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Boşanma mı yoksa Çocuk için Evliliği Sürdürmek mi? Çocuğun Psikolojik Uyumu Açısından Önemli Bir Soru

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 275 - 289, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238189

Öz

Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda psikolojik sağlık alanında çalışan uzmanların oldukça sık karşılaştığı soru-lardan birine cevap aranmaya çalışılmaktadır. Son yıllarda, sadece dünyada değil ülkemizde de bo-şanma oranında oldukça hızlı bir artış olması nedeniyle bu soru daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusu, ebeveyn-ler tarafindan sorulan önemli bir soru haline gelmiştir. Araştırmacılar bu konuda birçok farklı sonuç bildirmektedir. Sadece boşanmanın tek başına etkisi değil, aynı zamanda, ebeveynler arasındaki ilişkinin kalitesine de odaklanılmaktadır. Ebeveynlerin unutmaması gereken önemli nokta, boşanma-nın tek başına çocuğun psikolojik uyumu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığıdır. Bu durumda, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi, yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusunun cevabı, ebeveynler arasındaki çatışmanın miktarı ve ebeveyn ilişkisinin kalitesinde aranmalıdır. Sonuç olarak, çocukların ruhsal gelişimi için en ideal ortam, ebeveynlerinin her ikisi ile aynı çatı altında yaşadığı ve ebeveynleri arasında az çatışmalı bir ilişkinin olduğu bir aile ortamıdır.


Kaynakça

  • Allison PD, Furstenberg FF (1989) How marital dissolution affects children: variations by age and sex. Dev Psychol, 25:540-549.
  • Amato PR (1994) Life-span adjustment of children to their parent’s divorce. the future of children. Children and Divorce, 4:143- 164.
  • Amato PR (1986) Marital conflict, the parent-child relationship and child self-esteem. Fam Relat, 35:403-410.
  • Amato PR (1987) Family process in one-parent, stepparent, and intact families: the child's point of view. J Marriage Fam, 49:327- 337.
  • Amato PR (1991) The child of divorce as a person prototype: bias in the recall of ınformation about children in divorced families. J Marriage Fam, 5:59-69.
  • Amato PR (1993) Children's adjustment to divorce: theories, hypotheses and empirical support. J Marriage Fam, 55:23-38.
  • Amato PR (2000) The consequences of divorce for adult and children. J Marriage Fam, 62:1269-1287.
  • Amato PR (2001) Children of divorce in the 1990’s. an update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. J Fam Psychol, 15:355-370.
  • Amato PR, Booth A (1996) A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationships. J Marriage Fam, 58:356-365.
  • Amato PR, Fowler F (2002) Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity. J Marriage Fam, 64:703-716.
  • Amato PR, Gilbreth GJ (1999) Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: a meta-analysis. J Marriage Fam, 61:557-573.
  • Amato PR, Keith B (1991) Parental divorce and the well-being of children: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 110:26-46.
  • Amato PR, Loomis LS, Booth A (1995) Parental divorce, marital conflict, and offspring well-being during early adulthood. Soc Forces, 73:895-915.
  • An th ony CJ, DiPern a JC, Amato PR (2014) Divo rc e, app ro aches to lea rning, and children's academic achievemen t: a longitudinal analysis of mediated and moderated effects. J Sch Psychol, 52:2 49– 261.
  • Arditti, J.A. (1999). Rethinking relationships between divorced mothers and their children: capitalizing on family strengths. Fam Relat, 48:109-119.
  • Bauserman R (2002) Child adjustment in joint-custody versus sole-custody arrangements: a meta-analytic review. J Fam Psychol, 16:91-102.
  • Benedek EP, Brown CF (1995) How to help your child overcome your divorce. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press.
  • Bing NM, Nelson WM, Wesolowski KL (2009) Comparing the effects of amount of conflict on children's adjustment following parental divorce. J Divorce Remarriage, 50:159-171.
  • Bond M (1998) Advocating for children of separating parents. Child Soc, 12:12-24.
  • Booth A, Amato PR (2001) Parental predivorce relations and offspring postdivorce well-being. J Marriage Fam 63:197-212.
  • Bryner CL (2001) Children of divorce. J Am Board Fam Pract, 14:201-210.
