Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARININ OYUNCAK TERCİHLERİ: ERİL, DİŞİL, NÖTR OYUNCAKLAR VE RENKLERİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 467 - 480, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.62826-643149

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, çocukların oyuncak tercihleri, oyuncaklarla kimlerin oynayabileceğine ilişkin seçimleri ve oyuncak tercihlerinin altında yatan gerekçelerin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 5 yaş grubu 30 kız ve 30 erkek olmak üzere toplam 60 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri; dişil ve eril renklerde hazırlanmış üzerinde eril, dişil ve nötr oyuncak resimleri bulunan toplam 12 oyuncak kartı aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri iki yönlü tekrarlı ölçümler ANOVA ve kay-kare testi ile nitel verileri ise içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları; çocukların oyuncak tercihlerinde, oyuncak renginin oyuncak türünden daha belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Kızlar en az eril renkli oyuncakları tercih ederken erkeklerin en az tercih ettiği oyuncakların dişil renkli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Renklerine bakılmaksızın; kız çocukların nötr oyuncakları daha fazla tercih ettikleri, erkek çocukların ise en fazla eril oyuncakları tercih ettikleri, nötr ve dişil oyuncakları ise eşit düzeyde tercih ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte araştırma kapsamında yer alan çocuklar oyuncak türüne bakılmaksızın eril renkli tüm oyuncakların sadece erkekler için uygun olduğu görüşündedir. Oyuncak tercihinin altında yatan gerekçeler incelendiğinde; çocukların çoğunlukla toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin gerekçeler sundukları, bu gerekçeler arasında ise sıklıkla oyuncağın rengi ve türüne vurgu yaptıkları belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, G. M., & Hines, M. (2002). Sex differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(6), 467-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00107-1
  • Alexander, G. M., Wilcox, T., & Woods, R. (2009). Sex differences in infants’ visual interest in toys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9430-1
  • Auster, C. J., & Mansbach, C. S. (2012). The gender marketing of toys: An analysis of color and type of toy on the Disney store website. Sex Roles, 67(7-8), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0177-8
  • Aydilek-Çiftçi, M., & Özgün, Ö. (2011). Peer interactions and toy preferences of preschool aged children as functions of their parents. Education Sciences, 6(3), 2246-2261.
  • Berenbaum, S. A., & Hines, M. (1992). Early androgens are related to childhood sex-typed toy preferences. Psychological Science, 3(3), 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00028.x
  • Blakemore, J. E. O., & Centers, R. E. (2005). Characteristics of boys' and girls' toys. Sex Roles, 53(9-10), 619-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-7729-0
  • Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, 106(4), 676-713.
  • Caldera, Y. M., Huston, A. C., & O'Brien, M. (1989). Social interactions and play patterns of parents and toddlers with feminine, masculine, and neutral toys. Child Development, 60(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131072
  • Celebi-Oncu, E., & Unluer, E. (2012). Preschooler's views about gender related games and toys. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5924-5927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.006
  • Cherney, I. D., & Dempsey, J. (2010). Young children’s classification, stereotyping and play behaviour for gender neutral and ambiguous toys. Educational Psychology, 30(6), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.498416
  • Cherney, I. D., Harper, H. J., & Winter, J. A. (2006). Nouveaux jouets: Ce que les enfants identifient comme “jouets de garçons” et “jouets de filles”. Enfance, 58(3), 266-282.
