, M., Jurgensen, M., 1977. Development of Salix and Populus mycorrhizae in metallic mine tailings. Plant Soil, 47: 509-517.
  • Harvey, L.M., 1991. Cultivation techniques for the production of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Biotechnol Adv., 9 (1): 13-29.
  • Helm, D., Carling, D., 1990. Use of on-site mycorrhizal inoculum for plant establishment on abandoned mined lands. Bureau of Mines contract report. Palmer, Alaska.
  • Hutchison, L.J., 1999. Lactarius. In: Cairney, J.W.G. and Chamber, S.M. (eds.), Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Key Genera In Profile. Chapter 11, 269-285.
  • Isaac, S., 1992. Fungal Plant Interactions. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, p. 418.
  • Lefevre, C., Hall, I.R., 2001. In the global status of truffle cultivation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hazelnut (556). In: Mehlenbacher, S.A. (ed.), Acta Hortic., pp. 513-520.
  • Kagan-Zur, V., 2002. Tuber melanosporum research in Israel. In Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD- ROM. In: Hall, I.R. et al. (eds.), New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Lilleskov, E.A., Fahey, T.J., Horton, T.R., Lovett, G.M., 2002. Belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal community change over a nitrogen deposition gradient in Alaska. Ecology, 83: 104–115.
  • Marx, D.H., Kenny, D., 1982. Production of ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minn., pp. 131-146.
  • Marx, D.H., Bell, W,. 1985. Formation of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings with spore pellet inoculum applied at different times. U.S.D.A For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-249.
  • Marx, D.H., Cordell, C.E., Maul, S.B., Ruehle,J.L., 1989. Ectomycorrhizal development on pine by Pisolithus tinctorius in bare-root and container seedling nurseries. New Forests, Volume 3, Number 1.
  • Marx, D.H., 1991. The practical significance of ectomycorrhizae in forest establishment. In: Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizae of forest trees. Marcus Wallenberg Foundation Symposia Proceedings 7: 27. Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Falun, Sweden, pp. 54-90.
  • Marx, D.H., Maul, S.B., Cordell, C.E., 1992. Application of specific ectomycorrhizal fungi in world forestry. In: Leatham G.F. (ed.) Frontiers in Industrial Mycology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 78-98.
  • Menge, J., Timmer, L., 1982. Procedures for inoculation of plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 59-68.
  • Molina, R., 1979. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings with six isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius. For. Sci., 25: 585-590.
  • Morte, A. Lovisolo, C., Schubert, A., 2000. Effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of the mycorrhizal association Helianthemum almeriense- Terfezia claveryi. Mycorrhiza, 10: 115-119.
  • Norland, M., 1993. Soil factors affecting mycorrhizal use in surface mine reclamation. Bureau of mines information circular. United States Department of the Interior.
  • Ohta, A., 1994a. Production of fruit-bodies of a mycorrhizal fungus, Lyophyllum shimeji, in pure culture. Mycoscience, 35: 147-151.
  • Ohta, A., 1994b. Some cultural characteristics of mycelia of a mycorrhizal fungus, Lyophyllum shimeji. Mycoscience, 35: 83-87.
  • Ohta, A., 1998. Fruit-body production of two ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Hebeloma in pure culture. Mycoscience, 39: 15-19.
  • Olivier, J.M., 2000. Progress in the cultivation of truffles. In Mushroom Science XV: Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi (Vol. 2) Balkema, 937-942.
  • Pacioni, G., Comandini, O., 2000. Tuber. In Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Key Genera in Profile. In: Cairney, J.W.G. and Chambers, S.M. (Eds.). Springer Verlag, pp. 63-186.
  • Palmer, J.G., 1971. Tecniques and procedures for culturing ectomyorrhizal fungi. Pages 162-144. In: Hacskaylo, E. (ed.). Mycorrhiza. USDA Misc. Publ. 1189. pp. 255.
  • Parlade, J., Pera, J., Luque, J., 2004. Evaluation of mycelial inocula of edible Lactarius species for the production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris mycorrhizal seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza, 14: 171-176.
  • Pekşen, A.U., Hatat, G., Erper, İ., 1999. Bazı doğa mantarları ve Pleurotus sajor-caju (Lev.) Sing.'nun misel gelişimine farklı ortam ve uygulamaların etkisi. O.M.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (3): 44-53.
  • Poitou, N., Mamoun, M., Ducamp, M., Delmas, J., 1984. After Boletus granulatus, Lactarius deliciosus fructification is obtained in the field from inoculated plants. PHM Revue Horticole, 244: 65-68.
  • Redecker, D., Szaro, T.M., Bowman, R.J., Bruns, T.D., 2001. Small genets of Lactarius xanthogalactus, Russula cremoricolor and Amanita francheti in late- stage ectomycorrhizal successions. Mol. Ecol., 10: 1025- 1034.
