Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ALGILANAN BELİRSİZLİK VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER: KÜLTÜRLERARASI BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 275 - 295, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1376044

Öz

Belirsizlik sosyal yaşamın kaçınılmaz bir parçası olarak her toplumun ve bireyin deneyimlediği çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. İlgili alanyazın incelendiğinde, belirsizlikle ilgili değişkenlerin depresyon, anksiyete, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu gibi psikolojik yapıların artmasıyla pozitif ilişkiler barındırdığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada özellikle COVID-19 pandemisi sonrası görünürlüğünün artması beklenen belirsizliğin üniversite eğitimlerine devam eden Türk ve Fransız öğrenciler tarafından ne derece algılandığı ve bu algının ilişkilendiği kimi psikolojik değişkenlerde olası kültürel farklılıklar incelenmek istenmiştir. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de (N = 421) ve Fransa’da (N = 391) eğitimine devam eden öğrencilerden veri toplaması eş zamanlı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler tek bir veri setinde birleştirilerek örneklem grupları iki kategorili değişken olarak kodlanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin algıladıkları belirsizlik düzeyinin, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlükleri, yaygın psikolojik sağlık yapıları olarak değerlendirilen depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca algılanan belirsizlik düzeyi ve yaygın psikolojik sağlık yapıları arasındaki ilişkiye belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyinin aracılık edip etmediği ve bu ilişkilerin iki kültürel grupta farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün algılanan belirsizlik ve yaygın psikolojik sağlık yapıları arasındaki ilişkiye anlamlı ve kısmi bir aracılık ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak bu aracılık modeli Türkiye ve Fransa örneklemlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Dolayısıyla belirsizliğe verilen tepkilerin kültürel olarak Türkiye ve Fransa örneklemleri için farklılaşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bu özgün bulgular alanyazından yola çıkarak tartışılmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilkelere ve kurallara uygun davranılmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

