Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler

Elif Çelik; Doğanay Yüksel; Özlem Turgay

doi:10.47495/okufbed.1008138

Derleme

Microplastic Pollution in Different Ecosystems: Occurrence, Toxicity and Risks

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1815 - 1842, 12.12.2022

Elif Çelik , Doğanay Yüksel , Özlem Turgay

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1008138

Öz

Microplastics, plastic fragments under 5 mm in length, are now in the public domain as a growing issue of global concern because of their potential impacts on the environment. Their fragmentation characteristics and tendency to sorb or release persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are determined by the polymer type. The high surface-to-volume ratio of microplastics favors their interaction with organic pollutants present in the surrounding area, particularly in the aqueous area. The inconsistent findings regarding the toxic effects of microplastics point to the need for further studies to interpret risks originating from microplastics. For this reason, standard sampling methodologies and easy, reliable analytical techniques are needed to determine the fate of microplastics in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, in the context of public health, it is crucial to identify the routes of human exposure, the potential toxicological consequences, and concerns. Therefore, this review assesses the microplastic contamination in the air, water and soil environment. Also, studies conducted in Turkey on microplastic pollution are given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microplastic, Toxicology, Persistent organic pollutant, Pollution, Trophic transfer

Kaynakça

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Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1815 - 1842, 12.12.2022

Elif Çelik , Doğanay Yüksel , Özlem Turgay

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1008138

Öz

Mikroplastikler olarak adlandırılan plastik fragmentleri oluşturdukları çevresel riskler nedeniyle son yıllarda oldukça dikkat çeken bir konudur. Mikroplastikler boyutlarına kıyasla oldukça geniş bir yüzey alanına sahip oldukları için bulundukları çevredeki organik kirleticilerin ve patojen mikroorganizmaların tutunabileceği yapılardır. Söz konusu plastik fragmentlerin bozulma, yayılma ve toksik karakteristikleri hakkına bilinenler sınırlıdır. Bu sebeple mikroplastik kaynaklı risklerin saptanması oldukça güçtür. Plastik fragmentlerin sucul ve karasal sistemlerdeki dinamiklerinin ve canlılar üzerindeki etkilerinin saptanabilmesi, detaylı örnekleme yöntemlerinin ve hızlı, ucuz, güvenilir analitik tekniklerin kullanıldığı rutin analizlerin geliştirilmesine bağlıdır. Mikroplastiklerin toplum sağlığı ve sucul, karasal ekosistemler üzerindeki muhtemel olumsuz etkilerine karşı yürütülecek mücadele, söz konusu çevresel kirleticilerin temel kontaminasyon yollarının tespit edilmesi ve anlaşılması sonrasında anlam kazanacaktır. Bu derlemede havadaki, sudaki ve karasal alanlardaki mikroplastik kontaminasyonu değerlendirilerek Türkiye’de mikroplastik kirliliği hakkında yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroplastik, Toksikoloji, Kalıcı organik kirletici, kirlilik, trofik transfer

