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Investigation of the concept of Tian in Confucianism

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 153 - 157, 31.10.2017

Öz

Tian (天) is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. It is really important to understand the concept of Tian if wish to insight into Chinese culture and religions. Although some experts and scholars have claimed that the concept of Tian dates back to Shang Dynasty, they have not been able to prove their claims. In spite of the root of the Tian has not been known yet, it has deeply influenced Chinese culture for many years. Even today, the traces of Tian can be seen in Chinese society.

In this paper I shall examine the evolution of Tian in the Chinese dynasty periods. Besides, I shall explain the importance of Tian in Chinese culture and religions.

This study is designed to provide a better understanding of the concept of Tian in Confucianism.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Joseph (2014) Confucianism as a Religious Tradition: Linguistic and Methodological Problems. Gambier, USA: Kenyon College.
  • Chan, Wing-tsit (1963) A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Chang, Ruth (1989) Finding the Meanings of Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven in Ancient China. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania.
  • Ch’en, Kenneth (1973) The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Creel, Herrle (1953) Chinese Thought: from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Creel,
  • Herrle (1960) Confucius and the Chinese Way. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Creel, Herrle (1970) The Origins of Statecraft in China. The Western Zhou Empire. Chiago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ebrey, Patricia and Gregory, Peter (1993) Religion and Society in Tang and Song China. Hawaii: University of Hawaii
  • Press. Eno, Robert (2008) Shang State Religion and the Pantheon of the Oracle Texts. Brill, 21(1): 41-102.
  • Feng, Li (2006) Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Legge, James (1893) The Chinese Classic with a translation, critical, and exegetical notes prolegomena, and copious indexes. Clarendon press, 1(2): 214.
  • Littlejohn, Ronnie (2010) Confucianism: An Introduction. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Major, John (1993) Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Watson, Burton (1989) The Tso Chuan: Selections from China's Oldest Narrative History. New York: Columbia University Press.

Konfüçyüsçülük’teki Tian kavramının incelenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 153 - 157, 31.10.2017

Öz

Tian (天), cennet için kullanılmış en eski Çin terimlerinden birisidir ve Çin mitolojisi, felsefesi ve dini için önemli bir kavramdır. Çin kültürü ve dininin iç yüzünü öğrenmek için, Tian kavramının çok iyi bir şekilde anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Tian kavramının kökeni hakkında net bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bazı uzmanlar ve akademisyenler Tian’ın Shang Hanedanlığına dayandığını iddia etmişlerdir fakat bu iddialarını kanıtlayamadılar. Tian kavramının kökeni henüz bilinmese de uzun yıllar Çin kültürünü derinden etkilemiştir. Bugün bile Tian’ın izleri Çin toplumunda görülmektedir.

Bu yazıda Tian kavramının Çin hanedanlığı dönemlerindeki gelişimi incelenecektir. Bunun yanında, Tian kavramının Çin kültürü ve dinlerindeki öneminden söz edilecektir.

Bu çalışma, Konfüçyüsçülük’teki Tian kavramını anlamak ve daha iyi kavranmasını sağlamak için hazırlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Joseph (2014) Confucianism as a Religious Tradition: Linguistic and Methodological Problems. Gambier, USA: Kenyon College.
  • Chan, Wing-tsit (1963) A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Chang, Ruth (1989) Finding the Meanings of Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven in Ancient China. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania.
  • Ch’en, Kenneth (1973) The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Creel, Herrle (1953) Chinese Thought: from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Creel,
  • Herrle (1960) Confucius and the Chinese Way. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Creel, Herrle (1970) The Origins of Statecraft in China. The Western Zhou Empire. Chiago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ebrey, Patricia and Gregory, Peter (1993) Religion and Society in Tang and Song China. Hawaii: University of Hawaii
  • Press. Eno, Robert (2008) Shang State Religion and the Pantheon of the Oracle Texts. Brill, 21(1): 41-102.
  • Feng, Li (2006) Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Legge, James (1893) The Chinese Classic with a translation, critical, and exegetical notes prolegomena, and copious indexes. Clarendon press, 1(2): 214.
  • Littlejohn, Ronnie (2010) Confucianism: An Introduction. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Major, John (1993) Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Watson, Burton (1989) The Tso Chuan: Selections from China's Oldest Narrative History. New York: Columbia University Press.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları, Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Gönder

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2017
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Gönder, H. (2017). Konfüçyüsçülük’teki Tian kavramının incelenmesi. Abant Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(4), 153-157.