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Latin Amerika’da Yoksulluğu Önlemede Küreselleşmenin Etkisi: Arjantin Deneyimi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 696 - 915, 30.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1225706

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Arjantin’in yoksullukla mücadele politikalarını belirleyen faktörleri uluslararası, bölgesel, devlet-devlet altı analiz seviyelerinde ele almaktır. Yoksullukla mücadele politikalarının belirlenmesinde küreselleşme önemli bir olgudur. Neoliberal politikaların yaygınlaşması ülkeleri yoksulluk sorunuyla mücadele etme noktasında uluslararası sisteme bağımlı hale getirirken bir yandan da ulusal egemenliğin zedelenmesi yönündeki endişelerin artması bu politika alanını ulusal dinamiklerle şekillendirmeye doğru itmiştir. Arjantin, yaşadığı ekonomik krizleri atlatabilmek adına uluslararası sistemle Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) aracılığı ile etkileşimini artırırken sosyo-ekonomik politikalarını belirlerken de bölgesel düzlemdeki genel politika çizgisinden uzaklaşmamıştır. Yoksullukla mücadele konusunda Arjantin özellikle sosyal politika programları ve uzun vadeli planları ile birlikte ülkedeki yoksulluğu kontrol altında tutmak suretiyle azaltmaya çalışmıştır. 1990’lı yılların sonuna doğru yaşanan krizlerle birlikte dönüşüme uğramaya başlayan sosyal politika programları 2001 yılında yaşanan krizle birlikte köklü bir değişim geçirmiştir. Bu dönemde nakit transferleri ülkedeki yoksulluğu etkin bir şekilde azaltma yönünde önemli bir araç olarak görülmüştür. Devlet ve kurumları aracılığıyla yürütülen bu programların birçok alanda çeşitlenmesi Arjantin’in yoksullukla mücadele konusunda devlet ve devlet altı faktörleri etkin bir şekilde kullandığını ve en baskın politika belirleyici unsurun da devlet ve devlet altı faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. (2003). Economic growth, inequality, and poverty: Findings from a new data set. Washington: The World Bank Poverty Reduction Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/168041468761746890/pdf/multi0page.pdf in 19.02.2019.
  • Baumann Fonay, I., y Cohan, L. (2018). Crecimiento económico, PTF y PIB potencial en Argentina. Working Paper 0001, Ministerio de Hacienda, Secretaría de Política Económica- Subsecretaría de Programación Macroeconómica.
  • Besley, T., and Coate, S. (1992). Workfare versus welfare: Incentive arguments for work requirements in poverty-alleviation programs. The American Economic Review, 82(1), 249-261.
  • Bırau, R., and Doaga, D.I. (2019). The effects of poverty on emerging countries development in the context of globalization and rapid economic growth. Letters & Social Science Series, 1, 107-114.
  • Bradshaw, S., Chant, S., and Linneker, B. (2019). Challenges and changes in gendered poverty: The feminization, de-feminization, and re-feminization of poverty in Latin America. Feminist Economics, 25(1), 119- 144.
  • Caruso Bloeck, M., Galiani, S., and Weinschelbaum, F. (2019). Poverty alleviation strategies under informality: Evidence for Latin America. Latin American Economic Review, 28(14), 1-40.
  • Cervantes- Godoy, D., and Dewbre, J. (2010). Economic importance of agriculture for poverty reduction. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Cespedes Quiroga, M., and Martin, D.P. (2017). Technology foresight in traditional Bolivian sectors: Innovation traps and temporal unfit between ecosystems and institutions. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 119, 280-293.
  • Çetin, İ. (2021). Yolsuzluk Sosyal Harcamaları Azaltıyor mu? Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler için Bir Analiz. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 590-601.
  • Dollar, D., and Kraay, A. (2002). Spreading the wealth. Foreign Affairs- HEINONLINE, 81(1), 120-133. doi:10.2307/20033007.
  • Durmaz, Ş. (2016). İşgücü piyasasında kadınlar ve karşılaştıkları engeller. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(3), 37- 60.
  • Faur, E., Campos, L., Pautassi, L., and Zimerman, S. (2010). Rights questioned. Limitations of poverty-reduction policies in Argentina. International Social Science Journal- Wiley Online Library(60). doi:1468-2451.2010.01726.x
  • Féliz, M. (2011). The macroeconomic limits of income's policy in a dependent country: The need and possibilities for radical reformers in social policies in Argentina after the crisis (2001-2008). P. Mutis, Alicia and S. Ong'wen Okuro (Eds), Strategies against poverty- designs from the North and alternatives from the South in (pp.301- 324). Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLASCO).