Kaynakça

[1] Yurtsever M. Glitters as a source of primary microplastics: An approach to environmental responsibility and ethics, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2019a; 32(3): 459–478.
[2] Plastics Europe, Plastics-the facts 2019; https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources/market-data. (Erişim tarihi 20.12.2020).
[3] PAGEV, Türkiye Plastik Sektörü İzleme Raporu 2018.
[4] Bouwmeester H, Hollman PCH, Peters RJB. Potential health impact of environmentally released micro- and nanoplastics in the human food production chain: Experiences from nanotoxicology, Environmental Science & Technology 2015; 49(15): 8932–8947.
[5] Chubarenko I, Efimova I, Bagaeva M, Bagaev A, Isachenko I. On mechanical fragmentation of single-use plastics in the sea swash zone with different types of bottom sediments: Insights from laboratory experiments, Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020; 150(September 2019): 110726.
[6] Biber NFA, Foggo A, Thompson RC. Characterising the deterioration of different plastics in air and seawater, Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019; 141(June 2018): 595–602.
[7] Arthur C, Baker J, Bamford H. Proceedings of the international research workshop on the occurrence, effects, and fate of microplastic marine debris, In National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2019.
[8] Lusher AL, Tirelli V, O’Connor I, Officer R. Microplastics in arctic polar waters: the first reported values of particles in surface and sub-surface samples, Scientific Reports 2015; 5(1): 14947.
[9] Wang J, Zheng L, Li J. A critical review on the sources and instruments of marine microplastics and prospects on the relevant management in China, Waste Management & Research 2018; 36(10): 898–911.
[10] Boucher J, Friot D. Primary microplastics in the oceans: A Global Evaluation of Sources 2017.
[11] Lambert S, Sinclair C, Boxall A. Occurrence, degradation, and effect of polymer-based materials in the environment, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2014; In D. M. Whitacre (Ed.): Volume 227.
[12] Alomar C, Estarellas F, Deudero S. Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea: Deposition in coastal shallow sediments, spatial variation and preferential grain size, Marine Environmental Research 2016; 11: 1–10.
[13] Presence of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food, with Particular Focus on Seafood, EFSA Journal, 2016; 14(6).
[14] Naik R A, Rowles L S, Hossain A I, Yen M, Aldossary R M, Apul O G, … Saleh N B. Microplastic particle versus fiber generation during photo-transformation in simulated seawater, Science of The Total Environment 2020; 736: 139690.
[15] Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway T S. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review, Marine Pollution Bulletin 2011; 62(12): 2588–2597.
[16] Akdogan Z, Guven B. Microplastics in the environment: a critical review of current understanding and identification of future research needs, Environmental Pollution 2019; 254: 113011.
[17] Woodall L C, Sanchez-Vidal A, Canals M, Paterson G L J, Coppock R, Sleight V, … Thompson R C. The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris, Royal Society Open Science 2014; 1(4): 140317.
[18] Suaria G, Aliani S. Floating debris in the Mediterranean Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin 2014; 86(1–2): 494–504.
[19] Fossi M C, Panti C, Guerranti C, Coppola D, Giannetti M, Marsili L, Minutoli R. Are baleen whales exposed to the threat of microplastics? A case study of the Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), Marine Pollution Bulletin 2012; 64(11): 2374–2379.
[20] Horton A A, Walton A, Spurgeon D J, Lahive E, Svendsen C. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities, Science of the Total Environment 2017; 586: 127–141.
[21] Rainieri S, Barranco A. Microplastics, a food safety issue ?, Trends in Food Science & Technology 2019; 84(June 2017): 55–57.
[22] Kukulka T, Proskurowski G, Morét-Ferguson S, Meyer D W, Law K L. The effect of wind mixing on the vertical distribution of buoyant plastic debris, Geophysical Research Letters 2012; 39: L07601.
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Toplam 101 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Yapısal Biyoloji , Çevre Bilimleri, Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm	Derlemeler (REVIEWS)
Yazarlar	Elif Çelik 0000-0002-8280-8809 Doğanay Yüksel 0000-0002-1926-5573 Özlem Turgay 0000-0003-2286-833X
Yayımlanma Tarihi	12 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	11 Ekim 2021
Kabul Tarihi	9 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Çelik, E., Yüksel, D., & Turgay, Ö. (2022). Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1815-1842. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1008138
AMA	Çelik E, Yüksel D, Turgay Ö. Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. Aralık 2022;5(3):1815-1842. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1008138
Chicago	Çelik, Elif, Doğanay Yüksel, ve Özlem Turgay. “Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite Ve Riskler”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 1815-42. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1008138.
EndNote	Çelik E, Yüksel D, Turgay Ö (01 Aralık 2022) Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1815–1842.
IEEE	E. Çelik, D. Yüksel, ve Ö. Turgay, “Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 1815–1842, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1008138.
ISNAD	Çelik, Elif vd. “Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite Ve Riskler”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (Aralık 2022), 1815-1842. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1008138.
JAMA	Çelik E, Yüksel D, Turgay Ö. Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5:1815–1842.
MLA	Çelik, Elif vd. “Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite Ve Riskler”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 1815-42, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1008138.
Vancouver	Çelik E, Yüksel D, Turgay Ö. Farklı Ekosistemlerde Mikroplastik Kirlilik: Oluşum, Toksisite ve Riskler. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5(3):1815-42.