  • Chiu, S. W., Gervan, S., Fairbrother, C., Johnson, L. L., Owen-Anderson, A. F., Bradley, S. J., & Zucker, K. J. (2006). Sex-dimorphic color preference in children with gender identity disorder: A comparison to clinical and community controls. Sex Roles, 55(5-6), 385-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9089-9
  • Connor, J. M., & Serbin, L. A. (1977). Behaviorally based masculine-and feminine-activity-preference scales for preschoolers: Correlates with other classroom behaviors and cognitive tests. Child Development, 48(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128500
  • Cunningham, S. J., & Macrae, C. N. (2011). The colour of gender stereotyping. British Journal of Psychology, 102(3), 598-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02023.x
  • Dinella, L. M., Weisgram, E. S., & Fulcher, M. (2017). Children’s gender-typed toy interests: Does propulsion matter? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 1295-1305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0901-5
  • Eisenberg, N., Murray, E., & Hite, T. (1982). Children's reasoning regarding sex-typed toy choices. Child Development, 53(1), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129639
  • Eisenberg, N., Tryon, K., & Cameron, E. (1984). The relation of preschoolers' peer interaction to their sex-typed toy choices. Child Development, 55(3), 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130156
  • Eisenberg, N., Wolchik, S. A., Hernandez, R., & Pasternack, J. F. (1985). Parental socialization of young children's play: A short-term longitudinal study. Child Development, 1506-1513. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130469
  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1990). Adult sex typing of children's toys. Sex Roles, 23(5-6), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290050
  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1993). Adult toy purchases for children: Factors affecting sex-typed toy selection. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14(3), 385-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(93)90016-O
  • Golombok, S., Rust, J., Zervoulis, K., Croudace, T., Golding, J., & Hines, M. (2008). Developmental trajectories of sex-typed behavior in boys and girls: A longitudinal general population study of children aged 2.5–8 years. Child Development, 79(5), 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01207.x
  • Hassett, J. M., Siebert, E. R., & Wallen, K. (2008). Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences parallel those of children. Hormones and Behavior, 54(3), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.008
  • Hines, M. (2010). Sex-related variation in human behavior and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(10), 448-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.005
  • Idle, T., Wood, E., & Desmarais, S. (1993). Gender role socialization in toy play situations: Mothers and fathers with their sons and daughters. Sex Roles, 28(11-12), 679-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289987
  • Jadva, V., Hines, M., & Golombok, S. (2010). Infants’ preferences for toys, colors, and shapes: Sex differences and similarities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1261-1273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9618-z
  • Karniol, R. (2011). The color of children’s gender stereotypes. Sex Roles, 65, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9989-1
  • Levy, G. D. (1999). Gender-typed and non-gender-typed category awareness in toddlers. Sex Roles, 41(11-12), 851-873. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018832529622
  • LoBue, V., & DeLoache, J. S. (2011). Pretty in pink: The early development of gender stereotyped colour preferences. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 656-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02027.x
  • Maccoby, E. E. (1999). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together (3th ed.). Harvard University Press.
  • Martin, C. L., Eisenbud, L., & Rose, H. (1995). Children's gender based reasoning about toys. Child Development, 66(5), 1453-1471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00945.x
  • Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological Bulletin, 128(6), 903-933.
  • O'Brien, M., Huston, A. C., & Risley, T. R. (1983). Sex-typed play of toddlers in a day care center. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(83)90054-0
  • Palmer, S. E., & Schloss, K. B. (2010). An ecological valence theory of human color preference. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(19), 8877-8882.
  • Passig, D., & Levin, H. (1999). Gender interest differences with multimedia learning interfaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00016-3
  • Pasterski, V. L., Geffner, M. E., Brain, C., Hindmarsh, P., Brook, C., & Hines, M. (2005). Prenatal hormones and postnatal socialization by parents as determinants of male‐typical toy play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Child Development, 76(1), 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00843.x
  • Pennell, G. E. (1994). Babes in toyland: Learning an ideology of gender. ACR North American Advances, 21, 359-364.
  • Picariello, M. L., Greenberg, D. N., & Pillemer, D. B. (1990). Children's sex-related stereotyping of colors. Child Development, 61(5), 1453-1460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02874.x
  • Pomerleau, A., Bolduc, D., Malcuit, G., & Cossette, L. (1990). Pink or blue: Environmental gender stereotypes in the first two years of life. Sex Roles, 22(5-6), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288339
  • Serbin, L. A., & Connor, J. M. (1979). Sex-typing of children's play preferences and patterns of cognitive performance. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134(2), 315-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1979.10534065
  • Servin, A., Nordenström, A., Larsson, A., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Prenatal androgens and gender-typed behavior: A study of girls with mild and severe forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Developmental Psychology, 39(3), 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.440
  • Snow, M. E., Jacklin, C. N., & Maccoby, E. E. (1983). Sex-of-child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age. Child Development, 54(1), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129880
  • Weisgram, E. S., Fulcher, M., & Dinella, L. M. (2014). Pink gives girls permission: Exploring the roles of explicit gender labels and gender-typed colors on preschool children's toy preferences. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(5), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.06.004
  • Wong, W. I., & Hines, M. (2015a). Effects of gender color-coding on toddlers’ gender-typical toy play. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1233-1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0400-5
  • Wong, W. I., & Hines, M. (2015b). Preferences for pink and blue: The development of color preferences as a distinct gender-typed behavior in toddlers. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1243-1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0489-1
  • Wood, E., Desmarais, S., & Gugula, S. (2002). The impact of parenting experience on gender stereotyped toy play of children. Sex Roles, 47(1-2), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020679619728
  • Yağan-Güder, S., & Alabay, E. (2016). Examination of the toys preferences in children aged 3-6 in the context of gender. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 17(2), 91-111.
  • Yıldız, F. Ü., & Kayılı, G. (2014). An investigation of preschool children's toy preferences according to different variants. Full Paper Proceeding GTAR-2014, 1, 358-364.

