BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Role of Male and Female Athletes’ Physical Self-Perceptions and Life Satisfaction in Predicting Their Achievement Goals

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 65 - 76, 06.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.237577

Öz

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of self-esteem, global physical selfconcept, sport competence and life satisfaction in the prediction of achievement goal orientations in female and male athletes. 820 athletes (n male= 497; Xage=21.77 +- 3.92 ve n female=323; Xage=20.74 +- 3.78) participated in this study. Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, The Satisfaction with Life Scale and 2x2 Achievement Goals Questıonnaire for Sport were used as the measure of self-esteem, global physical self-concept, sport competence, life satisfaction and goal orientation levels, respectively. Data are reported as means and standard deviations and independent samples t tests were calculated to compare the scores for the two gender. Then, multiple regression analyses with stepwise were applied separately to data of male and female athletes. Gender differences were observed in sport competence (p<0.01) and life satisfaction (p<0.001) of participants. Global physical self-concept was positive related to mastery-approach goal orientation in female athletes (p<0.01). Among the male, scores on mastery-approach goal orientation were positive associated with self-esteem and sport competence (p<0.01) and negative associated with life satisfaction (p<0.05). Mastery-avoidance goal orientation was positive related to life satisfaction in female athletes (p<0.01). In contrast, mastery-avoidance goal orientation was nagative associated with selfesteem and positive associated with global physical self-concept in male athletes (p<0.01). Scores on sport competence was positive associated with performance- approach goal orientation for both gender (p<0.01). Performance- avoidance goal orientation was negative associated with self-esteem and positive associated with sport competence in both female and male athletes (p<0.05). In addition, in male athletes, global physical self-concept was positive related to performanceavoidance goals (p<0.05). In summary, it is concluded that physical self-perceptions and life satisfaction are efficient to predict achievement goal orientations of athletes.