Çalışmanın Fransa etabının yürütülmesi için gerekli izinleri veren Bordeaux Üniversitesi'ne ve proje desteği sağlayan TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, W. L., & Xiong, T. X. (2018). How Chinese and Caucasian Canadians Conceptualize Creativity: The Mediating Role of Uncertainty Avoidance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49 (2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117713153
  • Anderson, E. C., Carleton, R. N., Diefenbach, M., & Han, P. K. J. (2019). The Relationship Between Uncertainty and Affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (2504). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504
  • Andrews, J. L., Li, M., Minihan, S., Songco, A., Fox, E., Ladouceur, C. D., … Schweizer, S. (2023). The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04734-8
  • Asif, S., Mudassar, A., Shahzad, T. Z., Raouf, M., & Pervaiz, T. (2020). Frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36 (5), 971-976. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1873
  • Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hasking, P., Murray, E., Nock, M. K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., Kessler, R. C., & WHO WMH-ICS Collaborators (2018). WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology, 127 (7), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362
  • Birrell, J., Meares, K., Wilkinson, A., & Freeston, M. (2011). Toward a definition of intolerance of uncertainty: a review of factor analytical studies of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Clinical psychology review, 31 (7), 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.009
  • Boelen PA, Reijntjes A. (2009). Intolerance of uncertainty and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders; 23, 130–135. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.04.007
  • Buchanan J. L. (2012). Prevention of depression in the college student population: a review of the literature. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 26 (1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.03.003
  • Bueno-Notivol, J., Gracia-García, P., Olaya, B., Lasheras, I., López-Antón, R., & Santabárbara, J. (2021). Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21 (1), 100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
  • Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007c). Social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity of the BFNE-II. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.010
  • Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Thibodeau, M. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. (2012). Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 468-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.011
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007b). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007a). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: requisites of the fundamental fears? Behaviour Research and Therapy 45(10), 2307–2316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.006
  • Church, A.T., Katigbak, M.S., Locke, K.D., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Vargas-Flores, J.J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J.,Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Curtis, G.J., Cabrera, H.F., Mastor, K.A., Alvarez, J.M., Ortiz, F.A., Simon,J.Y.R., & Ching, C.M. (2013). Need satisfaction and well-being: Testing self-determination theoryin eight cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 507-534. DOI: 10.1177/0022022112466590
  • de la Sablonnière, R. (2017). Toward a Psychology of Social Change: A Typology of Social Change. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00397
  • del Valle, M. V., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Yerro-Avincetto, M., López-Morales, H., & Canet-Juric, L. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty over COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 54 (2), 1 17. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1335
  • Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24 (5), 635–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445500245002
  • Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour research and therapy, 36 (2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00070-3
  • Dugas, M. J., Marchand, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Further validation of a cognitive-behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: diagnostic and symptom specificity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19 (3), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.002
  • Fiorenzato, E., & Cona, G. (2022). One-year into COVID-19 pandemic: Decision-making and mental-health outcomes and their risk factors. Journal of affective disorders, 309, 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.144
  • Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences, 17 (6), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5
  • Gu, Y., Gu, S., Lei, Y., & Li, H. (2020). From Uncertainty to Anxiety: How Uncertainty Fuels Anxiety in a Process Mediated by Intolerance of Uncertainty. Neural plasticity, 2020, 8866386. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866386
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9 (1), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(80)90013-3
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Jang, S., Shen, W., Allen, T. D., & Zhang, H. (2018). Societal individualism–collectivism and uncertainty avoidance as cultural moderators of relationships between job resources and strain. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39 (4), 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2253
  • Jensen, D., Cohen, J. N., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Clarifying the Unique Associations among Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Depression. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 45 (6), 431. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2016.1197308
  • Karing C. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among university students during the period of the first lockdown in Germany. Journal of affective disorders reports, 5, 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100174
  • Kim, J., & Ng, S. H. (2008). Perceptions of social changes and social identity: Study focusing on Hong Kong society after reunification. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11 (3), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2008.00262.x
  • Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(5), 619-638. doi: 10.1007/s10608-007-9125-2
  • Köksal, B., & Topkaya, N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadığı sorunlar ve sorun alanlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 926-949. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.933931
  • Lassarre, D., Giron, C., & Paty, B. (2003). Stress des étudiants et réussite universitaire: les conditions économiques, pédagogiques et psychologiques du succès. L'orientation scolaire et professionnelle, (32/4), 669-691.
  • Lim, K. H., Leung, K., Sia, C. L., & Lee, M. K. (2004). Is eCommerce boundary-less? Effects of individualism–collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on Internet shopping. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 545-559.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33 (3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98 (2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
  • Mishel, M. H. (1984). Perceived Uncertainty and Stress in Illness. Research in Nursing & Health, 7 (3), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070304
  • Moeller, J., von Keyserlingk, L., Spengler, M., Gaspard, H., Lee, H. R., Yamaguchi-Pedroza, K., ... & Arum, R. (2022). Risk and protective factors of college students’ psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: emotional stability, mental health, and household resources. Aera Open, 8, 23328584211065725.
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 842. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Ramasaway, S. (2015). Validation of the French Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and predictors of depression in an adolescent Mauritian population (PhD Thesis) [UNIVERSITÉ AIX-MARSEILLE]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1757.1367
  • Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health, 16 (1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
  • Sarıçam, H. (2018). The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Community and Clinical Samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7 (1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. mine, Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (Btö-12) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1 (3), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Satıcı, B., Sarıçalı, M., Satıcı, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. International journal of mental health and addiction, 20 (5), 2731–2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. In H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P Ester (Ed.), Comparing cultures, Dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective (pp.43-73). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2006). A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Explication and Applications. Comparative Sociology, 5 (2-3), 137–182. https://doi.org/10.1163/156913306778667357
  • Seco Ferreira, D. C., Oliveira, W. L., Costa Delabrida, Z. N., Faro, A., & Cerqueira-Santos, E. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental health in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. Suma Psicológica, 27(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumapsi.2020.v27.n1.8
  • Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological inflexibility and intolerance of uncertainty moderate the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005
  • Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45 (4), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2010.482109
  • Şentürk, S., Bakır, N. (2021). The Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels of Nursing Students during the Covid-19 Outbreak, Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 3 (2): 97-105. Doi: 10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.12
  • Tosevski, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P., & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current opinion in psychiatry, 23 (1), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
  • Voitsidis, P., Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Sereslis, K., Tsipropoulou, V., Karamouzi, P., Giazkoulidou, A., Tsopaneli, N., & Diakogiannis, I. (2021). The mediating role of fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression. Psychology and psychotherapy, 94 (3), 884–893. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12315
  • Wong, S. S., Wong, C. C., Ng, K. W., Bostanudin, M. F., & Tan, S. F. (2023). Depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Selangor, Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemics and their associated factors. PloS one, 18 (1), e0280680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280680
  • World Health Organization. (‎2008)‎. The global burden of disease : 2004 update. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43942
  • World Federation for Mental Health. (2012). Depression: A global crisis. Retrieved August 10, 2023, from https://www.wfmh.org/2012DOCS/WMHDay%202012%20SMALL%20FILE%20FINAL.pdf
  • Xiong, T. (2015). Culture and Creativity: Understanding the Role of Uncertainty Avoidance and Multicultural Experience. Uwspace.uwaterloo.ca. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/9322
  • Zerhouni, O., Flaudias, V., Brousse, G. & Naassila, M. (2021). L’impact de la Covid-19 sur la santé mentale des étudiants : mini-synthèse de la littérature actuelle. Revue de neuropsychologie, 13, 108-110. https://doi.org/10.1684/nrp.2021.0664

