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THE LAND, COMMUNITY, AND STORYTELLING: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN LOUISE ERDRICH’S TRACKS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 345 - 366, 31.03.2018

Öz

Native American writer Louise Erdrich’s novel Tracks (1988) focuses on the history of a Native American tribe at the beginning of the twentieth century as many people in the community are about to lose their tribal lands due to the laws of the federal government. Since the land is what ties these people to their past, community, and culture, it becomes significant to tell the story of how these lands were lost in hope of preserving the past, and surviving culturally as well as physically. The novel is narrated alternately by two first person narrators: the tribal elder Nanapush who is attached to the old Indian ways and a mixed-heritage young woman Pauline, who is on the way of denying her Native identity and complying with the dominant white culture. In order to show how Louise Erdrich creates a collective memory and social identity for Native Americans through this novel, this article firstly examines the theories of collective memory and illustrates the exclusion of Native American point of view from the official history and thus their need to preserve their own sense of past and history. Secondly, through examples from the novel, it is explained how three elements brought together in the novel -the land, community, and storytelling- are vital to gaining a collective memory and social identity for Native Americans.

Kaynakça

  • BEVIS, William (1987), “Native American Novels: Homing In”, (eds.) Brian Swann and Arnold Krupat, Recovering the Word: Essays on Native American Literature, University of California Press, California, 580-620.
  • CHAVKIN, Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin (1994), Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson. COSER, Lewis (1992), “Introduction”, Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. ERDRICH, Louise (1988), Tracks, Harper & Row Publishers, New York. ERDRICH, Louise (2000), “Where I Ought to Be: A Writer’s Sense of Place”, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine: A Casebook, (ed.) Hertha D. Wong, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. FENTRESS, James, and Chris Wickham (1992), Social Memory, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford and Cambridge. HALBWACHS, Maurice (1980), Collective Memory, Harper and Row, New York. HALBWACHS, Maurice (1992), On Collective Memory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. HOOKS, bell (1992), Black Looks: Race and Representation, South End Press, Boston. KRUPAT, Arnold (1998), “America's Histories”, American Literary History, 10.1, pp. 124-146. LINCOLN, Kenneth (1983), Native American Renaissance, University of California Press, Berkeley. MISZTAL, Barbara (2003), Theories of Social Remembering, McGraw-Hill Education, Berkshire. PETERSON, Nancy (1994), “History, Postmodernism, and Louise Erdrich's Tracks”, PMLA 109.5, pp. 982-994. RUOFF, Lavonne Brown (1981), “American Indian Oral Literatures”, American Quarterly, 33.3, pp. 327-338. SCHUMACHER, Michael (1994), “Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris: A Marriage of Minds”, (eds.) Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin, Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson, 173-183. SINGH, Amritjit, et al., eds. (1994), Memory, Narrative, and Identity: New Essays in Ethnic American Literatures, Northeastern University Press, Boston. SINGH, Amritjit, et al., eds. (1996), Memory and Cultural Politics: New Approaches to American Ethnic Literatures, Northeastern University Press, Boston.
  • STANFORD, Ann Folwell (2003), Bodies in a Broken World: Women Novelist of Color and the Politics of Medicine, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London. STRIPES, James (1991), “The Problem(s) of (Anishinaabe) History in the Fiction of Louise Erdrich: Voices and Contexts”, Wicazo Sa Review, 7. 2, pp. 26-33. WONG, Hertha (1994), “An Interview with Louise Erdrich and Micheal Dorris”, (eds.) Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin, Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson, 30-53. WONG, Hertha (1987), “Pre-literate Native American Autobiography”, MELUS, 14.1, pp.17-32. ZERUBAVEL, Eviatar (1996), “Social Memories: Steps to Sociology of the Past”, Qualitative Sociology, 19.3, pp. 283-299.

