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Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 221 - 239, 31.08.2018

Öz



























Maps are present in flags as part of
their design and are more common in subnational flags. This study analyzed
4,804 subnational flags in North America – the continent with the most flags
with maps – to identify if maps are incorporated, the area the maps
represented and the presence of the theme of location. The theme of location
is one of the Five Themes of geography established in 1984 to aid geography
education. It provides a conceptual base to teach geography and geographic
concepts. Of the total number of subnational flags studied, 9% (429) have a
map on them. Most of the flags were observed in the United States due to the
large number of political subdivisions and subnational flags. Of this, 24%
(105 of 429) incorporate the theme of location. Most of the flags with this
theme are from the United States and from second level political
subdivisions. With this information, educators are encouraged to engage
students in critical thinking activities that promote flag, map and location
knowledge. Activities can focus on the map itself or the combination of flags
and maps.




Kaynakça

  • Associated Press. (2016). Senator from Warren proposes contest for new state flag. The Detroit News. Retrieved from http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/11/10/ senator-warren-proposes-contest-new-state-flag/93618010/.
  • Balm, R. (2012). Geography and visual information. In J.P. Stoltman, 21st Century Geography: A Reference Handbook (pp. 723-732). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Bartram, G.M.P., Kaye, E.B., Saber, J., Spain, C.A., & Tibbetts, P.S. (2014). The guiding principles of flag design. North American vexillological association and the flag institute. Retrieved from https://nava.org/navanews/Commission-Report-Final-US.pdf.
  • Basaraner, M. (2016). Revisiting cartography: towards identifying and developing a modern and comprehensive framework. Geocarto International, 31(1), 71-91.
  • Bearman, N., Jones, N., André, I., Cachinho, H.A., & DeMers, M. (2016). The future role of GIS education in creating critical spatial thinkers. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 20(3), 394-408.
  • Becker, J.C., Enders-Comberg, A., Wagner, U., Christ, O., & Butz, D.A. (2012). Beware of national symbolisms: How flags can threaten intergroup relations. Social Psychology, 43(1), 3-6.
  • Bednarz, S.W., Acheson, G., & Bendarz, R.S. (2003). Maps and map learning in social studies. Social Education, 70(7), 404-432.
  • Bednarz, S.W., Heffron, S.G., & Solem, M. (2014). Geography standards in the United States: past influences and future prospects. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 23(1), 79-89.
  • Beha, A. (2015). Disputes over the 15-point agreement on normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Nationalities Papers, 43(1), 102-121.
  • Blatt, A.J. (2011). Maps, geography libraries, and health outcomes: Gazing into the future of medical geography. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 7(1), 2-12.
  • Bordeleau, A.G. (2014). Flags of the night sky: When astronomy meets national pride. New York: Springler.
  • Bratta, P.M. (2009). Flag display post-9/11: A discourse on American nationalism. The Journal of American Culture, 32(3), 232-243.
  • Burton, T. (2015). Vexillogistics: An illustrated and practical guide to flag design. Milsons Point: Flags of Australia.
  • Canadian Geography Education. (2001). Canadian geography standards. Retrieved from http://www.cangeoeducation.ca/programs/geoliteracy/docs/Canadian_Geography_Standards.pdf.
  • Carney, G.O. (2001). Rockin’ and rappin’ in American music: Themes and resources. Journal of Geography, 100(6), 261-270.
  • Cartwright, W. & Heath, G. (2002). Geography as seen from the window: Explorations about viewpoint-specific images of geography defined by tools of visualization. Cartography, 31(2), 103-117.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The world factbook. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html.
  • Centro de Estudios Educativos [Center for Educational Studies]. (2010). Curricular Standards – Primary and Secondary. Retrieved from http://www.cee.edu.mx.
  • Çirakman, A. (2011). Flags and traitors: The advance of ethno-nationalism in the Turkish self-image. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(11), 1984-1912.
  • Clark, M.C. (2014). Symbolism: A third-grade experience. In J. Flood et al., Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative and Visual Arts (pp. 801-803). New York: Routledge.
  • Dane, P. (2008). Flags in context: A discussion of design, genre, and aesthetics. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 15, 43-80.
  • Demiralp, N. (2007). Geography education through maps. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 1(1), 93-102.
