Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 247 - 252, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596

Öz

Women entrepreneurship is a process that is being
encouraged, publicized and directed by governmental and non-governmental
organizations. There are many forces that allows emergence of the women
entrepreneurship in IT. In this paper, I opt to discuss and comment on the
journey of the women workforce in IT from corporate organizations to the
workforce in women entrepreneurship. This paper introduces observations of the
changes in women workforce in corporate USA and Turkey, and introduces the
offerings and challenges observed in the designing, launching and running of a
new IT business at Incubation centers and universities in Turkey. This paper
also offers recommendations for governmental and non-governmental policies of
small businesses and recommendations for the strategies of the incubation
centers that would help women entrepreneurship. 

Kaynakça

  • Ahl, H. J. 2003, "The Scientific Reproduction of Gender Inequality: A Discourse Analysis of Research Articles on Women's Entrepreneurship".
  • Alsos, G. A. and Ljunggren, E., 1998, "Does the business start-up process differ by gender? A longitudinal study of nascent entrepreneurs", In P. D. Reynolds, W. D. Bygrave, S. Manigart, C. M. Mason, G. D. Meyer, N.M. Carter, & K. G. Shaver (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurial research, pp. 137-151). Boston, MA: Babson College
  • Beatty, J. 1998, "The World According to Peter Drucker", pp. 163.
  • Birley, S., Moss, C., & Saunders, P., 1987, "Do women entrepreneurs require different training?", American Journal of Small Business, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27-35
  • Brush et al, 2003, "Women Entrepreneurs: Moving Front and Center: An Overview of Research and Theory", Retrieved on March 22, 2017, http://www.unm.edu/~asalazar/Kauffman/Entrep_research/e_women.pdf
  • Burton, M. D., J. B. Sørensen, C. Beckman. 2002. "Coming from good stock: Career histories and new venture formation", Res. Social. Organ. 19, pp. 229–262
  • Buttner, E. H. 2001, "Examining female entrepreneurs' management style: an application of a relational frame. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 253-269.
  • Buttner, E. H., & Rosen, B., 1992, "Rejection in the loan application process: Male and female entrepreneurs’ perceptions and subsequent intentions", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 58-65.
  • Cantillon, R. 1964, "Essoi Sur Lo Noture Du Commerce En Gindral”, Augustus M. Kelley: pp. 29.
  • Caputo, R. K., & Dolinsky, A., 1998, "Women’s choice to pursue self-employment: The role of financial and human capital of household members", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 8-17
  • Chaganti, R., & Parasuraman, S., 1996, "A study of the impact of gender on business performance and management patterns in small businesses", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73-75
  • Chell, E., & Baines, S., 1998, "Does gender affect business‘ performance’? A study of micro-businesses in business services in the U.K", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 117-135
  • Dobrev, S. D., Barnett, W. P., 2005, "Organizational roles and transitions to entrepreneurship", Acad. Management J, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 433–449.
  • Dolinsky, A. L., Caputo, Pasumarty, R. K., & Quazi, H., 1993, "The effects of education on business ownership: A longitudinal study of women", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 43-53.
  • Druker, P., 2006, “Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principle” Routledge Classics.
  • Dumas, C., 1992, "Integrating the daughter into family business management", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 4155.
  • DuRietz A. & Henrekson, M., 2000, "Testing the female underperformance hypothesis", Small Business Economics, vol. 14, pp. 1-10
  • Ecevit, Y. “Research on Women Entrepreneurs”, Retrieved March 22, 2017, , https://assets.garanti.com.tr/assets/pdf/tr/diger/K.G.A_eng_dijital_v_1.pdf
  • Elfenbein, D. W., B. H. Hamilton, W. B. and Zenger, T. R., 2010, "The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers", Management Science. 56 (4) 659–681
  • European Commission, "Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurs in Europe-2014", Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/7481/attachments/1/translations
  • Evaluation of Women's Enterprise Initiative (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.wd-deo.gc.ca/eng/18274.asp