  • Buehler C, Gerard JM, (2002) Marital conflict, ineffective parenting and children’s and adolescents’ maladjustment. J Marriage Fam, 64:78-92.
  • Butler I (2003) Divorcing Children: Children’s Experience of their Parents’ Divorce. Philadelphia, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Butler I, Scanlan L, Robinson M, Douglas G, Murch M (2002) Children’s involvement in their parents’ divorce: implications for practice. Child Soc, 16:89-102.
  • Cancian M, Meyer DR, Brown PR, Coo k ST (2014) Who gets custody now? dramatic changes in children’s li vi ng arran ge ments after divorce. Demography, 51:1381–1396.
  • Cookston JT, Harrist AW, Ainslie RC (2003) Affiliative and instrumental marital discord, mother’s negative affect, and children’s negative interactions with unfamiliar peers. J Child Fam Stud, 12:185-200.
  • Difilippo JM, Overholser JC (2002) Depression, adult attachment and recollections of parental caring during childhood. J Nerv Ment Dis, 190:663-669.
  • Elam KK, Sandler I, Wolchik S, Tein JY (2016) Non-Residential father involvement, interparental conflict and mental health of children following divorce: a person-focused approach. J Youth Adolesc, 45:581–593
  • Fincham FD, Bradbury TN (1991) Marital conflict: towards a more complete ıntegration of research and treatment. advances in family intervention. Assesment and Theory, 5:1-24.
  • Fincham FD (1994) Understanding the association between marital conflict and child adjustment: overview. J Fam Psychol, 8:123- 127.
  • Fincham, F.D. (2003). Marital conflict: correlates, structure and context. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 12:23-27.
  • Fine MA (1997) Helping children cope with marital conflict, divorce, and remarriage. Psychotherapy in Practice, 3:55-67.
  • Francia L, Millear P (2015) Mastery or misery: conflict between separated parents a psychological burden for children. J Divorce Remarriage, 56:551-568.
  • Furstenberg FF, Kiernan KE (2001) Delayed parental divorce: how much do children benefit? J Marriage Fam 63:446-457.
  • Gale J, Mowery RL, Herrman MS, Hollett NL (2002) Considering effective divorce mediation: three potential factors. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 19:389-420.
  • Ganong LH, Colerman M (2002) Family resilience in multiple contexts. J Marriage Fam, 64:346-348.
  • Gatins D, Kinlaw CR, Dunlap LL (2013) Do the kids think they're okay? adolescents' views on the impact of marriage and divorce. J Divorce Remarriage, 54:313-328.
  • Gindes M (1998) The psychological effects of relocation for children of divorce. Journal of American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 15:119-148.
  • Grych JH (1998) Children’s appraisals of ınterparental conflict situational and contextual influences. J Fam Psychol, 14:437-453.
  • Harland P, Reijneveld SA, Brugman E, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Verhulst FC (2002) Family factors and life events as risk factors for behavioural and emotional problems in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 11:176-184.
  • Hawkins AJ, Nock SL, Wilson JC, Sanchez L, Wright JD (2002) Attitudes about covenant marriage and divorce: policy ımplications from a three-state comparison. Fam Relat, 51:166-175.
  • Havermans N, Botterman S, Matthijs K (2014) Family resources as mediators in the relation between divorce and children school engagement. Soc Sci J, 51: 564–579.
  • Heinicke CM, Guthrie D, Ruth G (1997) Marital adaptation, divorce and parental-ınfant development: a prospective study. Infant Ment Health J, 18:282-299.
  • Hipke KN, Wolchik SA, Sandler IN, Braver SL (2002) Predictors of children’s ıntervention induced resilience in a parenting program for divorced mothers. Fam Relat, 51:121-129.
  • Hortaçsu N (1991) Evlilik ve boşanma nedenlerine verilen önemi etkileyen faktörler olarak değerlendirme yaklaşımı, cinsiyet ve medeni durum. Aile ve Toplum, 1:35-40.
  • Isaacs A (2002) Children’s adjustment to their divorced parents’ new relations. J Paediatr Child Health, 38:329-331.
  • Jenkins JM (2000) Marital conflict and children’s emotions: the development of an anger organization. J Marriage Fam, 62:723- 736.