  • Department of Education. (2014). Puerto Rico Core Standards – Social Studies Program. Retrieved from http://www.de.gobierno.pr/files/estandares/Estandares_de_Estudios_Sociales.pdf.
  • Donaldson, D.P. & Kuhlke, O. (2009). Jules Verne’s around the world in eighty days: Helping teach the national geography standards. Journal of Geography, 108(2), 39-46.
  • Dunn, J.M. (2011) Location knowledge: Assessment, spatial thinking, and new national geography standards. Journal of Geography, 110(2), 81-89.
  • Ediger, M. (2005). Themes to emphasize in the geography curriculum. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(2), 160-163.
  • Endrst, E.B. (1992). So proudly they wave… Flags of the United Nations. UN Chronicle, 29(4), 74-75.
  • Eriksen, T.H. (2007). Some questions about flags. In T.H. Eriksen and R. Jenkins, Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America (pp. 1-13). New York: Routledge.
  • Fozdar, F., Spittles, B., & Hartley, L.K. (2014). Australia Day, flags on cars and Australia nationalism. Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 317-336. Gersmehl, P. (2014). Teaching Geography (3rd Ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hennerdal, P. (2015). Educational ideas in geography education in Sweden during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the relationship between maps and texts. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 24(3), 258-272.
  • Howe, J.B., Badillo, J.A., & Sherard, H. (2010). Capture the Flags. Mathematics Teaching in Middle School, 16(2), 72-75.
  • Kaye, M. (2009). Maps on Flags. In The Flag Institute, Proceedings of The XIX International Congress of Vexillology (pp. 89-106). London: The Flag Institute.
  • Kaye, T. (2009). Good flag bad flag how to design a great flag. Boston: NAVA.
  • Kizilçaoğlu, A. (2014). Geographical elements in country flags. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120, 116-123.
  • Little, B. (2016, September 13). Most Young Americans Can’t Pass a Test on Global Affairs – Can You? Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/09/survey-geography-foreign-relations-americans-students/
  • Littmann, L. (2016). South African flag sign: a teaching tool for easier ECG recognition of high lateral infarct. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 32, 107-108.
  • McAuliffe, C.P. (2013). Geoliteracy through aerial photography: Collaborating with K-12 educators to teach the national geography standards. Advances in Geospatial Information, Collections & Archives, 9(3), 239-258.
  • Minahan, J. (2010). The complete guide to national symbols and emblem, vol. 2. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press.
  • Ministry of Education of Guatemala [Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala]. (2007). Guatemalan Education Standards. [In Spanish] Estándares Educativos de Guatemala. Retrieved from http://www.estandaresdeguatemala.org/images/noticias/Manual%20estandares.pdf.
  • Monroe, S. & Smith, T. (1998). State geography standards: An appraisal of geography standards in 38 states and the District of Columbia. Washington, DC.: Thomas Be. Fordham Foundation.
  • Morales-Ramirez, C.A. (2015). Geographies of vexillology: Learning geography through flags. The Pennsylvania Geographer, 53(2), 93-106.
  • National Geographic Society. (n.d.) National Geographic Standards. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.org/standards/national-geography-standards/.
  • Natoli, S.J. (1994). Guidelines for geographic education and the fundamental themes in geography. Journal of Geography, 93(1), 2-6.
  • Offen, K. (2015). A geography of maps and texts. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14 (3): 273-280.
  • Ohio Department of Education. (n.d.). Social Studies. Retrieved from http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Social-Studies. Orr, G. (2010). A fetishised gift: The legal status of flags. Griffith Law Review, 19 (3), 504-526.
  • Paul, B.K. (2007). Exploring location in introductory human geography: The Case of Kansas Towns and Cities. The Social Sciences, 98(1), 28-34.
  • Petrisor, A. –I. (2013). Unconventional Maps: Geography Beyond the Real Territories. Romanian Review of Regional Studies, 9 (1), http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/docview/1464544157?accountid=13876.
  • Portland Flag Association. (n.d.). Municipal Flag Improvement. Retrieved from https://portlandflag.org/municipal-flag-improvement/
  • Purcell, J.M. (2012). Emotion and flags: A personal perspective. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 19, 1-4.
  • Puri, J. (2004). Encountering nationalism. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Schad, B., Georgeson, J., & Bunten, S. (2008). Flags by the numbers. Teaching Children Mathematics, 15(4), 218-220.
