BEHAVIORAL METHODS EMPLOYED TO INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 2, 1489 - 1502, 25.12.2023

Aslı Bahar İnan

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2023.63.2.23

Öz

Memory research conducted in laboratories require controlled experiments in order to eliminate the confounding factors that can affect memory retrieval. However autobiographical memories require the retrieval of distant memories which are most of the time not verifiable. Due to the differences related to Autobiographical memory these controlled experiments cannot be used and different methods are required. Cue word technique, diary studies, recording event by using devices, Autobiographical Memory Interview and Autobiographical Interview are some of the behavioral methods employed for Autobiographical memory research. These methods have both some advantages and some disadvantages, which should be considered before they are used. The findings from the studies employing these methods indicated that Autobiographical memory has a hierarchical organization, it consists of a sementic component and an episodic component, and some of the cues are ineffective for the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Most of these methods can also be employed in research investigating the impaired components of autobiographical memory for patients with memory disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. In this review the bahavioral methods empleyed to investigate the structure of Autobiographical memories will be explored. First the differences of autobiographical memory from memory investigated in laboratory and the need for different methods in autobiographical memory research will be mentioned. Then behavioral methods to investigate the structure of Autobiographical memory, how they are used and the findings obtained from these studies seperately and in common will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Behavioral methods, Structure of the Autobiographical memory, Cue-word technique, Diary studies, Autobiographical Memory Interview, Autobiographical Interview

OTOBİYOGRAFİK BELLEĞİN YAPISINI ARAŞTIRMAK İÇİN KULLANILAN DAVRANIŞSAL YÖNTEMLER

Öz

Laboratuvar ortamında gerçekleştirilen bellek araştırmalarında karıştırıcı etkenlerin etkisini ortadan kaldırabilmek amacıyla yöntemsel olarak kontrollü deneyler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak otobiyografik bellek araştırmaları çoğu zaman doğrulanması mümkün olmayan uzak dönem belleğin geri getirilmesini gerektirdiği için farklı yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. İpucu kelime tekniği, günlük ve günlük benzeri kayıt cihazları kullanılması, otobiyografik bellek görüşmesi ve otobiyografik görüşme gibi yöntemler otobiyografik bellek araştırmalarında kullanılan davranışsal yöntemlerdir. Bu farklı yöntemlerin birbirleriyle kıyaslandığı zaman farklı avantajları ve dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemleri kullanan araştırmalar sonucunda otobiyografik bellek yapsının hiyerarşik olduğu, semantik ve epizodik bileşenlerden oluştuğu, geri çağırma aşamasında kullanılan ipuçlarının bazılarının hiç kullanılamadığı gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Demans gibi hafıza problemleri olan hasta gruplarında da kullanılabilen bu yöntemler yaşın ilerlemesi ile birlikte otobiyografik hafızada meydana gelen değişikliklerin ve bozulmaların hangi bileşenlerde olduğunu incelememizi sağlamıştır. Bu incelemede otobiyografik belleğin yapısını araştırmak için kullanılan davranışsal yöntemler ve bu araştırmaların sonuçları ele alınacaktır. Öncelikle laboratuvar ortamında gerçekleştirilen bellek araştırmalarında kullanılan yöntemlerden, otobiyografik belleği farklı kılan yönlerinden ve neden farklı yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulduğundan bahsedilecektir. Sonrasında bu farklı yöntemlerden sadece davranışsal olanlara ve otobiyografik bellek yapısını incelemek amacıyla önerilenlere değinilecektir. Bu yöntemlerin neleri içerdiğine, nasıl kullanıldığına ve bu yöntemleri kullanan bazı araştırmaların sonuçlarına değinildikten sonra genel olarak farklı yöntemleri kullanan bütün araştırmaların otobiyografik bellek yapısı hakkında ortaya koydukları ortak sonuçlar değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Behavioral methods, Structure of the Autobiographical memory, Cue-word technique, Diary studies, Autobiographical Memory Interview, Autobiographical Interview

Kaynakça

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