  • Fernández-Álvarez, M.I. (2020). Building from heterogeneity: The decomposition and recomposition of the working class viewed from the "popular economy" in Argentina. Dialect Anthropol, (44), 57-68. doi:10624-018-9509-6.
  • Fiszbein, A., Aduriz, I., and Giovagnoli, P.I. (2003). The Argentine crisis and its impact on household welfare. CEPAL Review. Retrieved from https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/10935-argentine-crisis-and-its-impact-household-welfare in 07.02.2019.
  • Gupta, S.P. (1984). Conceptualizing poverty. Sociological Bulletin, 33(1/2), 63-74.
  • Haines, E.A., Ferrari- Filho, F., and Neyra, H. (2020). The consequences of the international financial crisis and the great recession in Argentina and Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 40(1), 68- 85.
  • Hanke, S. H. (2023, May 18). Hanke’s 2022 Misery Index. National Review. Retrieved from https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/hankes-2022-misery-index/ in 07.10.2023.
  • Hardoy, J., and Almansi, F. (2011). Poverty in Latin America. J. Hardoy and F. Almansi (Eds.) Assessing the scale and nature of urban poverty in Buenos Aires in (pp.3-11). International Institute for Enrivonment and Development.
  • Hoff, H., Monjeau, A., Gomez- Paredes, J., Frank, F., Rojo, S., Malik, A., and Adams, K. (2019). International spillovers in sdg implementation: The case of soy from Argentina. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).
  • Huang, J. (2016, Şubat 16). Argentine non-profit organizations provide food for over 48,000 people with leftovers from the Banquet. World Wide Web. Retrieved from https://world.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJTS5m in 10.10.2021.
  • Jonas, J. (2002). Argentine: The anatomy of a crisis. ZEİ Working Paper.
  • Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF). What is poverty. Retrieved from https://www.jrf.org.uk/ourwork/what-is-poverty in 03.02.2022.
  • Krogstad, E. (2007). The Post-Washington Consensus: Brand New Agenda or Old Wine in a New Bottle?. Challenge, 50(2), 67-85.
  • Löwy, M. (1998). Latin Amerika Marksizmi. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları.
  • Machado, F., Scartascini, C.G., and Tommasi, M. (2011). Political institutions and street protests in Latin America. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 55(3), 340-365.
  • Martin, D.P. (2019). Knowledge transfer models and poverty alleviation in developing countries: Critical approaches and foresight. Third World Quarterly, 40(7), 1209- 1226.
  • Mazur, J. (2000, Ocak). Labor’s new internationalism. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/labors-new-internationalism in 10.09.2022.
  • Medeiros, M., and Costa, J. (2006). Poverty among women in Latin America: Feminization or over- representation?. UNDP Brazil: International Poverty Centre. Retrieved from https://ipcig.org/sites/default/files/pub/en/IPCWorkingPaper20.pdf in 28.06.2021.
  • Moscovich, L. (2012). From top to bottom- and back to the top again: Federal spending, sub-national coalitions, and protests in Argentina. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 4(1), 35-72.
  • Munck, R. (2001). Argentina, or the political economy of collapse. International Journal of Political Economy, 67-88.
  • Munck, R. (2019). The labor question and dependent capitalism: The case of Latin America. J. Breman, K. Harris, C. Kwan Lee and M. van der Linden (Eds.), The social question in twenty first century in (pp.116-132). Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Murtaza, N., and Austin, M.J. (2015). Community organizing and service delivery during an economic crisis: The role of a Jewish ınternational ngo in Argentina, 2001- 2009. Social Development Issues, 37(1), 38-52.
  • Nardi, M.A. (2002). Análisis comparativo de modelos institucionales de intervención en desarrollo rural en la provincia de Misiones. Argentina: University of Buenos Aires.
  • Nuñez, P. A., Fernández-Slezak, D., Farall, A., Eugenia Szretter, M., Salomón, O.D., and Valeggia, C.R. (2016). Impact of universal health coverage on child growth and nutrition in Argentina. AJPH Research, 106(4), 720- 726. Poverty. (2022, Mart 7). Merriam- Webster. Retrieved from https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/poverty in 09.09.2022.
  • Rong, T., and Yanan, L. (2019). Research on non-profit organizations’ participation in the antipoverty problem in Argentina. Canadian Social Science, 15(8), 15- 29.
  • Ruckert, A. (2009). A decade of poverty reduction strategies in Latin America: Empowering or disciplining the poor. Labour, Capital and Society, 42(1-2), 56-81.