TOPRAK, TOPLUM, VE HİKÂYE ANLATMA: LOUISE ERDRICH’IN İZLER ADLI ROMANINDA TOPLUMSAL HAFIZA VE KİMLİK

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 345 - 366, 31.03.2018

Öz

Louise Erdrich’in İzler adlı romanı 20. Yüzyıl başlarında zorlu bir dönemden geçen bir Kızılderili kabilesinin tarihini anlatır. Bu kabiledeki birçok insanın toprakları federal hükümetin kanunları dolayısıyla ellerinden alınmak üzeredir. Toprak, bu insanları geçmişlerine, toplumlarına ve kültürlerine bağladığı için bu toprakların nasıl kaybedildiğini anlatmak geçmişi korumak ve aynı
zamanda hem fiziksel hem de kültürel açıdan hayatta kalmak için önemli hale gelmektedir. Roman iki anlatıcı tarafından anlatılmaktadır. Bunlar kabilenin saygı duyulan yaşlılarından ve kabilenin eski geleneklerine bağlı olan Nanapush ile melez bir genç kadın olan ve Kızılderili kimliğini inkâr edip egemen beyaz kültürüne boyun eğme yolunda ilerleyen Pauline’dir. Louise Erdrich’in bu roman aracılığıyla Amerikan Yerlileri için nasıl toplumsal hafıza ve sosyal kimlik oluşturduğunu göstermek için, bu makale öncelikle toplumsal hafıza üzerine bazı teoriler incelemekte ve yazılı resmi tarihte Amerikan Yerli bakış açısına nasıl yer verilmediğini ve bu sebeple bu insanların kendi geçmiş ve tarih olgularını korumaları gerektiğini göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda, romandan örnekler verilerek, Amerikan Yerlilerinin toplumsal hafıza ve sosyal kimlik kazanması için toprak, toplum ve hikâye anlatma unsurlarının büyük önemi ifade edilmektedir  

Kaynakça

  • BEVIS, William (1987), “Native American Novels: Homing In”, (eds.) Brian Swann and Arnold Krupat, Recovering the Word: Essays on Native American Literature, University of California Press, California, 580-620.
  • CHAVKIN, Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin (1994), Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson. COSER, Lewis (1992), “Introduction”, Maurice Halbwachs, On Collective Memory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. ERDRICH, Louise (1988), Tracks, Harper & Row Publishers, New York. ERDRICH, Louise (2000), “Where I Ought to Be: A Writer’s Sense of Place”, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine: A Casebook, (ed.) Hertha D. Wong, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. FENTRESS, James, and Chris Wickham (1992), Social Memory, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford and Cambridge. HALBWACHS, Maurice (1980), Collective Memory, Harper and Row, New York. HALBWACHS, Maurice (1992), On Collective Memory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. HOOKS, bell (1992), Black Looks: Race and Representation, South End Press, Boston. KRUPAT, Arnold (1998), “America's Histories”, American Literary History, 10.1, pp. 124-146. LINCOLN, Kenneth (1983), Native American Renaissance, University of California Press, Berkeley. MISZTAL, Barbara (2003), Theories of Social Remembering, McGraw-Hill Education, Berkshire. PETERSON, Nancy (1994), “History, Postmodernism, and Louise Erdrich's Tracks”, PMLA 109.5, pp. 982-994. RUOFF, Lavonne Brown (1981), “American Indian Oral Literatures”, American Quarterly, 33.3, pp. 327-338. SCHUMACHER, Michael (1994), “Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris: A Marriage of Minds”, (eds.) Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin, Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson, 173-183. SINGH, Amritjit, et al., eds. (1994), Memory, Narrative, and Identity: New Essays in Ethnic American Literatures, Northeastern University Press, Boston. SINGH, Amritjit, et al., eds. (1996), Memory and Cultural Politics: New Approaches to American Ethnic Literatures, Northeastern University Press, Boston.
  • STANFORD, Ann Folwell (2003), Bodies in a Broken World: Women Novelist of Color and the Politics of Medicine, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London. STRIPES, James (1991), “The Problem(s) of (Anishinaabe) History in the Fiction of Louise Erdrich: Voices and Contexts”, Wicazo Sa Review, 7. 2, pp. 26-33. WONG, Hertha (1994), “An Interview with Louise Erdrich and Micheal Dorris”, (eds.) Allan and Nancy Feyl Chavkin, Conversations with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris, University Press of Mississipi, Jackson, 30-53. WONG, Hertha (1987), “Pre-literate Native American Autobiography”, MELUS, 14.1, pp.17-32. ZERUBAVEL, Eviatar (1996), “Social Memories: Steps to Sociology of the Past”, Qualitative Sociology, 19.3, pp. 283-299.
Toplam 3 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Beşeri Bilimler Sayısı
Yazarlar

Aslı Değirmenci

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Değirmenci, A. (2018). THE LAND, COMMUNITY, AND STORYTELLING: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN LOUISE ERDRICH’S TRACKS. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(1), 345-366.