  • Fagenson, E. A., & Marcus, E. A.,1991, "Perceptions of the sex-role stereotypic characteristics of entrepreneurs: Women’s evaluations", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 15 , no. 4, pp. 33-47
  • Girls in Tech (n.d.) Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://girlsintech.org/#programs
  • Gompers, P., J. Lerner, D., 2005, "Entrepreneurial spawning: Public corporations and the genesis of new ventures", J. Finance, vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 577–614.
  • Hanssan, A. 2012, "Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from Sweden", Small Business Economics.
  • Hisrich, R. D. and Brush, C., 1984, "The woman entrepreneur: Management skills and business problems", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 30-37
  • Holmquist, C., and Sundin, E.,1990, "What’s special about highly educated women entrepreneurs", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 2, pp. 181-193.
  • Knight, F. H. 2005, "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit", Cosimo: pp. 22-40.
  • Marlow, S., 1997, "Self employed women: New opportunities, old challenges", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 199-210.
  • National Association of Women Business Owners 2007 Survey of Women Business Owners. http://businesscommunicationnetwork.com/wp-content/plugins/BNet/cache/1312925017917.pdf
  • Navale, A. B. 2013, "Developing Entrepreneur Skills for Corporate Work", Research Directions, vol 1, no. 4, pp.
  • Nelson, G. W., 1987, "Information needs of female entrepreneurs", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 38-44.
  • Parker, S. C. 2009. "Why do small firms produce the entrepreneurs?", J. Socio-Economic. vol. 38, vol. 3, pp. 484–494.
  • Rehman, S. and Roomi, M. A. 2012, "Gender and Work-life Balance: A Phenomenological Study of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 19, no. 2, pp.209 - 228.
  • Sexton D. L. and Bowman-Upton, N., 1990 "Female and Male Entrepreneurs: Psychological Characteristics and Their Role in Gender-related Discrimination". Journal of Business Venturing, vol 5, no 1, pp 29-36.
  • Sorensen, J., Nanda, R. 2013, "Workplace Peers and Entrepreneurship", Management Science, vol 56, no . 7, pp. 1116-1126.
  • Stoner, C. R., Hartman, R. I., & Arora, R.,1990, "Work-home role conflict in female owners of small businesses: an exploratory study", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 30-38
  • TGBD, 2017, “Turkiyede Teknoparklar”, Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://www.tgbd.org.tr/WebContent/WebContent/4707
  • TOBB Istanbul Kadin Girismciler Kurulu, Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://www.ikgk.org.tr/
  • Ufuk, H., & Ozgen, O., 2001, "Interaction between the business and family lives of women entrepreneurs in Turkey" , Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 95-106.
  • Wagner, J. 2004, "Are young and small firms hothouses for nascent entrepreneurs? Evidence from German micro data", Appl. Econom. Quart. vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 379–391.
  • Walker, W. et al., 2008, "Women and worklife Balance: Is Homebased Business Ownership the Solution?", Equal Opportunities International, vol. 27, no. 3, pp.258 - 275.
  • WeGate, (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.wegate.eu/who-we-are
  • Women Entrepreneurs MENA (n.d) Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www.we-mena.org/
  • Women TechMakers, (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.womentechmakers.com
  • Zapalska, A.M., 1997, "A profile of women entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 35 , no. 4, pp. 76-82.
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 247 - 252, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahl, H. J. 2003, "The Scientific Reproduction of Gender Inequality: A Discourse Analysis of Research Articles on Women's Entrepreneurship".
  • Alsos, G. A. and Ljunggren, E., 1998, "Does the business start-up process differ by gender? A longitudinal study of nascent entrepreneurs", In P. D. Reynolds, W. D. Bygrave, S. Manigart, C. M. Mason, G. D. Meyer, N.M. Carter, & K. G. Shaver (Eds.), Frontiers of entrepreneurial research, pp. 137-151). Boston, MA: Babson College
  • Beatty, J. 1998, "The World According to Peter Drucker", pp. 163.
  • Birley, S., Moss, C., & Saunders, P., 1987, "Do women entrepreneurs require different training?", American Journal of Small Business, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27-35