  • Jouriles EN, Farris AM, Mc Donald R (1991) Marital functioning and child behavior: measuring specific aspects of the marital relationship. Advances in Family Intervention, Assesment and Theory, 5:25-46.
  • Kitson GC, Morgan LA (1990) The multiple consequences of divorce: a decade review. J Marriage Fam, 52:913-924.
  • Knauth DG (2000) Predictors of parental sense of competence for the couple during the transition to parenthood. Res Nurs Health, 23:496-509.
  • Koerner SS, Wallace S, Lehman SJ, Raymond M (2002) Mother-to-daughter disclosure after divorce: are there costs and benefits? J Child Fam Stud, 11:469-483.
  • Krishnakumar A, Buehler C (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Fam Relat, 49:25-44.
  • Lamb ME, Sternberg KJ, Thompson RA (1997) The effects of divorce and custody arrangements on children’s behaviour, development and adjustment. Expect Evidence, 5:83-88.
  • Lampel AK (1996) Children’s alignment with parents ın highly conflicted custody cases. Fam Court Rev, 34:229-239.
  • Lengua LJ, Sandler IN, West SG, Wolchik SA, Curran PJ (1999) Emotionality and self-regulation, threat appraisal and coping in children of divorce. Dev Psychopathol, 11:15-37.
  • Lund LK, Zimmerman TS, Haddock SA (2002) The theory, structure and techniques fort he ınclusion of children in family therapy: a literature review. J Marital Fam Ther, 28:445-454.
  • Madden-Derdich DA, Leonard SA (2002) Shared experiences, unique realities: formerly married mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of parenting and custody after divorce. Fam Relat, 51:37-45.
  • Malcore SA, Windell J, Seyuin M, Hill E (2009) Predictors of continued conflict after divorce or separation: evidence from a high- conflict group treatment program. J Divorce Remarriage, 51:50-64.
  • Mandleco BL, Peery JC (2000) An organizational framework for conceptualizing resilience in children. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 13:99-111.
  • Modecki KL, Hagan MJ, Sandler I, Wolchik SA (2015) Latent profiles of nonresidential father engagement six years after divorce predict long-term offspring outcomes. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 44:1, 123-136.
  • Naraya A, Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Toth SL (2015) Interrelations of maternal expressed emotion, maltreatment, and separation/divorce and links to family conflict and children’s externalizing behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 43: 217-228.
  • Nomura Y, Wickramaratne PJ, Warner V, Mufson L, Weissman MM (2002) Family discord, parental depression and psychopathology in offspring: ten-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41:402-409.
  • Öngider N (2013) Boşanmanın çocuk üzerindeki etkileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 5:140-161.
  • Öngider N (2011) Anksiyete düzeyleri açısından boşanmış ve evli anneler ile çocuklarının incelenmesi. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 48:66- 70.
  • Öngider N (2006) Evli ve boşanmış ailelerde algılanan ebeveyn kabul veya reddinin çocuğun psikolojik uyumu üzerindeki etkileri (Doktora tezi). İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Rogers SJ, White LK (1998) Satisfaction with parenting: the roles of marital happiness, family structure, and parents’ gender. J Marriage Fam, 60:293-308.
  • Seltzer JA (1991) Relationships between fathers and children who live apart: the fathers role after separation. J Marriage Fam, 53:79-1001.
  • Shifflett K, Cummings ME (1999) A program for educating parents about the effects of divorce and conflict on children: an ınitial evaluation. Fam Relat, 48:79-89.
  • Skolnick AS, Skolnick JH (1999) Family Transition. USA, Addison-Wesley Longman.
  • Stacey R, McCabe MP (2001) Parental divorce during adolescence and adjustment in early adulthood. Adolescence, 36:467-489.
  • Stocker CM, Richmond MK, Low SM, Alexander EK, Elias NM (2003) Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: parental hostility and children’s ınterpretations as mediators. Soc Dev, 12:149-161.
  • Sun Y (2000) Family environment and adolescents’ well-being before and after parents’ marital disruption: a longitudinal analysis. J Marriage Fam, 63:697-713.
  • Sun Y, Li Y (2002) Children's well-being during parents’ marital disruption process: a pooled time-series analysis. J Marriage Fam, 64:472-488.
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) (2015) Evlenme ve boşanma istatistikleri, 2014. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18628. (Accessed at 24.2.2016).