THE TOY PREFERENCES OF PRESCHOOLERS: MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTRAL TOYS AND THEIR COLORS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 467 - 480, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.62826-643149

Öz

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of toy type and toy color on toy preferences of children and the gender stereotypes about toys, and the underlying reasons of the toy preferences. The study group consisted of 30 girls and 30 boys, 60 children in total, from the age group of 5. The data of the research were collected through 12 toy cards with masculine, feminine and neutral toys that were decorated with feminine-masculine colors. The quantitative data of the study were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the chi-square test, and the qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of the study show that the color of the toy is more important than the type of the toy in children's toy preferences. It was determined that while the girls preferred the least masculine colored toys, the least preferred toys by the boys were identified as the feminine colored toys. Regardless of their color, girls prefer neutral toys more, boys prefer masculine toys the most and they prefer neutral and feminine toys equally. Also, the children in the scope of the study think that all masculine colored toys are only suitable for boys regardless of the type of the toy. When the reasons underlying the toy preferences are examined, it was found that the children mostly give reasons related to gender and among these reasons, they often emphasize the color and type of the toy.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, G. M., & Hines, M. (2002). Sex differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(6), 467-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00107-1
  • Alexander, G. M., Wilcox, T., & Woods, R. (2009). Sex differences in infants’ visual interest in toys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9430-1
  • Auster, C. J., & Mansbach, C. S. (2012). The gender marketing of toys: An analysis of color and type of toy on the Disney store website. Sex Roles, 67(7-8), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0177-8
  • Aydilek-Çiftçi, M., & Özgün, Ö. (2011). Peer interactions and toy preferences of preschool aged children as functions of their parents. Education Sciences, 6(3), 2246-2261.
  • Berenbaum, S. A., & Hines, M. (1992). Early androgens are related to childhood sex-typed toy preferences. Psychological Science, 3(3), 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00028.x
  • Blakemore, J. E. O., & Centers, R. E. (2005). Characteristics of boys' and girls' toys. Sex Roles, 53(9-10), 619-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-7729-0
  • Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, 106(4), 676-713.
  • Caldera, Y. M., Huston, A. C., & O'Brien, M. (1989). Social interactions and play patterns of parents and toddlers with feminine, masculine, and neutral toys. Child Development, 60(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131072
  • Celebi-Oncu, E., & Unluer, E. (2012). Preschooler's views about gender related games and toys. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5924-5927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.006
  • Cherney, I. D., & Dempsey, J. (2010). Young children’s classification, stereotyping and play behaviour for gender neutral and ambiguous toys. Educational Psychology, 30(6), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.498416
  • Cherney, I. D., Harper, H. J., & Winter, J. A. (2006). Nouveaux jouets: Ce que les enfants identifient comme “jouets de garçons” et “jouets de filles”. Enfance, 58(3), 266-282.
  • Chiu, S. W., Gervan, S., Fairbrother, C., Johnson, L. L., Owen-Anderson, A. F., Bradley, S. J., & Zucker, K. J. (2006). Sex-dimorphic color preference in children with gender identity disorder: A comparison to clinical and community controls. Sex Roles, 55(5-6), 385-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9089-9
  • Connor, J. M., & Serbin, L. A. (1977). Behaviorally based masculine-and feminine-activity-preference scales for preschoolers: Correlates with other classroom behaviors and cognitive tests. Child Development, 48(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128500
  • Cunningham, S. J., & Macrae, C. N. (2011). The colour of gender stereotyping. British Journal of Psychology, 102(3), 598-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02023.x
  • Dinella, L. M., Weisgram, E. S., & Fulcher, M. (2017). Children’s gender-typed toy interests: Does propulsion matter? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 1295-1305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0901-5
  • Eisenberg, N., Murray, E., & Hite, T. (1982). Children's reasoning regarding sex-typed toy choices. Child Development, 53(1), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129639
  • Eisenberg, N., Tryon, K., & Cameron, E. (1984). The relation of preschoolers' peer interaction to their sex-typed toy choices. Child Development, 55(3), 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130156
  • Eisenberg, N., Wolchik, S. A., Hernandez, R., & Pasternack, J. F. (1985). Parental socialization of young children's play: A short-term longitudinal study. Child Development, 1506-1513. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130469
  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1990). Adult sex typing of children's toys. Sex Roles, 23(5-6), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290050
  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1993). Adult toy purchases for children: Factors affecting sex-typed toy selection. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14(3), 385-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(93)90016-O
  • Golombok, S., Rust, J., Zervoulis, K., Croudace, T., Golding, J., & Hines, M. (2008). Developmental trajectories of sex-typed behavior in boys and girls: A longitudinal general population study of children aged 2.5–8 years. Child Development, 79(5), 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01207.x
  • Hassett, J. M., Siebert, E. R., & Wallen, K. (2008). Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences parallel those of children. Hormones and Behavior, 54(3), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.008
  • Hines, M. (2010). Sex-related variation in human behavior and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(10), 448-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.005
  • Idle, T., Wood, E., & Desmarais, S. (1993). Gender role socialization in toy play situations: Mothers and fathers with their sons and daughters. Sex Roles, 28(11-12), 679-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289987
  • Jadva, V., Hines, M., & Golombok, S. (2010). Infants’ preferences for toys, colors, and shapes: Sex differences and similarities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1261-1273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9618-z
  • Karniol, R. (2011). The color of children’s gender stereotypes. Sex Roles, 65, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9989-1
  • Levy, G. D. (1999). Gender-typed and non-gender-typed category awareness in toddlers. Sex Roles, 41(11-12), 851-873. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018832529622
  • LoBue, V., & DeLoache, J. S. (2011). Pretty in pink: The early development of gender stereotyped colour preferences. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 656-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02027.x
  • Maccoby, E. E. (1999). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together (3th ed.). Harvard University Press.