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED UNCERTAINTY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 275 - 295, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1376044

Öz

Uncertainty is a multidimensional concept that every society and individual inevitably experiences in social life. When the relevant literature is examined, it is seen that variables related to uncertainty have positive relationships with the increase in psychological structures such as depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which Turkish and French university students perceive the uncertainty, which is anticipated to become more visible particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any potential cultural differences in certain psychological variables related to this perception. For this purpose, data collection was conducted simultaneously from university students in Turkey (N = 421) and France (N = 391). The data obtained were combined in a single data set and the sample groups were coded as two categorized variables. The relationship between the level of uncertainty perceived by university students and their intolerance to uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress levels, which are considered as common psychological health constructs, was analyzed. In addition, it was tested whether the level of intolerance to uncertainty mediates the relationship between perceived uncertainty and common psychological health constructs and whether these relationships differ in two cultural groups. The results showed that intolerance of uncertainty partly mediated the relationship between perceived uncertainty and common psychological health constructs. However, this mediation model does not show a significant difference in Turkey and France samples. Therefore, it was concluded that reactions to uncertainty do not differ culturally for Turkish and French samples. These original findings are discussed based on the literature.

Etik Beyan

Scientific ethical principles and rules were followed at all stages of the study.

Destekleyen Kurum

THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TURKEY

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the University of Bordeaux for providing the necessary permissions to carry out the French phase of the study and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye for providing project support.