  • Vandewater EA, Lansford JE (1998) Influences of family structure and parental conflict on children’s well-being. Fam Relat, 47:323-330.
  • Viry G (2014) Coparenting and children adjustment to divorce: the role of geographical distance from fathers. J Divorce Remarriage, 55:503-526.
  • Walton L, Oliver C, Griffin C (1999) Divorce mediation: the impact of mediation on the psychological well-being of children and parents. J Community Appl Soc Psychol, 9:35-46.
  • Walzer S ve Oles TP (2003) Accounting for divorce: gender and uncoupling narratives. Qual Sociol, 26:331-349.
  • Wang H, Amato PR (2000) Predictors of divorce adjustment: stressors, resources, and definitions. J Marriage Fam, 62:655-668.
  • Wenk D, Hardesty CL, Morgan CS, Blair SL (1994) The influence of parental ınvolvement on the well-being of sons and daughters. J Marriage Fam, 56:229-234.
  • Westberg H, Nelson TS, Piercy KW (2002) Disclosure of divorce plans to children: what the children to say. Contemp Fam Ther, 24:525-542.
  • Whiteside, M.F. & Becker, B.J. (2000). parental factors and the young child’s postdivorce adjustment: a meta-analysis with implications for parenting arrengement. J Fam Psychol, 14:5-26.
  • Wolchik SA, Tein JY, Sandler IN, Doyle KW (2002) Fear of abandonment as a mediator of the relations between divorce stressors on mother-child relationship quality and children’s adjustment problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 30:401-418.
  • Wolchik SA, Wilcox KL, Tein JY, Sandler IN (2000) Maternal acceptance and consistency of disipline as buffers of divorce stressors on children’s psychological adjustment problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 28:87-102.
  • Woodward L, Fergusson DM, Belsky J (2000) Timing of parental seperation and attachment to parents in adolescence: results of a prospective study from birth to age 16. J Marriage Fam, 62:162-174. Nilgün Öngider Gregory, Vanderbilt University, USA.

Divorce or Continue Marriage for Child? An Important Question about Psychological Adjustment of Child

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 275 - 289, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238189

Öz

Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda psikolojik sağlık alanında çalışan uzmanların oldukça sık karşılaştığı sorulardan birine cevap aranmaya çalışılmaktadır. Son yıllarda, sadece dünyada değil ülkemizde de boşanma oranında oldukça hızlı bir artış olması nedeniyle bu soru daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusu, ebeveynler tarafindan sorulan önemli bir soru haline gelmiştir. Araştırmacılar bu konuda birçok farklı sonuç bildirmektedir. Sadece boşanmanın tek başına etkisi değil, aynı zamanda, ebeveynler arasındaki ilişkinin kalitesine de odaklanılmaktadır. Ebeveynlerin unutmaması gereken önemli nokta, boşanmanın tek başına çocuğun psikolojik uyumu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığıdır. Bu durumda, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi, yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusunun cevabı, ebeveynler arasındaki çatışmanın miktarı ve ebeveyn ilişkisinin kalitesinde aranmalıdır.  Sonuç olarak, çocukların ruhsal gelişimi için en ideal ortam, ebeveynlerinin her ikisi ile aynı çatı altında yaşadığı ve ebeveynleri arasında az çatışmalı bir ilişkinin olduğu bir aile ortamıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Allison PD, Furstenberg FF (1989) How marital dissolution affects children: variations by age and sex. Dev Psychol, 25:540-549.
  • Amato PR (1994) Life-span adjustment of children to their parent’s divorce. the future of children. Children and Divorce, 4:143- 164.
  • Amato PR (1986) Marital conflict, the parent-child relationship and child self-esteem. Fam Relat, 35:403-410.
  • Amato PR (1987) Family process in one-parent, stepparent, and intact families: the child's point of view. J Marriage Fam, 49:327- 337.
  • Amato PR (1991) The child of divorce as a person prototype: bias in the recall of ınformation about children in divorced families. J Marriage Fam, 5:59-69.
  • Amato PR (1993) Children's adjustment to divorce: theories, hypotheses and empirical support. J Marriage Fam, 55:23-38.
  • Amato PR (2000) The consequences of divorce for adult and children. J Marriage Fam, 62:1269-1287.