  • St. Peter, P.H. & Lanegran, D.A. (1993). The five fundamental themes of geography as advance organisers in instructional design. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 2(1), 51-63.
  • Stanhope, R.A., Dorow, E.B., & LaSota, K.A. (1988). Trends in geography teacher training and geographic illiteracy in America. The Clearing House, 62(2), 159-160.
  • Taylor, W. & Plewe, B. (2006). The effectiveness of interactive maps in secondary historical geography education. Cartographic Perspectives, 55, 16-33.
  • Teramoto, K. (2015). Maps, globes, cognitive space and geography education in Japan. In Y. Ida et al., Geography Education in Japan (pp. 87- 94). Tokyo: Springer.
  • Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills. Retrieved from http://tea.texas.gov/Academics/Curriculum_Standards/TEKS_Texas_Essential_Knowledge_and_Skills_(TEKS)_Review/Social_Studies_TEKS/.
  • The Ohio Statehouse. (n.d.). County Flags. Retrieved from http://www.ohiostatehouse.org/museum/county-flags.
  • Torguson, J.S. (2012). Cartography. In J.P. Stoltman, 21st Century Geography: A Reference Handbook (pp. 687-696). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Trifonoff, K.M. (1995). Going beyond location: Thematic maps in the early elementary grades. Journal of Geography, 94(2), 368-374.
  • Trivedi, B.P. (2002, November 20). Survey Reveals Geography Illiteracy. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1120_021120_GeoRoperSurvey.html.
  • United States Census Bureau. (2017). USA County Information. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/support/USACdata.html.
  • Whyte, B. (2007). On cartographic vexillology. Cartographica, 42(3), 251-262.
  • Widener, J.M. (2015). Our Place on the Map. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 11(1), 91-98.
  • Wiegand, P. (2006). Learning and teaching with maps. New York: Routledge.
  • Zeitler, E. (2013). Double-play: Using minor league baseball to apply themes and standards in human geography courses. Journal of Geography, 112(1), 29-40.
  • Znamierowski, A. (2010). The world encyclopedia of flags. London: Anness Publishing.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 221 - 239, 31.08.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Associated Press. (2016). Senator from Warren proposes contest for new state flag. The Detroit News. Retrieved from http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/11/10/ senator-warren-proposes-contest-new-state-flag/93618010/.
  • Balm, R. (2012). Geography and visual information. In J.P. Stoltman, 21st Century Geography: A Reference Handbook (pp. 723-732). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Bartram, G.M.P., Kaye, E.B., Saber, J., Spain, C.A., & Tibbetts, P.S. (2014). The guiding principles of flag design. North American vexillological association and the flag institute. Retrieved from https://nava.org/navanews/Commission-Report-Final-US.pdf.
  • Basaraner, M. (2016). Revisiting cartography: towards identifying and developing a modern and comprehensive framework. Geocarto International, 31(1), 71-91.
  • Bearman, N., Jones, N., André, I., Cachinho, H.A., & DeMers, M. (2016). The future role of GIS education in creating critical spatial thinkers. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 20(3), 394-408.
  • Becker, J.C., Enders-Comberg, A., Wagner, U., Christ, O., & Butz, D.A. (2012). Beware of national symbolisms: How flags can threaten intergroup relations. Social Psychology, 43(1), 3-6.
  • Bednarz, S.W., Acheson, G., & Bendarz, R.S. (2003). Maps and map learning in social studies. Social Education, 70(7), 404-432.
  • Bednarz, S.W., Heffron, S.G., & Solem, M. (2014). Geography standards in the United States: past influences and future prospects. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 23(1), 79-89.
  • Beha, A. (2015). Disputes over the 15-point agreement on normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Nationalities Papers, 43(1), 102-121.
  • Blatt, A.J. (2011). Maps, geography libraries, and health outcomes: Gazing into the future of medical geography. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 7(1), 2-12.
  • Bordeleau, A.G. (2014). Flags of the night sky: When astronomy meets national pride. New York: Springler.
  • Bratta, P.M. (2009). Flag display post-9/11: A discourse on American nationalism. The Journal of American Culture, 32(3), 232-243.
  • Burton, T. (2015). Vexillogistics: An illustrated and practical guide to flag design. Milsons Point: Flags of Australia.