Kaynakça

  • Adie JW, Duda JL, Ntoumanis N. (2008). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the psychological and emotional welfare of sport participants. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 302-322.
  • Almagro BJ, Sáenz-López P, Moreno-Murcia JA, Spray C. (2015). Motivational factors in young Spanish athletes: a qualitative focus drawing from self-determination theory and achievement goal perspectives. Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 15-28.
  • Aşçı FH. (2000). Congress Proceedings of 5th Sport Sciences Congress: The reliabilty and validity of PSDQ for Turkish population. Congress Proceedings of 5th Sport Sciences Congress. 3-5 November, Ankara: Hacettepe University, 122-123.
  • Aşçı FH. (2004). Benlik algısı ve egzersiz. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (4), 233-266.
  • Baranik LE, Stanley LJ, Bynum BH, Lance CE. (2010). Examining the construct validity of masteryavoidance achievement goals: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 23(3), 265-282.
  • Beville JM, Umstattd Meyer MR, Usdan SL, Turner LW, Jackson JC, Lian BE. (2014). Gender differences in college leisure time physical activity: application of the theory of planned behavior and integrated behavioral model. Journal of American College Health, 62(3), 173-184.
  • Bosacki SL. (2003). Psychological pragmatics in preadolescents: Sociomoral understanding, self-worth, and school behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(2), 141-155.
  • Çetinkalp Kazak Z. (2012). Achievement goals and physical self-perceptions of adolescent athletes. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 40(3), 473-480.
  • Conroy DE, Eliot AJ, Hofer SM. (2003). A 2x2 achievement goals questionnaire for sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 456-476.
  • Conroy DE, Coatsworth JD, Fifer AM. (2005). Testing dynamic relations between perceived competence and fear of failure in young athletes. European Review of Applied Psychology, 55(2), 99-110.
  • Cury FM, Biddle SJH, Sarrazin P, Famose JP. (1997). Achievement goals and perceived task. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 292-309.
  • Cury F, Da Fonséea D. (2001). Approach/avoidance and achievement goal theory: empirical data and conceptual advances. In: Cury F, Sarrazin P. (Eds). Theories of Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Research Review. Paris: Presse Universitaire de France, p: 121-142.
  • Çepikkurt F, İnanç BY. (2012). Mükemmeliyetçilik ve başarı hedeflerinin hentbolcuların müsabaka öncesi yaşadıkları durumluk kaygıyı belirlemedeki rolü. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (2), 43-51.
  • Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Duda JL, Chi L, Newton ML, Walling MD, Catley D. (1995). Task and ego orientation and intrinsic motivation in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26(1),40-63.
  • Duda JL. (1992). Motivation in sport setting: a goal perspective approach. In: Roberts GC. (Eds.) Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, p. 57-91.
  • Duda JL, White SA. (1992). Goal orientations and beliefs about the causes of success among elite athletes, The Sport Psychologist, 6, 334-343.
  • Eisenberg S, Delaney DJ. (1998). Psikolojik Danışma Süreci. (Çev: N. Ören ve M. Takkaç), İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Elliot AJ. (2006). The Hierarchical Model of Approach- Avoidance Motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 111- 116.
  • Elliot AJ, Sheldon KM, Church MA. (1997). Avoidance personal goals and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(9), 915-927.
  • Fouladchang M, Marzooghi R, Shemshiri B. (2009). The effect of gender and grade level differences on achievement goal orientations of Iranian undergraduate students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5), 968-972.
  • Fox K. (2000). The effects of exercice on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In: Biddle S, Fox K, Boutcher S. (Eds.), Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being Londres: Routhledge, p. 88-118.
  • Fox KR. (1997). The physical self and processes in self esteem development. In: Fox KR. (Eds.), The physical self: From motivation to well-being. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p. 111-139.
  • Gündoğar D, Gül SS, Uskun E, Demirci S, Keçeci D. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşam doyumunu yordayan etkenlerin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 10(1), 14-27.
  • Gürsel F, Koruç Z. (2004). Hedef belirlenen engelli olan ve olmayan öğrencilerde antrenmanın performans ve duygusal durumlar üzerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 15 (3), 137-154.
  • Hagger MS, Hein V, Chatzisarantis NL. (2011). Achievement goals, physical self-concept, and social physique anxiety in a physical activity context1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(6), 1299-1339.
  • Jacobs JE, Lanza S, Osgood DW, Eccles JS, Wigfield A. (2002). Changes in children’s self-competence and values: Gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve. Child development, 73(2), 509-527.