Kaynakça

  • Adair, W. L., & Xiong, T. X. (2018). How Chinese and Caucasian Canadians Conceptualize Creativity: The Mediating Role of Uncertainty Avoidance. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49 (2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117713153
  • Anderson, E. C., Carleton, R. N., Diefenbach, M., & Han, P. K. J. (2019). The Relationship Between Uncertainty and Affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (2504). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504
  • Andrews, J. L., Li, M., Minihan, S., Songco, A., Fox, E., Ladouceur, C. D., … Schweizer, S. (2023). The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04734-8
  • Asif, S., Mudassar, A., Shahzad, T. Z., Raouf, M., & Pervaiz, T. (2020). Frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36 (5), 971-976. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1873
  • Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hasking, P., Murray, E., Nock, M. K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., Kessler, R. C., & WHO WMH-ICS Collaborators (2018). WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology, 127 (7), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000362
  • Birrell, J., Meares, K., Wilkinson, A., & Freeston, M. (2011). Toward a definition of intolerance of uncertainty: a review of factor analytical studies of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Clinical psychology review, 31 (7), 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.009
  • Boelen PA, Reijntjes A. (2009). Intolerance of uncertainty and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders; 23, 130–135. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.04.007
  • Buchanan J. L. (2012). Prevention of depression in the college student population: a review of the literature. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 26 (1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.03.003
  • Bueno-Notivol, J., Gracia-García, P., Olaya, B., Lasheras, I., López-Antón, R., & Santabárbara, J. (2021). Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21 (1), 100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007
  • Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007c). Social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity of the BFNE-II. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.010
  • Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Thibodeau, M. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. (2012). Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 468-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.011
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007b). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007a). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: requisites of the fundamental fears? Behaviour Research and Therapy 45(10), 2307–2316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.006
  • Church, A.T., Katigbak, M.S., Locke, K.D., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Vargas-Flores, J.J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J.,Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Curtis, G.J., Cabrera, H.F., Mastor, K.A., Alvarez, J.M., Ortiz, F.A., Simon,J.Y.R., & Ching, C.M. (2013). Need satisfaction and well-being: Testing self-determination theoryin eight cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 507-534. DOI: 10.1177/0022022112466590
  • de la Sablonnière, R. (2017). Toward a Psychology of Social Change: A Typology of Social Change. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00397
  • del Valle, M. V., Andrés, M. L., Urquijo, S., Yerro-Avincetto, M., López-Morales, H., & Canet-Juric, L. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty over COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 54 (2), 1 17. https://doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1335
  • Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting intolerance of uncertainty in two types of worry. Behavior Modification, 24 (5), 635–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445500245002
  • Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour research and therapy, 36 (2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00070-3
  • Dugas, M. J., Marchand, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Further validation of a cognitive-behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: diagnostic and symptom specificity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19 (3), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.002
  • Fiorenzato, E., & Cona, G. (2022). One-year into COVID-19 pandemic: Decision-making and mental-health outcomes and their risk factors. Journal of affective disorders, 309, 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.144
  • Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences, 17 (6), 791-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5
  • Gu, Y., Gu, S., Lei, Y., & Li, H. (2020). From Uncertainty to Anxiety: How Uncertainty Fuels Anxiety in a Process Mediated by Intolerance of Uncertainty. Neural plasticity, 2020, 8866386. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866386
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9 (1), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(80)90013-3
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Jang, S., Shen, W., Allen, T. D., & Zhang, H. (2018). Societal individualism–collectivism and uncertainty avoidance as cultural moderators of relationships between job resources and strain. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39 (4), 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2253
  • Jensen, D., Cohen, J. N., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Clarifying the Unique Associations among Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Depression. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 45 (6), 431. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2016.1197308
  • Karing C. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among university students during the period of the first lockdown in Germany. Journal of affective disorders reports, 5, 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100174
  • Kim, J., & Ng, S. H. (2008). Perceptions of social changes and social identity: Study focusing on Hong Kong society after reunification. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11 (3), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2008.00262.x
  • Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). An investigation of appraisals in individuals vulnerable to excessive worry: the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(5), 619-638. doi: 10.1007/s10608-007-9125-2
  • Köksal, B., & Topkaya, N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadığı sorunlar ve sorun alanlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkisi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 926-949. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.933931
  • Lassarre, D., Giron, C., & Paty, B. (2003). Stress des étudiants et réussite universitaire: les conditions économiques, pédagogiques et psychologiques du succès. L'orientation scolaire et professionnelle, (32/4), 669-691.
  • Lim, K. H., Leung, K., Sia, C. L., & Lee, M. K. (2004). Is eCommerce boundary-less? Effects of individualism–collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on Internet shopping. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 545-559.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33 (3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98 (2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
  • Mishel, M. H. (1984). Perceived Uncertainty and Stress in Illness. Research in Nursing & Health, 7 (3), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070304
  • Moeller, J., von Keyserlingk, L., Spengler, M., Gaspard, H., Lee, H. R., Yamaguchi-Pedroza, K., ... & Arum, R. (2022). Risk and protective factors of college students’ psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: emotional stability, mental health, and household resources. Aera Open, 8, 23328584211065725.
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., Stephanou, T., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 842. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
  • Ramasaway, S. (2015). Validation of the French Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and predictors of depression in an adolescent Mauritian population (PhD Thesis) [UNIVERSITÉ AIX-MARSEILLE]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1757.1367
  • Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health, 16 (1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
  • Sarıçam, H. (2018). The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Community and Clinical Samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7 (1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. mine, Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (Btö-12) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1 (3), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Satıcı, B., Sarıçalı, M., Satıcı, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. International journal of mental health and addiction, 20 (5), 2731–2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. In H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P Ester (Ed.), Comparing cultures, Dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective (pp.43-73). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2006). A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Explication and Applications. Comparative Sociology, 5 (2-3), 137–182. https://doi.org/10.1163/156913306778667357
  • Seco Ferreira, D. C., Oliveira, W. L., Costa Delabrida, Z. N., Faro, A., & Cerqueira-Santos, E. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental health in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. Suma Psicológica, 27(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumapsi.2020.v27.n1.8
  • Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological inflexibility and intolerance of uncertainty moderate the relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005
  • Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45 (4), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2010.482109
  • Şentürk, S., Bakır, N. (2021). The Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels of Nursing Students during the Covid-19 Outbreak, Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 3 (2): 97-105. Doi: 10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.12
  • Tosevski, D. L., Milovancevic, M. P., & Gajic, S. D. (2010). Personality and psychopathology of university students. Current opinion in psychiatry, 23 (1), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625
  • Voitsidis, P., Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Sereslis, K., Tsipropoulou, V., Karamouzi, P., Giazkoulidou, A., Tsopaneli, N., & Diakogiannis, I. (2021). The mediating role of fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression. Psychology and psychotherapy, 94 (3), 884–893. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12315
  • Wong, S. S., Wong, C. C., Ng, K. W., Bostanudin, M. F., & Tan, S. F. (2023). Depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Selangor, Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemics and their associated factors. PloS one, 18 (1), e0280680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280680
  • World Health Organization. (‎2008)‎. The global burden of disease : 2004 update. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43942
  • World Federation for Mental Health. (2012). Depression: A global crisis. Retrieved August 10, 2023, from https://www.wfmh.org/2012DOCS/WMHDay%202012%20SMALL%20FILE%20FINAL.pdf
  • Xiong, T. (2015). Culture and Creativity: Understanding the Role of Uncertainty Avoidance and Multicultural Experience. Uwspace.uwaterloo.ca. https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/9322
  • Zerhouni, O., Flaudias, V., Brousse, G. & Naassila, M. (2021). L’impact de la Covid-19 sur la santé mentale des étudiants : mini-synthèse de la littérature actuelle. Revue de neuropsychologie, 13, 108-110. https://doi.org/10.1684/nrp.2021.0664
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Kişilik Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aybike Çavdar 0000-0001-6547-6630

İnci Boyacioglu 0000-0002-1863-3792

Lyda Lannegrand 0000-0002-6388-4806

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 12 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çavdar, A., Boyacioglu, İ., & Lannegrand, L. (2024). ALGILANAN BELİRSİZLİK VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER: KÜLTÜRLERARASI BİR İNCELEME. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1376044