  • Canadian Geography Education. (2001). Canadian geography standards. Retrieved from http://www.cangeoeducation.ca/programs/geoliteracy/docs/Canadian_Geography_Standards.pdf.
  • Carney, G.O. (2001). Rockin’ and rappin’ in American music: Themes and resources. Journal of Geography, 100(6), 261-270.
  • Cartwright, W. & Heath, G. (2002). Geography as seen from the window: Explorations about viewpoint-specific images of geography defined by tools of visualization. Cartography, 31(2), 103-117.
  • Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The world factbook. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html.
  • Centro de Estudios Educativos [Center for Educational Studies]. (2010). Curricular Standards – Primary and Secondary. Retrieved from http://www.cee.edu.mx.
  • Çirakman, A. (2011). Flags and traitors: The advance of ethno-nationalism in the Turkish self-image. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(11), 1984-1912.
  • Clark, M.C. (2014). Symbolism: A third-grade experience. In J. Flood et al., Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative and Visual Arts (pp. 801-803). New York: Routledge.
  • Dane, P. (2008). Flags in context: A discussion of design, genre, and aesthetics. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 15, 43-80.
  • Demiralp, N. (2007). Geography education through maps. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 1(1), 93-102.
  • Department of Education. (2014). Puerto Rico Core Standards – Social Studies Program. Retrieved from http://www.de.gobierno.pr/files/estandares/Estandares_de_Estudios_Sociales.pdf.
  • Donaldson, D.P. & Kuhlke, O. (2009). Jules Verne’s around the world in eighty days: Helping teach the national geography standards. Journal of Geography, 108(2), 39-46.
  • Dunn, J.M. (2011) Location knowledge: Assessment, spatial thinking, and new national geography standards. Journal of Geography, 110(2), 81-89.
  • Ediger, M. (2005). Themes to emphasize in the geography curriculum. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(2), 160-163.
  • Endrst, E.B. (1992). So proudly they wave… Flags of the United Nations. UN Chronicle, 29(4), 74-75.
  • Eriksen, T.H. (2007). Some questions about flags. In T.H. Eriksen and R. Jenkins, Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America (pp. 1-13). New York: Routledge.
  • Fozdar, F., Spittles, B., & Hartley, L.K. (2014). Australia Day, flags on cars and Australia nationalism. Journal of Sociology, 51(2), 317-336. Gersmehl, P. (2014). Teaching Geography (3rd Ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hennerdal, P. (2015). Educational ideas in geography education in Sweden during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the relationship between maps and texts. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 24(3), 258-272.
  • Howe, J.B., Badillo, J.A., & Sherard, H. (2010). Capture the Flags. Mathematics Teaching in Middle School, 16(2), 72-75.
  • Kaye, M. (2009). Maps on Flags. In The Flag Institute, Proceedings of The XIX International Congress of Vexillology (pp. 89-106). London: The Flag Institute.
  • Kaye, T. (2009). Good flag bad flag how to design a great flag. Boston: NAVA.
  • Kizilçaoğlu, A. (2014). Geographical elements in country flags. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120, 116-123.
  • Little, B. (2016, September 13). Most Young Americans Can’t Pass a Test on Global Affairs – Can You? Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/09/survey-geography-foreign-relations-americans-students/
  • Littmann, L. (2016). South African flag sign: a teaching tool for easier ECG recognition of high lateral infarct. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 32, 107-108.
  • McAuliffe, C.P. (2013). Geoliteracy through aerial photography: Collaborating with K-12 educators to teach the national geography standards. Advances in Geospatial Information, Collections & Archives, 9(3), 239-258.
  • Minahan, J. (2010). The complete guide to national symbols and emblem, vol. 2. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press.
  • Ministry of Education of Guatemala [Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala]. (2007). Guatemalan Education Standards. [In Spanish] Estándares Educativos de Guatemala. Retrieved from http://www.estandaresdeguatemala.org/images/noticias/Manual%20estandares.pdf.
  • Monroe, S. & Smith, T. (1998). State geography standards: An appraisal of geography standards in 38 states and the District of Columbia. Washington, DC.: Thomas Be. Fordham Foundation.
  • Morales-Ramirez, C.A. (2015). Geographies of vexillology: Learning geography through flags. The Pennsylvania Geographer, 53(2), 93-106.
  • National Geographic Society. (n.d.) National Geographic Standards. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.org/standards/national-geography-standards/.