  • Riffle, J.W., 1977. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of nursery seedbeds and container growing media. Proc. Intermountain Nurserymen’Assoc. 73-85.
  • Riffle, J., Maronek, D., 1982. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation procedures for greenhouse and nursery studies. Ch. in methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 147-156.
  • Riffle, J. W., Maronek, D.M., 1991. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation procedures for greenhouse and nursery studies. In: Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. In: Schenck, N.C. (ed.), APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • Rincón, A., Alvarez, I. F., Pera, J., 2001. Inoculation of containerized Pinus pinea L. seedlings with seven ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza, 11 (6): 265-271.
  • Sanchez, F., Honrubia, M., Torres, P., 2000. Cultural characteristics of some ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture. Rev Iberoam Micol., 17 (4): 127-134.
  • Sanchez, F., Honrubia, M., Torres, P., 2001. Effects of pH, water stress and temperature on in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi from Mediterranean forests. Mycologie, 22 (4): 243-258.
  • Santiago-Martinez, G., Estrada-Torres, A., Varela, L., Herrera, T., 2003. Growth on seven nutritive media and in vitro synthesis of one strain of Laccaria bicolor. Agrociencia, 37 (6): 575-584.
  • Sisti, D., Giomaro, G., Rossi, I., Ceccaroli, P., Citterio, B., Stocchi, V., Zambonelli, A., Benedetti, P.A., 1998. In vitro mycorrhizal synthesis of micropropagated Tilia platyphyllos Scop. plantlets with Tuber borchii Vittad. mycelium in pure culture. Acta Hortic., 457: 379–387.
  • Straatsma, G., Konings, R.N.H., Griensven, L.J.L.D. van, 1985. A strain collection of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius obtained by germination of spores and culture of fruit body tissue. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 85 (4): 689-697.
  • Straatsma, G., Griensven, L.J.L.D. van, 1986. Growth requirements of mycelial cultures of the mycorrhizal mushroom Cantharellus cibarius. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 87 (1): 135-141.
  • Sundari, K.S., Adholeya, A., 2003. Growth profile of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium: emphasis on substrate pH influence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 83 (3): 209-214.
  • Suzuki, A., 1979. General review on environmental factors affecting primordium formation in Homobasidiae. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn., 20: 253-265.
  • Yamada, A., Ogura, T., Ohmasa, M., 2001. Cultivation of mushrooms of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus densiflora by in vitro mycorrhizal synthesis I. Primordium and basidiocarp formation in open-pot culture. Mycorrhiza, 11 (2): 59-66.
  • Visser, S., 1995. Ectomycorrhizal fungal succession in jack pine stands following wildfire. New Phytol., 129: 389- 401.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, I.R., Evans, L.A., 1997. Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies 1. Tricholoma matsutake and related fungi. Econ. Bot., 51: 311-327.
  • Wang, B., 2000. A study on the cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi in vitro. Development and Research Centre of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, I.R., Dixon, C., Stephen, M., 2001. Potential for the cultivation of Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) S.F. Gray in New Zealand. Third International Conference on Mycorrhizas 8-13th July (inclusive) 2001, Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, R.I., Dixon, C., 2002. The cultivation of Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) and Rhizopogon rubescens (shoro) in New Zealand. In Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and their Cultivation, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, CD-ROM. In: Hall, I.R. et al. (eds.), New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited.
  • Wang, Y., Hall, R., 2004. Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: challenges and achievements. Can. J. Bot., 82 (8): 1063-1073.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil TR
Bölüm Tarım Bilimleri (Agricultural Sciences) Eski Sayılar (Back Issues)
Yazarlar

Aysun Pekşen Bu kişi benim

Beyhan Kibar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pekşen, A., & Kibar, B. (2007). YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247
AMA Pekşen A, Kibar B. YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. ANAJAS. Haziran 2007;22(2):239-247. doi:10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247
Chicago Pekşen, Aysun, ve Beyhan Kibar. “YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 22, sy. 2 (Haziran 2007): 239-47. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247.
EndNote Pekşen A, Kibar B (01 Haziran 2007) YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 22 2 239–247.
IEEE A. Pekşen ve B. Kibar, “YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR”, ANAJAS, c. 22, sy. 2, ss. 239–247, 2007, doi: 10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247.
ISNAD Pekşen, Aysun - Kibar, Beyhan. “YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 22/2 (Haziran 2007), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247.
JAMA Pekşen A, Kibar B. YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. ANAJAS. 2007;22:239–247.
MLA Pekşen, Aysun ve Beyhan Kibar. “YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 2, 2007, ss. 239-47, doi:10.7161/anajas.2007.22.2.239-247.
Vancouver Pekşen A, Kibar B. YENİLEBİLİR EKTOMİKORİZAL MANTARLARIN YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE BU KONUDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. ANAJAS. 2007;22(2):239-47.
Online ISSN: 1308-8769