Farklı Biyopolimerler ile Kaplanmış Ağartılmamış Kraft Kâğıtlarının Mekanik ve Fiziksel Özellikleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 29.02.2024

Meryem Ondaral Evren Ersoy Kalyoncu

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1381005

Öz

Plastik film kaplamalar uzun yıllardır ambalaj malzemesi üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Gıda ambalajlarında kullanılan malzemenin insan sağlığına zarar verebilecek kimyasallar içermemesine dikkat edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, ağartılmamış kraft test kağıtları, plastikleştirici olarak gliserol katkısı ile hazırlanan jelatin ve sodyum aljinat bazlı biyopolimerik çözeltiler ile kaplanmıştır. Hazırlanan dispersiyon çözeltilerinin kağıtlara uygulanması için sürme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Mekanik özellikler olarak çekme, yırtılma, patlama indisleri ve fiziksel özellikler olarak COBB, hava geçirgenlik testleri belirlenmiştir. Hem jelatin hem de sodyum aljinat kaplama ile üretilen kağıtların tüm mekanik özellikleri iyileştirilmiştir. Kontrol kağıtlarına göre jelatin kaplı kâğıtların su itici özelliğinin arttığı, sodyum aljinat kaplı kağıtların ise su absorblama özelliğinin arttığı gözlenmiştir. Jelatin kaplı kağıtların kontrol örneklerine göre hava geçirgenliği azalırken, sodyum aljinat kaplı kağıtların ise hava geçirgenliğinin hiç olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda ambalaj kağıtları için istenilen mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri iyileştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yüzey kaplama, kraft kağıdı, sodyum aljinat, jelatin, gıda ambalaj kağıdı

Etik Beyan

Yazarların makalenin içeriğiyle ilgili beyan edecekleri herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen sektörlerdeki finansman kuruluşlarından herhangi bir özel hibe almamıştır.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of The Unbleached Kraft Papers Coated with Different Biopolymers

Öz

Plastic film coatings have been used for production of packaging material for many years. It is important to ensure that the material used in food packaging does not contain chemicals that may harm human health. In this study, unbleached kraft hand sheets were coated with gelatin and sodium alginate based biopolymer solutions prepared using glycerol additive as plasticizer. The brush coating method was used to apply the prepared dispersions on the papers. Tensile, tear, burst indexes as mechanical properties and COBB, air permeability tests as physical properties were determined. All mechanical properties of the papers produced with both gelatin and sodium alginate coatings have been improved. Compared to the control papers, it was observed that the water-repellent properties of the paper coated with gelatin increased and the water-absorption properties of the papers coated with sodium alginate were increased. While air permeability of gelatin coated papers decreased compared to control samples, it was determined that there was no air permeability in sodium alginate coated papers. As a result of the study, the desired mechanical and physical properties for packaging papers were improved.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coating, kraft paper, sodium alginate, gelatine, food packaging papers