  • Kavussanu M, Harnisch DL. (2000). Self-esteem in children: Do goal orientations matter? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 229-242.
  • Kazak Çetinkalp Z. (2009). Sporda Hür İrade Kuramı ve Başarı Hedefi Kuramının Değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Klomsten AT, Skaalvik EM, Espnes GA. (2004). Physical self-concept and sports: Do gender differences still exist? Sex Roles, 50(1-2), 119-127.
  • Marsh HW, Richards GE, Johnson S, Roche L, Tremayne P. (1994). Physical self description questionnaire: Psychometric properties and a multitrait-multimethod analysis of relations to existing instruments. Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(3), 270-305.
  • Marsh HW, Craven RG. (2006). Reciprocal effects of self-concept and performance from a multidimensional perspective beyond seductive pleasure and unidimensional perspectives. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 133-163.
  • Middleton M, Midgley C. (1997). Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability: An underexplored aspect of goal theory. Journal of educational psychology, 89(4), 710-718.
  • Moen F, Federici RA, Skaalvik EM. (2014). Junior athletes’ goal orientation, motivation, and emotional and physical exhaustion. International Journal of Coaching Science, 8(2), 25-41.
  • Morris RL, Kavussanu M. (2008). Antecedents of approach-avoidance goals in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(5), 465-476.
  • Murcia JAM, Camacho AS, Rodríguez JMM. (2008). Prognostic of the perceived competence through motivation in practitioners of physical exercise. Fitness & Performance Journal, 7(6), 357-65.
  • Newton M, Duda JL. (1993). The relationship of task and ego orientation to performance: Cognitive content, affect, and attributions in bowling. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 16, 209-209.
  • Nicholls JG. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Noordegraaf MA, Çoknaz D. (2014). Türk kadın sporcuların 2012 Londra Olimpiyatları’na katılımı ve basında yer almaları ile ilgili bir değerlendirme. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 1351-1365.
  • Pajares F, Britner SL, Valiante G. (2000). Relation between achievement goals and self-beliefs of middle school students in writing and science. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(4), 406-422.
  • Patrick H, Ryan AM, Pintrich PR. (1999). The differential impact of extrinsic and mastery goal orientations on males’ and females’ self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual differences, 11(2), 153-171.
  • Pedišic Ž, Greblo Z, Phongsavan P, Milton K, Bauman AE. (2015). Are total, intensity-and domain-specific physical activity levels associated with life satisfaction among university students? PloS one, 10(2), 1-21.
  • Reilly T, Williams AM, Nevill A, Franks A. (2000). A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 695- 702.
  • Rethorst S, Duda JL. (1993). VIII World Congress of Sport Psychology: Goal orientations, cognitions, and emotions in gymnastics. In: Serpa S, Alves J, Ferreira V, Paula-Brito A, eds. Lisbon: International Society of Sport Psychology, 82-379.
  • Roberts GC. (1992). Motivation in sport and exercise: Conceptual constraints and convergence. In: Roberts GC. (Ed.). Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p. 3-29.
  • Toros T. (2005). Genç basketbolcularin oyunda kalma süreleri ile hedef perspektif yaklaşimi, yaşam doyumu ve algilanan motivasyonel iklim arasindaki ilişki. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 16(2), 50-63.
  • Toros T, Akyuz U, Bayansalduz M, Soyer F. (2010). Görev ve ego yonelimli hedeflerin yaşam doyumu ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (dağcılık sporu yapanlarla ilgili bir çalışma). Uluslararasi Insan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1039-1050.
  • Treasure DC, Biddle S. (1997). North American Society of the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity: Antecedents of physical self-worth and global self-esteem: Influence of achievement goal orientations and perceived ability, Denver, Colorado.
  • Vlachopoulos S, Biddle SJH, Fox K. (1996). A social cognitive investigation into the mechanisms of affect generation in children’s physical activity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 174-193.
  • Vlachopoulos S, Biddle SJH. (1996). Achievement goal orientations and intrinsic motivation in a track and field event in school physical education. European Physical Education Review, 2(2), 64-158.
  • Welk GJ, Eklund B. (2003). Validation of the children and youth self perception profile for young children. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(1), 51-65.
  • Wold B, Duda JL, Balaguer I, Smith ORF, Ommundsen Y, Hall HK, ve diğ. (2013). Comparing self-reported leisure-time physical activity, subjective health, and life satisfaction among youth soccer players and adolescents in a reference sample. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 328-340.
  • Wood W, Rhodes N, Whelan M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
  • Yetim U. (1991). Kişisel Projelerin Organizasyonu Açısından Yaşam Doyumu. Yayınlanmamıs Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.