  • Brush et al, 2003, "Women Entrepreneurs: Moving Front and Center: An Overview of Research and Theory", Retrieved on March 22, 2017, http://www.unm.edu/~asalazar/Kauffman/Entrep_research/e_women.pdf
  • Burton, M. D., J. B. Sørensen, C. Beckman. 2002. "Coming from good stock: Career histories and new venture formation", Res. Social. Organ. 19, pp. 229–262
  • Buttner, E. H. 2001, "Examining female entrepreneurs' management style: an application of a relational frame. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 253-269.
  • Buttner, E. H., & Rosen, B., 1992, "Rejection in the loan application process: Male and female entrepreneurs’ perceptions and subsequent intentions", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 58-65.
  • Cantillon, R. 1964, "Essoi Sur Lo Noture Du Commerce En Gindral”, Augustus M. Kelley: pp. 29.
  • Caputo, R. K., & Dolinsky, A., 1998, "Women’s choice to pursue self-employment: The role of financial and human capital of household members", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 8-17
  • Chaganti, R., & Parasuraman, S., 1996, "A study of the impact of gender on business performance and management patterns in small businesses", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 73-75
  • Chell, E., & Baines, S., 1998, "Does gender affect business‘ performance’? A study of micro-businesses in business services in the U.K", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 117-135
  • Dobrev, S. D., Barnett, W. P., 2005, "Organizational roles and transitions to entrepreneurship", Acad. Management J, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 433–449.
  • Dolinsky, A. L., Caputo, Pasumarty, R. K., & Quazi, H., 1993, "The effects of education on business ownership: A longitudinal study of women", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 43-53.
  • Druker, P., 2006, “Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principle” Routledge Classics.
  • Dumas, C., 1992, "Integrating the daughter into family business management", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 4155.
  • DuRietz A. & Henrekson, M., 2000, "Testing the female underperformance hypothesis", Small Business Economics, vol. 14, pp. 1-10
  • Ecevit, Y. “Research on Women Entrepreneurs”, Retrieved March 22, 2017, , https://assets.garanti.com.tr/assets/pdf/tr/diger/K.G.A_eng_dijital_v_1.pdf
  • Elfenbein, D. W., B. H. Hamilton, W. B. and Zenger, T. R., 2010, "The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers", Management Science. 56 (4) 659–681
  • European Commission, "Statistical Data on Women Entrepreneurs in Europe-2014", Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/7481/attachments/1/translations
  • Evaluation of Women's Enterprise Initiative (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.wd-deo.gc.ca/eng/18274.asp
  • Fagenson, E. A., & Marcus, E. A.,1991, "Perceptions of the sex-role stereotypic characteristics of entrepreneurs: Women’s evaluations", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 15 , no. 4, pp. 33-47
  • Girls in Tech (n.d.) Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://girlsintech.org/#programs
  • Gompers, P., J. Lerner, D., 2005, "Entrepreneurial spawning: Public corporations and the genesis of new ventures", J. Finance, vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 577–614.
  • Hanssan, A. 2012, "Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from Sweden", Small Business Economics.
  • Hisrich, R. D. and Brush, C., 1984, "The woman entrepreneur: Management skills and business problems", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 30-37
  • Holmquist, C., and Sundin, E.,1990, "What’s special about highly educated women entrepreneurs", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 2, pp. 181-193.
  • Knight, F. H. 2005, "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit", Cosimo: pp. 22-40.
  • Marlow, S., 1997, "Self employed women: New opportunities, old challenges", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 199-210.
  • National Association of Women Business Owners 2007 Survey of Women Business Owners. http://businesscommunicationnetwork.com/wp-content/plugins/BNet/cache/1312925017917.pdf
  • Navale, A. B. 2013, "Developing Entrepreneur Skills for Corporate Work", Research Directions, vol 1, no. 4, pp.
  • Nelson, G. W., 1987, "Information needs of female entrepreneurs", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 38-44.
  • Parker, S. C. 2009. "Why do small firms produce the entrepreneurs?", J. Socio-Economic. vol. 38, vol. 3, pp. 484–494.
  • Rehman, S. and Roomi, M. A. 2012, "Gender and Work-life Balance: A Phenomenological Study of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 19, no. 2, pp.209 - 228.
