Patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım fiziksel etki alanının belirlenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 7, 845 - 853, 27.12.2017

Saliha Çetinyokuş

Öz

Çalışmada,
patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım ile sonuçlanan endüstriyel kazaların etki
alanlarının belirlenmesine yönelik metodoloji geliştirilmiştir. Afet riskli
alanlarının derecelendirilmesi için risk matrisi oluşturulmuştur. Sanayiciler
ile kontrol ve izlemede görevli ilgili kişi ya da kurumların hangi durumda
hangi etki alanı belirleme aracını kullanabileceği açıklanmaya ve standart bir
yaklaşım oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım etkisi
oluşturabilecek bir kuruluş için aynı miktarda (30000Ib) toksik gaz (klor),
toksik sıvı (hidrazin) ve yanabilen madde (propan) üzerinden örnek uygulama
çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Örnek uygulamalar, tesis dışı risk analizine dayanan
korelasyonlar ve ücretsiz ALOHA yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Korelasyonlara ait alternatif senaryo sonuçları ALOHA yazılımı ile elde edilen
sonuçlarla uyumlu olarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece, etki alanını belirleyebilmek
için daha az veri bilgisi gerektiren korelasyonların öncelikli olarak pratik
bir şekilde uygulanabileceği tespit edilmiştir. En geniş sonlanma noktası
mesafesi (54.2 km-en kötü durum senaryosu, 60 dk. kırsal alan) örnek toksik
sıvı (hidrazin) için elde edilmiştir. Korelasyonlar değerlendirildiğinde,
kırsal alan için tüm sonlanma noktası mesafelerinin kentsel alana göre yüksek
olduğu belirlenmiştir. ALOHA yazılımında ise kırsal ve kentsel durum için
tehlike alanı mesafelerinin çok büyük bir değişim göstermediği tespit
edilmiştir. Örnek uygulama çalışmaları sonucunda kuruluş,  yüksek risk seviyesinde belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstriyel kaza, Patlama, Yangın, Toksik yayılım, Fiziksel etki alanı

Determination of explosion, fire and toxic emission physical effect areas

Öz

In the
study, a methodology was developed for the determination of effect areas
considering explosion, fire and toxic emissions of industrial accidents. A risk
matrix was established for grading of disaster risk areas. It was tried to
explain that manufacturers and control and monitoring of the relevant person or
institution in charge of in which state and with which tool could be used to
determine the impact area and to create a standard approach. The case studies
were carried out over the same amount (13 620 kg) of toxic gases (chlorine),
toxic liquids (hydrazine) and flammable substances (propane) which might pose
explosion, fire and toxic emissions affects for an establishment. The case
studies were performed with using correlations based on offsite consequence
analysis and free ALOHA software. The results of alternative scenario
correlation were determined in accordance with the results obtained with the
ALOHA software. Thus, it was determined that correlations required less
information in order to determine effect area may be implemented in a practical
way primarily. The largest end-point distance (54.2 km-worst case scenario, 60 min,
rural areas) was obtained for sample toxic liquid (hydrazine). When
correlations were evaluated, all endpoint distance for rural areas were found
to be higher than in urban areas. Threat zone distances were found to be not change
so much in ALOHA software for rural and urban areas. The establishment was
obtained at a high risk level as a result of case studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industrial accident, Explosion, Fire, Toxic emmission, Physical effect areas.

Kaynakça

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