Kadın ve Erkek Sporcularda Başarı Hedeflerini Öngörmede Kendini Fiziksel Algılama ve Yaşam Doyumunun Rolü

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 65 - 76, 06.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.237577

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın ve erkek sporcularda başarı hedefi yönelimini öngörmede kendine güven, genel fiziksel yeterlik, spor yeteneği ve yaşam doyumunun rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmaya farklı spor dallarından 820 sporcu (n erkek= 497; Xyaş= 21.77 +- 3.92 ve n kadın= 323; Xyaş=20.74 +- 3.78) katılmıştır. Katılımcıların kendine güven, genel fiziksel yeterlik, spor yeteneği düzeyini, yaşam doyumunu ve başarı hedeflerini belirlemek için sırasıyla Marsh Kendini Fiziksel Tanımlama Anketi, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ve Sporda 2x2 Başarı Hedefleri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin ortalama ve standart sapmaları belirlenmiş, cinsiyetler arasındaki farklılığı ortaya koymak amacıyla bağımsız gruplar için t testi hesaplanmıştır. Adımsal çoklu regresyon analizi kadın ve erkeklerin puanları için ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların spor yeteneği (p<0.01) ve yaşam doyumu (p<0.001) puanlarında cinsiyete göre farklılık görülmüştür. Kadın sporcularda genel fiziksel yeterlik algısı, ustalık-yaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Erkek sporcularda ise, ustalık-yaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile kendine güven ve spor yeteneği arasında pozitif (p<0.01); yaşam doyumu arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ustalık- kaçınma hedef yönelimi kadınlarda yaşam doyumu ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Buna karşın, erkeklerde ustalık-kaçınma hedef yönelimi, kendine güven ile negatif; genel fiziksel yeterlik algıları ile ise pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Spor yeteneği puanları hem kadınlarda hem de erkeklerde performansyaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Erkek ve kadınlarda performans-kaçınma hedefi alt ölçeği ile kendine güven negatif, spor yeteneği ise pozitif ilişki göstermiştir (p<0.05). Bunlara ek olarak erkeklerde genel fiziksel yeterlik, performans- kaçınma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Özetle, bu çalışma sonunda sporcuların başarı hedeflerine yönelimlerinde yaşam doyumu ve kendini fiziksel algılamanın etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adie JW, Duda JL, Ntoumanis N. (2008). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the psychological and emotional welfare of sport participants. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 302-322.
  • Almagro BJ, Sáenz-López P, Moreno-Murcia JA, Spray C. (2015). Motivational factors in young Spanish athletes: a qualitative focus drawing from self-determination theory and achievement goal perspectives. Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 15-28.
  • Aşçı FH. (2000). Congress Proceedings of 5th Sport Sciences Congress: The reliabilty and validity of PSDQ for Turkish population. Congress Proceedings of 5th Sport Sciences Congress. 3-5 November, Ankara: Hacettepe University, 122-123.
  • Aşçı FH. (2004). Benlik algısı ve egzersiz. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (4), 233-266.
  • Baranik LE, Stanley LJ, Bynum BH, Lance CE. (2010). Examining the construct validity of masteryavoidance achievement goals: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 23(3), 265-282.
  • Beville JM, Umstattd Meyer MR, Usdan SL, Turner LW, Jackson JC, Lian BE. (2014). Gender differences in college leisure time physical activity: application of the theory of planned behavior and integrated behavioral model. Journal of American College Health, 62(3), 173-184.
  • Bosacki SL. (2003). Psychological pragmatics in preadolescents: Sociomoral understanding, self-worth, and school behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(2), 141-155.
  • Çetinkalp Kazak Z. (2012). Achievement goals and physical self-perceptions of adolescent athletes. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 40(3), 473-480.
  • Conroy DE, Eliot AJ, Hofer SM. (2003). A 2x2 achievement goals questionnaire for sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 456-476.
  • Conroy DE, Coatsworth JD, Fifer AM. (2005). Testing dynamic relations between perceived competence and fear of failure in young athletes. European Review of Applied Psychology, 55(2), 99-110.
  • Cury FM, Biddle SJH, Sarrazin P, Famose JP. (1997). Achievement goals and perceived task. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 292-309.
  • Cury F, Da Fonséea D. (2001). Approach/avoidance and achievement goal theory: empirical data and conceptual advances. In: Cury F, Sarrazin P. (Eds). Theories of Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Research Review. Paris: Presse Universitaire de France, p: 121-142.
  • Çepikkurt F, İnanç BY. (2012). Mükemmeliyetçilik ve başarı hedeflerinin hentbolcuların müsabaka öncesi yaşadıkları durumluk kaygıyı belirlemedeki rolü. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (2), 43-51.
  • Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Duda JL, Chi L, Newton ML, Walling MD, Catley D. (1995). Task and ego orientation and intrinsic motivation in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26(1),40-63.
  • Duda JL. (1992). Motivation in sport setting: a goal perspective approach. In: Roberts GC. (Eds.) Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, p. 57-91.
  • Duda JL, White SA. (1992). Goal orientations and beliefs about the causes of success among elite athletes, The Sport Psychologist, 6, 334-343.
  • Eisenberg S, Delaney DJ. (1998). Psikolojik Danışma Süreci. (Çev: N. Ören ve M. Takkaç), İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Elliot AJ. (2006). The Hierarchical Model of Approach- Avoidance Motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 111- 116.
  • Elliot AJ, Sheldon KM, Church MA. (1997). Avoidance personal goals and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(9), 915-927.
  • Fouladchang M, Marzooghi R, Shemshiri B. (2009). The effect of gender and grade level differences on achievement goal orientations of Iranian undergraduate students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5), 968-972.
  • Fox K. (2000). The effects of exercice on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In: Biddle S, Fox K, Boutcher S. (Eds.), Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being Londres: Routhledge, p. 88-118.