  • Sexton D. L. and Bowman-Upton, N., 1990 "Female and Male Entrepreneurs: Psychological Characteristics and Their Role in Gender-related Discrimination". Journal of Business Venturing, vol 5, no 1, pp 29-36.
  • Sorensen, J., Nanda, R. 2013, "Workplace Peers and Entrepreneurship", Management Science, vol 56, no . 7, pp. 1116-1126.
  • Stoner, C. R., Hartman, R. I., & Arora, R.,1990, "Work-home role conflict in female owners of small businesses: an exploratory study", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 30-38
  • TGBD, 2017, “Turkiyede Teknoparklar”, Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://www.tgbd.org.tr/WebContent/WebContent/4707
  • TOBB Istanbul Kadin Girismciler Kurulu, Retrieved March 22, 2017, http://www.ikgk.org.tr/
  • Ufuk, H., & Ozgen, O., 2001, "Interaction between the business and family lives of women entrepreneurs in Turkey" , Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 95-106.
  • Wagner, J. 2004, "Are young and small firms hothouses for nascent entrepreneurs? Evidence from German micro data", Appl. Econom. Quart. vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 379–391.
  • Walker, W. et al., 2008, "Women and worklife Balance: Is Homebased Business Ownership the Solution?", Equal Opportunities International, vol. 27, no. 3, pp.258 - 275.
  • WeGate, (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.wegate.eu/who-we-are
  • Women Entrepreneurs MENA (n.d) Retrieved March 22, 2017, from http://www.we-mena.org/
  • Women TechMakers, (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, https://www.womentechmakers.com
  • Zapalska, A.M., 1997, "A profile of women entrepreneurs and enterprises in Poland", Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 35 , no. 4, pp. 76-82.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayca Tuzmen Yildirim Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuzmen Yildirim, A. (2017). OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. PressAcademia Procedia, 5(1), 247-252. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596
AMA Tuzmen Yildirim A. OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. PAP. Haziran 2017;5(1):247-252. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596
Chicago Tuzmen Yildirim, Ayca. “OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY”. PressAcademia Procedia 5, sy. 1 (Haziran 2017): 247-52. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596.
EndNote Tuzmen Yildirim A (01 Haziran 2017) OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. PressAcademia Procedia 5 1 247–252.
IEEE A. Tuzmen Yildirim, “OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY”, PAP, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 247–252, 2017, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596.
ISNAD Tuzmen Yildirim, Ayca. “OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY”. PressAcademia Procedia 5/1 (Haziran 2017), 247-252. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596.
JAMA Tuzmen Yildirim A. OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. PAP. 2017;5:247–252.
MLA Tuzmen Yildirim, Ayca. “OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY”. PressAcademia Procedia, c. 5, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 247-52, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.596.
Vancouver Tuzmen Yildirim A. OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WOMEN ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. PAP. 2017;5(1):247-52.

PressAcademia Procedia (PAP) publishes proceedings of conferences, seminars and symposiums. PressAcademia Procedia aims to provide a source for academic researchers, practitioners and policy makers in the area of social and behavioral sciences, and engineering.

PressAcademia Procedia invites academic conferences for publishing their proceedings with a review of editorial board. Since PressAcademia Procedia is an double blind peer-reviewed open-access book, the manuscripts presented in the conferences can easily be reached by numerous researchers. Hence, PressAcademia Procedia increases the value of your conference for your participants. 

PressAcademia Procedia provides an ISBN for each Conference Proceeding Book and a DOI number for each manuscript published in this book.

PressAcademia Procedia is currently indexed by DRJI, J-Gate, International Scientific Indexing, ISRA, Root Indexing, SOBIAD, Scope, EuroPub, Journal Factor Indexing and InfoBase Indexing. 

Please contact to procedia@pressacademia.org for your conference proceedings.