Development and Testing of Stress and Stressors Scale of Risky Pregnant Women in the Hospital

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 65 - 77, 07.08.2023

Samiye Mete Hülya Özberk Elif Uludağ

Öz

The aim of the study is to development and testing a scale to determine hospital-related stress and stressors that can be applied for risky pregnant women in all three trimesters. This is a methodological study. It was conducted from in the perinatology clinics of two training and research hospitals, between September 2019- December 2020 with 200 risky pregnant women. The data were collected with a sociodemographic form and the Stress and Stressors Scale of Risky Pregnant Women in Hospital. The construct validity of the scale was determined via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale consists of 20 items and five subdimensions. Cronbach’s alpha value is 0.87 for total scales. This value study showed that the scale is a valid and reliable. The scale can be used to determine hospital-related stress and stressors for all at-risky pregnant women and to contribute to planning of interventions for women' stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

risky pregnancy, stress, stressor, reliability, Hospital, validity

Hastanedeki Riskli Gebe Kadınlar İçin Stres ve Stresörler Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi ve Test Edilmesi

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, her üç trimesterdeki riskli gebeler için uygulanabilecek hastane ile ilgili stres ve stresörleri belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu metodolojik çalışma, Eylül 2019-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında iki eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin perinatoloji kliniklerinde 200 adet riskli gebe ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler sosyodemografik form ve Hastanedeki Riskli Gebelerin Stres ve Stresörleri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçek, 20 madde ve beş alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin toplamı için Cronbach's alfa değeri 0.87'dir. Bu çalışma, ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçek, tüm riskli gebe kadınlar için hastane ile ilgili stres ve stresörleri belirlemek ve kadınların stresine yönelik müdahalelerin planlanmasına katkıda bulunmak için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

riskli gebelik, stres, stresör, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Kaynakça

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2015). Screening for perinatal depression. Retrieved from http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Screening-for-Perinatal-Depression on 4 September 2022.
• Avramova, N. (2020). Theoretical aspects of stress: A review article. Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research, 7(8), 11-7.
• Çapık, A., & Pasinlioğlu, T. (2015). Validity and reliability study of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale into Turkish. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(4), 260-9. doi:10.1111/jpm.12211
• Ekolu, S.O., & Quainoo, H. (2019). Reliability of assessments in engineering education using Cronbach’s alpha, KR and split-half methods. Global Journal of Engineering Education, 21(1), 24-29.
• Elma, C. (2019). Teachers’ perceptions on school administrators’ spiteful behaviours. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 83, 57-80. doi:10.14689/ejer.2019.83.3
• Elvander, C., Cnattingius, S., & Kjerulff, K.H. (2013). Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: Findings from the first baby study. Birth, 40(4), 289-96. doi: 10.1111/birt.12065.
• Gourounti, K., Karpathitaki, N., & Vaslamatzis, G. (2015). Psychosocial stress in high riskhigh-risk pregnancy. International Archives of Medicine, 8(95), 1-9 doi: 10.3823/1694.
• Hayran, M., & Hayran, M. (2011). Basic statistics for health research. Art Ofset Publishing Organization.
• Holness, N. (2018). High-Risk pregnancy. Nursing Clinics of North America, 53(2), 241–251. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2018.01.010
• Janighorban, M., Heidari, Z., Dadkhah, A., & Mohammadi, F. (2018). Women's needs on bed rest during high-risk pregnancy and postpartum period: A qualitative study. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 6(3), 1327-1335. doi:10.22038/JMRH.2018.28162.1304
• Kalaycı, S. (2010). SPSS Applied multivariate statistical techniques. Asil Publishing.
• Knekta, E., Runyon, C., & Eddy, S. (2019). One size doesn't fit all: Using factor analysis to gather validity evidence when using surveys in your research. CBE: Life Sciences Education, 18(1), 1–17. doi:10.1187/cbe.18-04-0064
• Koyuncu, I., & Kılıc, A.F. (2019). The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: A document analysis. Education and Science, 44(198), 361-388.
• Lu, S., Wei, F., & Li, G. (2021). The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. Cell Stress, 5(6), 76.
• Oliveira, D.C., & Mandu, E.N.T. (2015). Women with high-risk pregnancy: Experiences and perceptions of needs and care. Escola Anna Nery, 19(1), 93-101. doi:10.5935/1414-8145.20150013
• Oskay, U. Y., & Coşkun, A. (2012). Effectiveness of comprehensive nursing care relieving problems of hospitalized high-risk pregnant women in bed rest. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11(2), 163-172.
• Pohlmann, F.C., Kerber, N.P.C., Viana, J.S., Carvalho, V.F., Costa, C.C., & Souza, C.S. (2016). Premature birth: approaches presents in national and international scientific production. Enfermería Global, 42, 410-423.
• Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489–497. doi:10.1002/nur.20147
• Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2004). Nursing research principles and methods. Lippinoott Williams & Wilkins. Rattray, J., & Jones, M.C. (2007). Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 234–243. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01573.x
• Razurel, C., Kaiser, B., Dupuis, M., Antonietti, J. P., Citherlet, C., Epiney, M., & Sellenet, C. (2014). Validation of the antenatal perceived stress inventory. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(4), 471-481. doi:10.1177/1359105312473785.
• Rodrigues, P.B., Zambaldi, C.F., Cantilino. A., & Sougey, E.B. (2016). Special features of high-risk pregnancies as factors in development of mental distress: A review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 38(3), 136-140. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0067.
• Şencan, H. (2005). Reliability and validity in social and behavioral measurements. Seçkin Publishing.
• Şimşek, O.F. (2010). Introduction to structural equation modeling. Ekinoks Publications.
• Somerville, S., Dedman, K., Hagan, R., Oxnam, E., Wettinger, M., Byrne, S., Coo, S., Doherty, D., & Page, A. C. (2014). The perinatal anxiety screening scale: development and preliminary validation. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 17(5), 443-454. doi: 10.1007/s00737-014-0425-8.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). The use of multivariate statistics. Nobel Academic Publishing.
• Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with SPSS. Nobel Academic Publishing.
• Tekindal, M. (2018). Personal progress scale – revised validity and reliability study of the Turkish version. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University Journal of Health Faculty, 3(3), 17-24.
• Terwee, C. B., Bot, S. D., de Boer, M. R., van der Windt, D. A., Knol, D. L., Dekker, J., Bouter, L. M., & de Vet, H. C. (2007). Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60(1), 34-42. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012
• World Health Organization. (2019). Maternal mortality. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/ on 4 September 2022.
• World Health Organization. (2017). Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: A guide for midwives and doctors. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255760/9789241565493-eng.pdf on 23 March 2022.
• World Health Organization. (2012). Born too soon. The global action report on preterm birth. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/201204_borntoosoon-report.pdf on 23 March 2022.