  • Natoli, S.J. (1994). Guidelines for geographic education and the fundamental themes in geography. Journal of Geography, 93(1), 2-6.
  • Offen, K. (2015). A geography of maps and texts. Journal of Latin American Geography, 14 (3): 273-280.
  • Ohio Department of Education. (n.d.). Social Studies. Retrieved from http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Social-Studies. Orr, G. (2010). A fetishised gift: The legal status of flags. Griffith Law Review, 19 (3), 504-526.
  • Paul, B.K. (2007). Exploring location in introductory human geography: The Case of Kansas Towns and Cities. The Social Sciences, 98(1), 28-34.
  • Petrisor, A. –I. (2013). Unconventional Maps: Geography Beyond the Real Territories. Romanian Review of Regional Studies, 9 (1), http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/docview/1464544157?accountid=13876.
  • Portland Flag Association. (n.d.). Municipal Flag Improvement. Retrieved from https://portlandflag.org/municipal-flag-improvement/
  • Purcell, J.M. (2012). Emotion and flags: A personal perspective. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 19, 1-4.
  • Puri, J. (2004). Encountering nationalism. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Schad, B., Georgeson, J., & Bunten, S. (2008). Flags by the numbers. Teaching Children Mathematics, 15(4), 218-220.
  • St. Peter, P.H. & Lanegran, D.A. (1993). The five fundamental themes of geography as advance organisers in instructional design. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 2(1), 51-63.
  • Stanhope, R.A., Dorow, E.B., & LaSota, K.A. (1988). Trends in geography teacher training and geographic illiteracy in America. The Clearing House, 62(2), 159-160.
  • Taylor, W. & Plewe, B. (2006). The effectiveness of interactive maps in secondary historical geography education. Cartographic Perspectives, 55, 16-33.
  • Teramoto, K. (2015). Maps, globes, cognitive space and geography education in Japan. In Y. Ida et al., Geography Education in Japan (pp. 87- 94). Tokyo: Springer.
  • Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills. Retrieved from http://tea.texas.gov/Academics/Curriculum_Standards/TEKS_Texas_Essential_Knowledge_and_Skills_(TEKS)_Review/Social_Studies_TEKS/.
  • The Ohio Statehouse. (n.d.). County Flags. Retrieved from http://www.ohiostatehouse.org/museum/county-flags.
  • Torguson, J.S. (2012). Cartography. In J.P. Stoltman, 21st Century Geography: A Reference Handbook (pp. 687-696). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Trifonoff, K.M. (1995). Going beyond location: Thematic maps in the early elementary grades. Journal of Geography, 94(2), 368-374.
  • Trivedi, B.P. (2002, November 20). Survey Reveals Geography Illiteracy. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1120_021120_GeoRoperSurvey.html.
  • United States Census Bureau. (2017). USA County Information. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/support/USACdata.html.
  • Whyte, B. (2007). On cartographic vexillology. Cartographica, 42(3), 251-262.
  • Widener, J.M. (2015). Our Place on the Map. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 11(1), 91-98.
  • Wiegand, P. (2006). Learning and teaching with maps. New York: Routledge.
  • Zeitler, E. (2013). Double-play: Using minor league baseball to apply themes and standards in human geography courses. Journal of Geography, 112(1), 29-40.
  • Znamierowski, A. (2010). The world encyclopedia of flags. London: Anness Publishing.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Carlos A. Morales-ramırez Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Kasım 2017
Kabul Tarihi 1 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Morales-ramırez, C. A. (2018). Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 8(2), 221-239.
AMA Morales-ramırez CA. Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America. Review of International Geographical Education Online. Ağustos 2018;8(2):221-239.
Chicago Morales-ramırez, Carlos A. “Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 8, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2018): 221-39.
EndNote Morales-ramırez CA (01 Ağustos 2018) Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America. Review of International Geographical Education Online 8 2 221–239.
IEEE C. A. Morales-ramırez, “Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America”, Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 221–239, 2018.
ISNAD Morales-ramırez, Carlos A. “Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 8/2 (Ağustos 2018), 221-239.
JAMA Morales-ramırez CA. Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2018;8:221–239.
MLA Morales-ramırez, Carlos A. “Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America”. Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 8, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 221-39.
Vancouver Morales-ramırez CA. Cartographic Vexillology of Subnational Flags in North America. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2018;8(2):221-39.