  • Amato PR (2001) Children of divorce in the 1990’s. an update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. J Fam Psychol, 15:355-370.
  • Amato PR, Booth A (1996) A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationships. J Marriage Fam, 58:356-365.
  • Amato PR, Fowler F (2002) Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity. J Marriage Fam, 64:703-716.
  • Amato PR, Gilbreth GJ (1999) Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: a meta-analysis. J Marriage Fam, 61:557-573.
  • Amato PR, Keith B (1991) Parental divorce and the well-being of children: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 110:26-46.
  • Amato PR, Loomis LS, Booth A (1995) Parental divorce, marital conflict, and offspring well-being during early adulthood. Soc Forces, 73:895-915.
  • An th ony CJ, DiPern a JC, Amato PR (2014) Divo rc e, app ro aches to lea rning, and children's academic achievemen t: a longitudinal analysis of mediated and moderated effects. J Sch Psychol, 52:2 49– 261.
  • Arditti, J.A. (1999). Rethinking relationships between divorced mothers and their children: capitalizing on family strengths. Fam Relat, 48:109-119.
  • Bauserman R (2002) Child adjustment in joint-custody versus sole-custody arrangements: a meta-analytic review. J Fam Psychol, 16:91-102.
  • Benedek EP, Brown CF (1995) How to help your child overcome your divorce. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press.
  • Bing NM, Nelson WM, Wesolowski KL (2009) Comparing the effects of amount of conflict on children's adjustment following parental divorce. J Divorce Remarriage, 50:159-171.
  • Bond M (1998) Advocating for children of separating parents. Child Soc, 12:12-24.
  • Booth A, Amato PR (2001) Parental predivorce relations and offspring postdivorce well-being. J Marriage Fam 63:197-212.
  • Bryner CL (2001) Children of divorce. J Am Board Fam Pract, 14:201-210.
  • Buehler C, Gerard JM, (2002) Marital conflict, ineffective parenting and children’s and adolescents’ maladjustment. J Marriage Fam, 64:78-92.
  • Butler I (2003) Divorcing Children: Children’s Experience of their Parents’ Divorce. Philadelphia, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Butler I, Scanlan L, Robinson M, Douglas G, Murch M (2002) Children’s involvement in their parents’ divorce: implications for practice. Child Soc, 16:89-102.
  • Cancian M, Meyer DR, Brown PR, Coo k ST (2014) Who gets custody now? dramatic changes in children’s li vi ng arran ge ments after divorce. Demography, 51:1381–1396.
  • Cookston JT, Harrist AW, Ainslie RC (2003) Affiliative and instrumental marital discord, mother’s negative affect, and children’s negative interactions with unfamiliar peers. J Child Fam Stud, 12:185-200.
  • Difilippo JM, Overholser JC (2002) Depression, adult attachment and recollections of parental caring during childhood. J Nerv Ment Dis, 190:663-669.
  • Elam KK, Sandler I, Wolchik S, Tein JY (2016) Non-Residential father involvement, interparental conflict and mental health of children following divorce: a person-focused approach. J Youth Adolesc, 45:581–593
  • Fincham FD, Bradbury TN (1991) Marital conflict: towards a more complete ıntegration of research and treatment. advances in family intervention. Assesment and Theory, 5:1-24.
  • Fincham FD (1994) Understanding the association between marital conflict and child adjustment: overview. J Fam Psychol, 8:123- 127.
  • Fincham, F.D. (2003). Marital conflict: correlates, structure and context. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 12:23-27.
  • Fine MA (1997) Helping children cope with marital conflict, divorce, and remarriage. Psychotherapy in Practice, 3:55-67.
  • Francia L, Millear P (2015) Mastery or misery: conflict between separated parents a psychological burden for children. J Divorce Remarriage, 56:551-568.
  • Furstenberg FF, Kiernan KE (2001) Delayed parental divorce: how much do children benefit? J Marriage Fam 63:446-457.
  • Gale J, Mowery RL, Herrman MS, Hollett NL (2002) Considering effective divorce mediation: three potential factors. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 19:389-420.
  • Ganong LH, Colerman M (2002) Family resilience in multiple contexts. J Marriage Fam, 64:346-348.