  • Fox KR. (1997). The physical self and processes in self esteem development. In: Fox KR. (Eds.), The physical self: From motivation to well-being. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p. 111-139.
  • Gündoğar D, Gül SS, Uskun E, Demirci S, Keçeci D. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşam doyumunu yordayan etkenlerin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 10(1), 14-27.
  • Gürsel F, Koruç Z. (2004). Hedef belirlenen engelli olan ve olmayan öğrencilerde antrenmanın performans ve duygusal durumlar üzerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 15 (3), 137-154.
  • Hagger MS, Hein V, Chatzisarantis NL. (2011). Achievement goals, physical self-concept, and social physique anxiety in a physical activity context1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(6), 1299-1339.
  • Jacobs JE, Lanza S, Osgood DW, Eccles JS, Wigfield A. (2002). Changes in children’s self-competence and values: Gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve. Child development, 73(2), 509-527.
  • Kavussanu M, Harnisch DL. (2000). Self-esteem in children: Do goal orientations matter? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 229-242.
  • Kazak Çetinkalp Z. (2009). Sporda Hür İrade Kuramı ve Başarı Hedefi Kuramının Değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Klomsten AT, Skaalvik EM, Espnes GA. (2004). Physical self-concept and sports: Do gender differences still exist? Sex Roles, 50(1-2), 119-127.
  • Marsh HW, Richards GE, Johnson S, Roche L, Tremayne P. (1994). Physical self description questionnaire: Psychometric properties and a multitrait-multimethod analysis of relations to existing instruments. Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(3), 270-305.
  • Marsh HW, Craven RG. (2006). Reciprocal effects of self-concept and performance from a multidimensional perspective beyond seductive pleasure and unidimensional perspectives. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 133-163.
  • Middleton M, Midgley C. (1997). Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability: An underexplored aspect of goal theory. Journal of educational psychology, 89(4), 710-718.
  • Moen F, Federici RA, Skaalvik EM. (2014). Junior athletes’ goal orientation, motivation, and emotional and physical exhaustion. International Journal of Coaching Science, 8(2), 25-41.
  • Morris RL, Kavussanu M. (2008). Antecedents of approach-avoidance goals in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(5), 465-476.
  • Murcia JAM, Camacho AS, Rodríguez JMM. (2008). Prognostic of the perceived competence through motivation in practitioners of physical exercise. Fitness & Performance Journal, 7(6), 357-65.
  • Newton M, Duda JL. (1993). The relationship of task and ego orientation to performance: Cognitive content, affect, and attributions in bowling. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 16, 209-209.
  • Nicholls JG. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Noordegraaf MA, Çoknaz D. (2014). Türk kadın sporcuların 2012 Londra Olimpiyatları’na katılımı ve basında yer almaları ile ilgili bir değerlendirme. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 1351-1365.
  • Pajares F, Britner SL, Valiante G. (2000). Relation between achievement goals and self-beliefs of middle school students in writing and science. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(4), 406-422.
  • Patrick H, Ryan AM, Pintrich PR. (1999). The differential impact of extrinsic and mastery goal orientations on males’ and females’ self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual differences, 11(2), 153-171.
  • Pedišic Ž, Greblo Z, Phongsavan P, Milton K, Bauman AE. (2015). Are total, intensity-and domain-specific physical activity levels associated with life satisfaction among university students? PloS one, 10(2), 1-21.
  • Reilly T, Williams AM, Nevill A, Franks A. (2000). A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 695- 702.
  • Rethorst S, Duda JL. (1993). VIII World Congress of Sport Psychology: Goal orientations, cognitions, and emotions in gymnastics. In: Serpa S, Alves J, Ferreira V, Paula-Brito A, eds. Lisbon: International Society of Sport Psychology, 82-379.
  • Roberts GC. (1992). Motivation in sport and exercise: Conceptual constraints and convergence. In: Roberts GC. (Ed.). Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p. 3-29.
  • Toros T. (2005). Genç basketbolcularin oyunda kalma süreleri ile hedef perspektif yaklaşimi, yaşam doyumu ve algilanan motivasyonel iklim arasindaki ilişki. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 16(2), 50-63.
  • Toros T, Akyuz U, Bayansalduz M, Soyer F. (2010). Görev ve ego yonelimli hedeflerin yaşam doyumu ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (dağcılık sporu yapanlarla ilgili bir çalışma). Uluslararasi Insan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1039-1050.
  • Treasure DC, Biddle S. (1997). North American Society of the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity: Antecedents of physical self-worth and global self-esteem: Influence of achievement goal orientations and perceived ability, Denver, Colorado.
  • Vlachopoulos S, Biddle SJH, Fox K. (1996). A social cognitive investigation into the mechanisms of affect generation in children’s physical activity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 174-193.
  • Vlachopoulos S, Biddle SJH. (1996). Achievement goal orientations and intrinsic motivation in a track and field event in school physical education. European Physical Education Review, 2(2), 64-158.
  • Welk GJ, Eklund B. (2003). Validation of the children and youth self perception profile for young children. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(1), 51-65.
  • Wold B, Duda JL, Balaguer I, Smith ORF, Ommundsen Y, Hall HK, ve diğ. (2013). Comparing self-reported leisure-time physical activity, subjective health, and life satisfaction among youth soccer players and adolescents in a reference sample. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 328-340.
  • Wood W, Rhodes N, Whelan M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
  • Yetim U. (1991). Kişisel Projelerin Organizasyonu Açısından Yaşam Doyumu. Yayınlanmamıs Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gözde Ersöz

Zişan Çetinkalp Bu kişi benim

Robert Eklund Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ersöz, G., Çetinkalp, Z., & Eklund, R. (2016). Kadın ve Erkek Sporcularda Başarı Hedeflerini Öngörmede Kendini Fiziksel Algılama ve Yaşam Doyumunun Rolü. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(2), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.237577

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