  • Schusterman, R, Almansi, F., Hardoy, A., Monti, C., and Urquiza, G. (2001). Poverty reduction in action: Participatory planning in san fernando, Buenos aires-Argentina. IIED Working Paper 6 on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas. Retrieved from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/drivers_urb_change/urb_governance/pdf_partic_proc/IIED_Schusterman_Poverty_Reduction_in_Action.pdf in 15.10.2022.
  • Skare, M., and Pržiklas Družeta, R. (2016). Poverty and economic growth: a review. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(1), 156- 175. doi:10.3846/20294913.2015.1125965.
  • Soldano, D., y Andrenacci, L. (2005). Aproximación a las teorias de la política social a partir del caso argentino. L. Andrenacci (Ed.), Problemas de política social en la Argentina contemporánea in (pp.21-90). Buenos Aires: Prometeolibros.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2004). The Post Washington Consensus Consensus. The Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD).
  • Tepepa, M. (2019). Social policy in Mexico and Argentina. Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.
  • Tetteh Baah, S.K., Castaneda Aguliar, R.A., Diaz-Bonilla, C., Fujs, T., Lakner, C., Nguyen, M.C. and Viveros, M. (2023). September 2023 global poverty update from the World Bank: new data on poverty during the pandemic in Asia. World Bank Blogs. Retrieved from https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/september-2023-global-poverty-update-world-bank-new-data-poverty-during-pandemic-asia in 10.10.2023.
  • The World Bank. (2002). Poor people in a rich country. Geneva: The World Bank- Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Programme.
  • The World Bank. World Development Indicators- Argentina. The World Bank- DataBank. Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators in 10.10.2023.
  • The World Bank. Poverty Headcount Ratio- Argentina. The World Bank- DataBank. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC?end=2021&locations=AR&start=2012 in 10.10.2023.
  • Thompson, A. A. (1997). Non-governmental organisations and philanthropy: The case of Argentina. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 8(4), 401- 417.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2009). Assessment of development results- evaluation of UNDP contribution- Argentina, executive summary. The USA: UNDP.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Independent country programme evaluation- Argentina. The USA: UNDP Independent Evaluation Office.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2006). Latin Amerika ve Başka Bir Kalkınma. İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2007a). Latin Amerika'da Yoksulluğa Karşı Dünya Bankası. H.Veltmeyer ve A. O'Malley (Der.) Neoliberalizmi aşmak- Latin Amerika'da kitle merkezli kalkınma: Kuramlar, deneyimler ve çıkartılacak dersler içinde (ss.175- 208). İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2007b). Merkezsizleşme ve Yerel Kalkınma. H.Veltmeyer ve A. O'Malley (Der.) Neoliberalizmi aşmak- Latin Amerika'da kitle merkezli kalkınma: Kuramlar, deneyimler ve çıkartılacak dersler içinde (ss.61-84). İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Wolfensoh, J. (1999). A proposal for a comprehensive development framework. The World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33432 in 20.12.2022.

The Effect of Globalization on Poverty Reduction in Latin America: Argentina Experience

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 696 - 915, 30.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1225706

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adams, R. (2003). Economic growth, inequality, and poverty: Findings from a new data set. Washington: The World Bank Poverty Reduction Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/168041468761746890/pdf/multi0page.pdf in 19.02.2019.
  • Baumann Fonay, I., y Cohan, L. (2018). Crecimiento económico, PTF y PIB potencial en Argentina. Working Paper 0001, Ministerio de Hacienda, Secretaría de Política Económica- Subsecretaría de Programación Macroeconómica.
  • Besley, T., and Coate, S. (1992). Workfare versus welfare: Incentive arguments for work requirements in poverty-alleviation programs. The American Economic Review, 82(1), 249-261.
  • Bırau, R., and Doaga, D.I. (2019). The effects of poverty on emerging countries development in the context of globalization and rapid economic growth. Letters & Social Science Series, 1, 107-114.
  • Bradshaw, S., Chant, S., and Linneker, B. (2019). Challenges and changes in gendered poverty: The feminization, de-feminization, and re-feminization of poverty in Latin America. Feminist Economics, 25(1), 119- 144.
  • Caruso Bloeck, M., Galiani, S., and Weinschelbaum, F. (2019). Poverty alleviation strategies under informality: Evidence for Latin America. Latin American Economic Review, 28(14), 1-40.