Kaynakça

• Aloui, H., Khwaldia, K., Slama, M. B., & Hamdi, M. (2011). Effect of glycerol and coating weight on functional properties of biopolymer-coated paper. Carbohydrate polymers, 86(2), 1063-1072.
• Bakry, N. F., Isa, M. I. N., & Sarbon, N. M. (2017). Effect of sorbitol at different concentrations on the functional properties of gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/ chitosan composite films. International Food Research Journal, 24(4), 1753–1762.
• Battisti, R., Fronza, N., Júnior, Á. V., da Silveira, S. M., Damas, M. S. P., & Quadri, M. G. N. (2017). Gelatin-coated paper with antimicrobial and antioxidant effect for beef packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 11, 115-124.
• Chandra, R. U. S. T. G. I., & Rustgi, R. (1998). Biodegradable polymers. Progress in polymer science, 23(7), 1273-1335.
• Çabuk, M., Yavuz, M., & Hlavác, J. (2011). Biyobozunur ve anti-kansorejen kitosan/benzaldehit modifikasyonu ve nanokompozitinin hazırlanması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(3), 247-251.
• Çelebi, H., & Dehmen S., (2013). Synthesis and characterization of starch/polycaprolactone based biodegradable nanocomposites. Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 31: 53-62.
• Çelik, İ., & Tümer, G., (2016). Gıda ambalajlamada son gelişmeler. Akademik Gıda, 14(2), 180-188.
• Davis, G., & Song, J.H., (2006). Biodegradable packaging based on raw materials from crops and their impact on waste management. Industrial Crops and Products, 23(2): 147-161.
• Eslami, H., & Mekonnen, T. H. (2023). Flexible and green multilayer paper coating for barrier enhancement of paper packaging. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 37, e00694.
• Gheorghita, R., Gutt, G., & Amariei, S. (2020). The use of edible films based on sodium alginate in meat product packaging: An eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastic materials. Coatings, 10(2), 166.
• Gimat, A., Michelin, A., Belhadj, O., Pellizzi, E., Massiani, P., & Rouchon, V. (2021). Paper sizing with gelatine: from the macro-to the nano-scale. Cellulose, 28, 2419-2432.
• Gómez‐Estaca, J., Gavara, R., Catala, R., & Hernández‐Muñoz, P. (2016). The potential of proteins for producing food packaging materials: A review. Packaging Technology and Science, 29(4-5), 203-224.
• Han, J. H. and Scanlon, M. G. (2005). Mass transfer of gas and solute through packaging materials. J. H. Han (Ed.), In: Innovations in food packaging. United States of America: Elsevier Science & Technology Books-Academic Press, 21-22.
• Herrera-Vázquez, S. E., Dublán-García, O., Arizmendi-Cotero, D., Gómez-Oliván, L. M., Islas-Flores, H., Hernández-Navarro, M. D., & Ramírez-Durán, N. (2022). Optimization of the physical, optical and mechanical properties of composite edible films of gelatin, whey protein and chitosan. Molecules, 27(3), 869
• Keskin, B., (2020). Kağıt esaslı ambalajlarda kalite ve ağır metal kaynaklı problemlerin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara
• Kontominas, M. G., (2020). Use of alginates as food packaging materials. Foods, 9(10), 1440.
• Kopacic, S., Walzl, A., Zankel, A., Leitner, E., & Bauer, W. (2018). Alginate and chitosan as a functional barrier for paper-based packaging materials. Coatings, 8(7), 235.
• Kunam, P. K., Ramakanth, D., Akhila, K., & Gaikwad, K. K. (2022). Bio-based materials for barrier coatings on paper packaging. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-16.
• Li, Q., Wang, S., Jin, X., Huang, C., & Xiang, Z. (2020). The application of polysaccharides and their derivatives in pigment, barrier, and functional paper coatings. Polymers, 12(8), 1837.
• Nechita, P., & Roman, M. (2020). Review on polysaccharides used in coatings for food packaging papers. Coatings, 10(6), 566.
• Nurul Fazita, M.R., Jayaraman, K., Bhattacharyya, D., Mohamad Haafiz, M.K., Saurabh, C.K., Hussin, M.H. and & HPS, A. K., (2016). Green composites made of bamboo fabric and poly (lactic) acid for packaging applications a review Materials, 9 (6): 435.
• Pal, L., Joyce, M. K., & Fleming, P. D. (2006). A simple method for calculation of the permeability coefficient of porous media. TAPPI journal, 5(9), 10
• Popović, S. Z., Lazić, V. L., Hromiš, N. M., Šuput, D. Z., & Bulut, S. N. (2018). Biopolymer Packaging Materials for Food Shelf-Life Prolongation. In Biopolymers for Food Design (pp. 223–277). Elsevier. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811449- 0.00008-6
• Rastogi, V. K., & Samyn, P. (2015). Bio-based coatings for paper applications. Coatings, 5(4), 887-930.
• Rhim JW., Lee JH., & Hong SI. (2006) Water resistance and mechanical properties of biopolymer (alginate and soy protein) coated paperboards. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 39:806–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2005.05.008
• Rhim, J. W. (2004). Physical and mechanical properties of water resistant sodium alginate films. LWT-Food science and technology, 37(3), 323-330.
• Rhim, J. W. (2010). Effect of moisture content on tensile properties of paper-based food packaging materials. Food Science and Biotechnology, 19, 243-247.
• Said, M. I. (2020, April). Role and function of gelatin in the development of the food and non-food industry: A review. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 492, No. 1, p. 012086). IOP Publishing.
• Shankar, S., & Rhim, J. W. (2018). Bionanocomposite films for food packaging applications. Reference module in food science, 1, 1-10.
• Sheng, J., Li, J., & Zhao, L. (2019). Fabrication of grease resistant paper with non-fluorinated chemicals for food packaging. Cellulose, 26, 6291-6302.
• Suderman, N., Isa, M. I. N., & Sarbon, N. M. (2018). The effect of plasticizers on the functional properties of biodegradable gelatin-based film: A review. Food bioscience, 24, 111-119.
• Sun, L., Sun, J., Chen, L., Niu, P., Yang, X., & Guo, Y,. (2017). Preparation and characterization of chitosan film incorporated with thinned young apple polyphenols as an active packaging material. Carbohydrate Polymers, 163: 81-91.
• Syahida, S. N., Ismail-Fitry, M. R., Ainun, Z. M. A., & Hanani, Z. N. (2021). Effects of gelatin/palm wax/lemongrass essential oil (GPL)-coated Kraft paper on the quality and shelf life of ground beef stored at 4℃. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100640.
• Şahin, O.I., & Bayizit, A.A., (2008). Nanokompozit filmlerin gıda sanayi uygulamaları. Türkiye 10. Gıda Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Erzurum.
• Tawakkal, I. S., Cran, M. J., Miltz, J., & Bigger, S. W. (2014). A review of poly (lactic acid)‐based materials for antimicrobial packaging. Journal of food science, 79(8), R1477-R1490.
• Tappi 403 om-15, 2015. Bursting Strength of paper. Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.
• Tappi 414 om-21, 2021. Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper (Elmendorf-type method), Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.
• Tappi 494 om-13, 2013. Tensile Breaking Strength and Elongation of Paper and Paperboard (using pendulum-type tester) Tappi Test Methods, Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.
• Tappi T 205 sp-12, 2018. Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp.
• Tappi T 402 om-93, 1993. Standard Conditioning And Testing Atmospheres For Paper, Board, Pulp Handsheets, And Related Products, Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.
• Tappi T 441 om-20, 2020. Water Absorptiveness Of Sized (Non-Bibulous) Paper, Paperboard, And Corrugated Fiberboard (Cobb Test), Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.
• Tappi T 460 om-21, 2021. Air Resistance Of Paper (Gurley Method), Tappi Press, Atlanta, 2.