Muqātil b. Sulaymān and Anthropomorphism

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 251 - 282, 20.12.2017

Yusuf Yurt Büşra Yurt

Öz

The purpose of this article is to examine whether the usual
accusations of anthropomorphism against the early Qur’ānic commentator Muqātil
b. Sulaymān are justified. Muqātil was a controversial figure, attacked by some
and praised by others. Until recently he has been accused of promoting an
extreme anthropomorphism. Both Muslim and Western scholars seem to take it for
granted that Muqātil had a bad reputation for one thing because he was an
anthropomorphist who had no qualms in assigning to God such human attributes as
bodily parts. Even though recent Western scholarship on the Qur’ānic exegesis
pays much attention to Muqātil’s tafsīr, there has not been a systematic
study on his interpretation of the anthropomorphic expressions in the Qur’ān.
This article shows that a closer reading of his tafsīr presents a different picture.
Muqātil put forth a complex view of the anthropomorphic expressions in the
Qur’ān, one that makes it difficult to simply label him an extreme
anthropomorphist. In addition to examining the sources from which the
anthropomorphic views were attributed to Muqātil, this article also questions
the reliability of those sources in light of the theological contestation in
early Islam.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Muqātil, tafsir, anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic expressions

Mukatil b. Süleyman ve Antropomorfizm

Öz

Bu makale, Mukatil b. Süleyman hakkında yapılan
antropomorfizm suçlamalarının doğruluğunu inceliyor.
İlk dönem müfessirlerinden Mukâtil aşırı
antropomorfizmi savunmakla itham edilmektedir. Hem Müslüman hem de batılı
bilginlerin bu konudaki kanaatleri kesin gibidir. Ancak, Mukatil’in
tefsirine çok önem verilen Batı’da onun Kuran'daki antropomorfik ifadeleri
nasıl tefsir ettiğine dair sistematik bir çalışma ortaya
konmamıştır. Bu makale, dikkatli bir okuma yapıldığında
Mukatil’e kolayca aşırı
antopomorfist etiketi yapıştırmanın zor
olduğunu ortaya koyar. Çalışma,
Mukatil’e antropomorfik görüşlerin
atfedildiği kaynakları incelemenin yanı sıra, erken dönem kelamî
tartışmaların ışığında,
sözkonusu kaynakların güvenirliğini
irdeler. Ayrıca iddiaların doğruluğunu
Mukatil’e ait tefsir ile el-Eşbâh
ve'n-nezâir isimli eserlerden sorgular.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mukâtil, tefsir, teşbih, anthropomorfik ifadeler

التجسيم عند مقاتل بن سليمان

Öz

ملخص: هذه المقالة تدرس حقيقة اتهامات التشبيه والتجسيم حول مقاتل بن سليمان. و من العلوم انه أحد مفسري العصور الأولى ،المتوفى

في 150/767 ، و متهم بالدفاع عن العقيدة التشبيه والتجسيم. وقد اتفقت آراء العلماء المسلمين والغربيين في هذا الموضوع. على الرغم

من التركيز الكبير على تتفسيره في الغرب، إلا أنه لم يتم عمل أي دراسة منهجية لكيفية تفسيره للتعبيرات المتشابهة في القرآن حتي الآن.

تكشف هذه المقالة أنه عند قراءة تفسيرمقاتل بعناية فإنه من الصعب إتهامه بالتشبيه والتجسيم. و بالإضافة إلى دراسة المصادر التي

تحتوي الإتهامات الموجهة لمقاتل فإن هذ العمل يبحث أيضا موثوقية تلك المصادر في ضوء المناقشات الكلامية المبكرة. فإن مصداقية

الادعاءات بحثت أيضا من كتابيه: تفسير مقاتل و الأشباه والنظائر

Anahtar Kelimeler

مقاتل, التفسير, التشبيه والمتشابه, القرآن

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