  • Cervantes- Godoy, D., and Dewbre, J. (2010). Economic importance of agriculture for poverty reduction. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Cespedes Quiroga, M., and Martin, D.P. (2017). Technology foresight in traditional Bolivian sectors: Innovation traps and temporal unfit between ecosystems and institutions. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 119, 280-293.
  • Çetin, İ. (2021). Yolsuzluk Sosyal Harcamaları Azaltıyor mu? Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler için Bir Analiz. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 590-601.
  • Dollar, D., and Kraay, A. (2002). Spreading the wealth. Foreign Affairs- HEINONLINE, 81(1), 120-133. doi:10.2307/20033007.
  • Durmaz, Ş. (2016). İşgücü piyasasında kadınlar ve karşılaştıkları engeller. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(3), 37- 60.
  • Faur, E., Campos, L., Pautassi, L., and Zimerman, S. (2010). Rights questioned. Limitations of poverty-reduction policies in Argentina. International Social Science Journal- Wiley Online Library(60). doi:1468-2451.2010.01726.x
  • Féliz, M. (2011). The macroeconomic limits of income's policy in a dependent country: The need and possibilities for radical reformers in social policies in Argentina after the crisis (2001-2008). P. Mutis, Alicia and S. Ong'wen Okuro (Eds), Strategies against poverty- designs from the North and alternatives from the South in (pp.301- 324). Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLASCO).
  • Fernández-Álvarez, M.I. (2020). Building from heterogeneity: The decomposition and recomposition of the working class viewed from the "popular economy" in Argentina. Dialect Anthropol, (44), 57-68. doi:10624-018-9509-6.
  • Fiszbein, A., Aduriz, I., and Giovagnoli, P.I. (2003). The Argentine crisis and its impact on household welfare. CEPAL Review. Retrieved from https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/10935-argentine-crisis-and-its-impact-household-welfare in 07.02.2019.
  • Gupta, S.P. (1984). Conceptualizing poverty. Sociological Bulletin, 33(1/2), 63-74.
  • Haines, E.A., Ferrari- Filho, F., and Neyra, H. (2020). The consequences of the international financial crisis and the great recession in Argentina and Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 40(1), 68- 85.
  • Hanke, S. H. (2023, May 18). Hanke’s 2022 Misery Index. National Review. Retrieved from https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/hankes-2022-misery-index/ in 07.10.2023.
  • Hardoy, J., and Almansi, F. (2011). Poverty in Latin America. J. Hardoy and F. Almansi (Eds.) Assessing the scale and nature of urban poverty in Buenos Aires in (pp.3-11). International Institute for Enrivonment and Development.
  • Hoff, H., Monjeau, A., Gomez- Paredes, J., Frank, F., Rojo, S., Malik, A., and Adams, K. (2019). International spillovers in sdg implementation: The case of soy from Argentina. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).
  • Huang, J. (2016, Şubat 16). Argentine non-profit organizations provide food for over 48,000 people with leftovers from the Banquet. World Wide Web. Retrieved from https://world.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnJTS5m in 10.10.2021.
  • Jonas, J. (2002). Argentine: The anatomy of a crisis. ZEİ Working Paper.
  • Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF). What is poverty. Retrieved from https://www.jrf.org.uk/ourwork/what-is-poverty in 03.02.2022.
  • Krogstad, E. (2007). The Post-Washington Consensus: Brand New Agenda or Old Wine in a New Bottle?. Challenge, 50(2), 67-85.
  • Löwy, M. (1998). Latin Amerika Marksizmi. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları.
  • Machado, F., Scartascini, C.G., and Tommasi, M. (2011). Political institutions and street protests in Latin America. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 55(3), 340-365.
  • Martin, D.P. (2019). Knowledge transfer models and poverty alleviation in developing countries: Critical approaches and foresight. Third World Quarterly, 40(7), 1209- 1226.
  • Mazur, J. (2000, Ocak). Labor’s new internationalism. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/labors-new-internationalism in 10.09.2022.
  • Medeiros, M., and Costa, J. (2006). Poverty among women in Latin America: Feminization or over- representation?. UNDP Brazil: International Poverty Centre. Retrieved from https://ipcig.org/sites/default/files/pub/en/IPCWorkingPaper20.pdf in 28.06.2021.
  • Moscovich, L. (2012). From top to bottom- and back to the top again: Federal spending, sub-national coalitions, and protests in Argentina. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 4(1), 35-72.
  • Munck, R. (2001). Argentina, or the political economy of collapse. International Journal of Political Economy, 67-88.