  • Martin, C. L., Eisenbud, L., & Rose, H. (1995). Children's gender based reasoning about toys. Child Development, 66(5), 1453-1471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00945.x
  • Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological Bulletin, 128(6), 903-933.
  • O'Brien, M., Huston, A. C., & Risley, T. R. (1983). Sex-typed play of toddlers in a day care center. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(83)90054-0
  • Palmer, S. E., & Schloss, K. B. (2010). An ecological valence theory of human color preference. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(19), 8877-8882.
  • Passig, D., & Levin, H. (1999). Gender interest differences with multimedia learning interfaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00016-3
  • Pasterski, V. L., Geffner, M. E., Brain, C., Hindmarsh, P., Brook, C., & Hines, M. (2005). Prenatal hormones and postnatal socialization by parents as determinants of male‐typical toy play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Child Development, 76(1), 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00843.x
  • Pennell, G. E. (1994). Babes in toyland: Learning an ideology of gender. ACR North American Advances, 21, 359-364.
  • Picariello, M. L., Greenberg, D. N., & Pillemer, D. B. (1990). Children's sex-related stereotyping of colors. Child Development, 61(5), 1453-1460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02874.x
  • Pomerleau, A., Bolduc, D., Malcuit, G., & Cossette, L. (1990). Pink or blue: Environmental gender stereotypes in the first two years of life. Sex Roles, 22(5-6), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288339
  • Serbin, L. A., & Connor, J. M. (1979). Sex-typing of children's play preferences and patterns of cognitive performance. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 134(2), 315-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1979.10534065
  • Servin, A., Nordenström, A., Larsson, A., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Prenatal androgens and gender-typed behavior: A study of girls with mild and severe forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Developmental Psychology, 39(3), 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.440
  • Snow, M. E., Jacklin, C. N., & Maccoby, E. E. (1983). Sex-of-child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age. Child Development, 54(1), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129880
  • Weisgram, E. S., Fulcher, M., & Dinella, L. M. (2014). Pink gives girls permission: Exploring the roles of explicit gender labels and gender-typed colors on preschool children's toy preferences. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(5), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.06.004
  • Wong, W. I., & Hines, M. (2015a). Effects of gender color-coding on toddlers’ gender-typical toy play. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1233-1242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0400-5
  • Wong, W. I., & Hines, M. (2015b). Preferences for pink and blue: The development of color preferences as a distinct gender-typed behavior in toddlers. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1243-1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0489-1
  • Wood, E., Desmarais, S., & Gugula, S. (2002). The impact of parenting experience on gender stereotyped toy play of children. Sex Roles, 47(1-2), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020679619728
  • Yağan-Güder, S., & Alabay, E. (2016). Examination of the toys preferences in children aged 3-6 in the context of gender. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (KEFAD), 17(2), 91-111.
  • Yıldız, F. Ü., & Kayılı, G. (2014). An investigation of preschool children's toy preferences according to different variants. Full Paper Proceeding GTAR-2014, 1, 358-364.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Rabia Özen Uyar 0000-0003-1840-7952

Melek Merve Yılmaz 0000-0002-4553-7448

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özen Uyar, R., & Yılmaz, M. M. (2021). OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARININ OYUNCAK TERCİHLERİ: ERİL, DİŞİL, NÖTR OYUNCAKLAR VE RENKLERİ. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.62826-643149