  • Gatins D, Kinlaw CR, Dunlap LL (2013) Do the kids think they're okay? adolescents' views on the impact of marriage and divorce. J Divorce Remarriage, 54:313-328.
  • Gindes M (1998) The psychological effects of relocation for children of divorce. Journal of American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 15:119-148.
  • Grych JH (1998) Children’s appraisals of ınterparental conflict situational and contextual influences. J Fam Psychol, 14:437-453.
  • Harland P, Reijneveld SA, Brugman E, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Verhulst FC (2002) Family factors and life events as risk factors for behavioural and emotional problems in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 11:176-184.
  • Hawkins AJ, Nock SL, Wilson JC, Sanchez L, Wright JD (2002) Attitudes about covenant marriage and divorce: policy ımplications from a three-state comparison. Fam Relat, 51:166-175.
  • Havermans N, Botterman S, Matthijs K (2014) Family resources as mediators in the relation between divorce and children school engagement. Soc Sci J, 51: 564–579.
  • Heinicke CM, Guthrie D, Ruth G (1997) Marital adaptation, divorce and parental-ınfant development: a prospective study. Infant Ment Health J, 18:282-299.
  • Hipke KN, Wolchik SA, Sandler IN, Braver SL (2002) Predictors of children’s ıntervention induced resilience in a parenting program for divorced mothers. Fam Relat, 51:121-129.
  • Hortaçsu N (1991) Evlilik ve boşanma nedenlerine verilen önemi etkileyen faktörler olarak değerlendirme yaklaşımı, cinsiyet ve medeni durum. Aile ve Toplum, 1:35-40.
  • Isaacs A (2002) Children’s adjustment to their divorced parents’ new relations. J Paediatr Child Health, 38:329-331.
  • Jenkins JM (2000) Marital conflict and children’s emotions: the development of an anger organization. J Marriage Fam, 62:723- 736.
  • Jouriles EN, Farris AM, Mc Donald R (1991) Marital functioning and child behavior: measuring specific aspects of the marital relationship. Advances in Family Intervention, Assesment and Theory, 5:25-46.
  • Kitson GC, Morgan LA (1990) The multiple consequences of divorce: a decade review. J Marriage Fam, 52:913-924.
  • Knauth DG (2000) Predictors of parental sense of competence for the couple during the transition to parenthood. Res Nurs Health, 23:496-509.
  • Koerner SS, Wallace S, Lehman SJ, Raymond M (2002) Mother-to-daughter disclosure after divorce: are there costs and benefits? J Child Fam Stud, 11:469-483.
  • Krishnakumar A, Buehler C (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: a meta-analytic review. Fam Relat, 49:25-44.
  • Lamb ME, Sternberg KJ, Thompson RA (1997) The effects of divorce and custody arrangements on children’s behaviour, development and adjustment. Expect Evidence, 5:83-88.
  • Lampel AK (1996) Children’s alignment with parents ın highly conflicted custody cases. Fam Court Rev, 34:229-239.
  • Lengua LJ, Sandler IN, West SG, Wolchik SA, Curran PJ (1999) Emotionality and self-regulation, threat appraisal and coping in children of divorce. Dev Psychopathol, 11:15-37.
  • Lund LK, Zimmerman TS, Haddock SA (2002) The theory, structure and techniques fort he ınclusion of children in family therapy: a literature review. J Marital Fam Ther, 28:445-454.
  • Madden-Derdich DA, Leonard SA (2002) Shared experiences, unique realities: formerly married mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of parenting and custody after divorce. Fam Relat, 51:37-45.
  • Malcore SA, Windell J, Seyuin M, Hill E (2009) Predictors of continued conflict after divorce or separation: evidence from a high- conflict group treatment program. J Divorce Remarriage, 51:50-64.
  • Mandleco BL, Peery JC (2000) An organizational framework for conceptualizing resilience in children. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 13:99-111.
  • Modecki KL, Hagan MJ, Sandler I, Wolchik SA (2015) Latent profiles of nonresidential father engagement six years after divorce predict long-term offspring outcomes. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 44:1, 123-136.
  • Naraya A, Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Toth SL (2015) Interrelations of maternal expressed emotion, maltreatment, and separation/divorce and links to family conflict and children’s externalizing behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 43: 217-228.