  • Munck, R. (2019). The labor question and dependent capitalism: The case of Latin America. J. Breman, K. Harris, C. Kwan Lee and M. van der Linden (Eds.), The social question in twenty first century in (pp.116-132). Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Murtaza, N., and Austin, M.J. (2015). Community organizing and service delivery during an economic crisis: The role of a Jewish ınternational ngo in Argentina, 2001- 2009. Social Development Issues, 37(1), 38-52.
  • Nardi, M.A. (2002). Análisis comparativo de modelos institucionales de intervención en desarrollo rural en la provincia de Misiones. Argentina: University of Buenos Aires.
  • Nuñez, P. A., Fernández-Slezak, D., Farall, A., Eugenia Szretter, M., Salomón, O.D., and Valeggia, C.R. (2016). Impact of universal health coverage on child growth and nutrition in Argentina. AJPH Research, 106(4), 720- 726. Poverty. (2022, Mart 7). Merriam- Webster. Retrieved from https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/poverty in 09.09.2022.
  • Rong, T., and Yanan, L. (2019). Research on non-profit organizations’ participation in the antipoverty problem in Argentina. Canadian Social Science, 15(8), 15- 29.
  • Ruckert, A. (2009). A decade of poverty reduction strategies in Latin America: Empowering or disciplining the poor. Labour, Capital and Society, 42(1-2), 56-81.
  • Schusterman, R, Almansi, F., Hardoy, A., Monti, C., and Urquiza, G. (2001). Poverty reduction in action: Participatory planning in san fernando, Buenos aires-Argentina. IIED Working Paper 6 on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas. Retrieved from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/drivers_urb_change/urb_governance/pdf_partic_proc/IIED_Schusterman_Poverty_Reduction_in_Action.pdf in 15.10.2022.
  • Skare, M., and Pržiklas Družeta, R. (2016). Poverty and economic growth: a review. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 22(1), 156- 175. doi:10.3846/20294913.2015.1125965.
  • Soldano, D., y Andrenacci, L. (2005). Aproximación a las teorias de la política social a partir del caso argentino. L. Andrenacci (Ed.), Problemas de política social en la Argentina contemporánea in (pp.21-90). Buenos Aires: Prometeolibros.
  • Stiglitz, J. E. (2004). The Post Washington Consensus Consensus. The Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD).
  • Tepepa, M. (2019). Social policy in Mexico and Argentina. Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.
  • Tetteh Baah, S.K., Castaneda Aguliar, R.A., Diaz-Bonilla, C., Fujs, T., Lakner, C., Nguyen, M.C. and Viveros, M. (2023). September 2023 global poverty update from the World Bank: new data on poverty during the pandemic in Asia. World Bank Blogs. Retrieved from https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/september-2023-global-poverty-update-world-bank-new-data-poverty-during-pandemic-asia in 10.10.2023.
  • The World Bank. (2002). Poor people in a rich country. Geneva: The World Bank- Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Programme.
  • The World Bank. World Development Indicators- Argentina. The World Bank- DataBank. Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators in 10.10.2023.
  • The World Bank. Poverty Headcount Ratio- Argentina. The World Bank- DataBank. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC?end=2021&locations=AR&start=2012 in 10.10.2023.
  • Thompson, A. A. (1997). Non-governmental organisations and philanthropy: The case of Argentina. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 8(4), 401- 417.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2009). Assessment of development results- evaluation of UNDP contribution- Argentina, executive summary. The USA: UNDP.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Independent country programme evaluation- Argentina. The USA: UNDP Independent Evaluation Office.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2006). Latin Amerika ve Başka Bir Kalkınma. İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2007a). Latin Amerika'da Yoksulluğa Karşı Dünya Bankası. H.Veltmeyer ve A. O'Malley (Der.) Neoliberalizmi aşmak- Latin Amerika'da kitle merkezli kalkınma: Kuramlar, deneyimler ve çıkartılacak dersler içinde (ss.175- 208). İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Veltmeyer, H. (2007b). Merkezsizleşme ve Yerel Kalkınma. H.Veltmeyer ve A. O'Malley (Der.) Neoliberalizmi aşmak- Latin Amerika'da kitle merkezli kalkınma: Kuramlar, deneyimler ve çıkartılacak dersler içinde (ss.61-84). İstanbul: Kalkedon.
  • Wolfensoh, J. (1999). A proposal for a comprehensive development framework. The World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33432 in 20.12.2022.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceren Urcan 0000-0002-4720-1788

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Urcan, C. (2023). Latin Amerika’da Yoksulluğu Önlemede Küreselleşmenin Etkisi: Arjantin Deneyimi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3), 696-915. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1225706