  • Nomura Y, Wickramaratne PJ, Warner V, Mufson L, Weissman MM (2002) Family discord, parental depression and psychopathology in offspring: ten-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41:402-409.
  • Öngider N (2013) Boşanmanın çocuk üzerindeki etkileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 5:140-161.
  • Öngider N (2011) Anksiyete düzeyleri açısından boşanmış ve evli anneler ile çocuklarının incelenmesi. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 48:66- 70.
  • Öngider N (2006) Evli ve boşanmış ailelerde algılanan ebeveyn kabul veya reddinin çocuğun psikolojik uyumu üzerindeki etkileri (Doktora tezi). İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Rogers SJ, White LK (1998) Satisfaction with parenting: the roles of marital happiness, family structure, and parents’ gender. J Marriage Fam, 60:293-308.
  • Seltzer JA (1991) Relationships between fathers and children who live apart: the fathers role after separation. J Marriage Fam, 53:79-1001.
  • Shifflett K, Cummings ME (1999) A program for educating parents about the effects of divorce and conflict on children: an ınitial evaluation. Fam Relat, 48:79-89.
  • Skolnick AS, Skolnick JH (1999) Family Transition. USA, Addison-Wesley Longman.
  • Stacey R, McCabe MP (2001) Parental divorce during adolescence and adjustment in early adulthood. Adolescence, 36:467-489.
  • Stocker CM, Richmond MK, Low SM, Alexander EK, Elias NM (2003) Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: parental hostility and children’s ınterpretations as mediators. Soc Dev, 12:149-161.
  • Sun Y (2000) Family environment and adolescents’ well-being before and after parents’ marital disruption: a longitudinal analysis. J Marriage Fam, 63:697-713.
  • Sun Y, Li Y (2002) Children's well-being during parents’ marital disruption process: a pooled time-series analysis. J Marriage Fam, 64:472-488.
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) (2015) Evlenme ve boşanma istatistikleri, 2014. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18628. (Accessed at 24.2.2016).
  • Vandewater EA, Lansford JE (1998) Influences of family structure and parental conflict on children’s well-being. Fam Relat, 47:323-330.
  • Viry G (2014) Coparenting and children adjustment to divorce: the role of geographical distance from fathers. J Divorce Remarriage, 55:503-526.
  • Walton L, Oliver C, Griffin C (1999) Divorce mediation: the impact of mediation on the psychological well-being of children and parents. J Community Appl Soc Psychol, 9:35-46.
  • Walzer S ve Oles TP (2003) Accounting for divorce: gender and uncoupling narratives. Qual Sociol, 26:331-349.
  • Wang H, Amato PR (2000) Predictors of divorce adjustment: stressors, resources, and definitions. J Marriage Fam, 62:655-668.
  • Wenk D, Hardesty CL, Morgan CS, Blair SL (1994) The influence of parental ınvolvement on the well-being of sons and daughters. J Marriage Fam, 56:229-234.
  • Westberg H, Nelson TS, Piercy KW (2002) Disclosure of divorce plans to children: what the children to say. Contemp Fam Ther, 24:525-542.
  • Whiteside, M.F. & Becker, B.J. (2000). parental factors and the young child’s postdivorce adjustment: a meta-analysis with implications for parenting arrengement. J Fam Psychol, 14:5-26.
  • Wolchik SA, Tein JY, Sandler IN, Doyle KW (2002) Fear of abandonment as a mediator of the relations between divorce stressors on mother-child relationship quality and children’s adjustment problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 30:401-418.
  • Wolchik SA, Wilcox KL, Tein JY, Sandler IN (2000) Maternal acceptance and consistency of disipline as buffers of divorce stressors on children’s psychological adjustment problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol, 28:87-102.
  • Woodward L, Fergusson DM, Belsky J (2000) Timing of parental seperation and attachment to parents in adolescence: results of a prospective study from birth to age 16. J Marriage Fam, 62:162-174. Nilgün Öngider Gregory, Vanderbilt University, USA.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Nilgün Öngider Gregory Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2016
Kabul Tarihi 12 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Öngider Gregory N. Boşanma mı yoksa Çocuk için Evliliği Sürdürmek mi? Çocuğun Psikolojik Uyumu Açısından Önemli Bir Soru. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2016;8(3):275-289. doi:10.18863/pgy.238189

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