Güneş Enerjisi Santrallerinin Türkiye ve Avrupa’daki Geri Ödeme Sürelerinin Karşılaştırması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 5, 2419 - 2444, 29.12.2023

Mohannad Gyam İlhan Ceylan Ali Etem Gürel Gökhan Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1389956

Öz

Dünya’da enerjinin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Ülkelerin büyük bir bölümü ihtiyaç duydukları enerji gereksinimini fosil yakıtlar tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Fosil yakıtların tükenecek olması, artan fiyatı ve çevreye vermiş olduğu zararlardan dolayı araştırmacılar alternatif enerji kaynaklarına yönelmişlerdir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına son yıllarda alternatif enerji olarak talep büyük oranda artmıştır. Güneş enerjisi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında en popüler ve tüm dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılan enerji kaynaklarından birisidir. Bu sebeple, Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkelerinde güneş enerjisi kullanımı artırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Türkiye güneş ışınım miktarı yüksek olmasına rağmen beklenen seviyelere ulaşamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ile Avrupa ülkeleri arasındaki şebekeye bağlı 1 MW’lık bir güneş enerjisi santralinin geri ödeme süreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırılan ülkeler, kendilerine özgü solar radyasyon değerlerinde %22,6 verimliliğe sahip bir monokristal güneş panellerinin kullanıldığı varsayılmıştır. Ayrıca, Rusya-Ukrayna savaşının enerji fiyatlarına etkisi nedeniyle güneş enerjisi santralinin geri ödeme süresi iki senaryo üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, birinci senaryoda en yüksek geri ödeme süresi 2,75 yıl ile Karaman’da, ardından 3,17 yıl ile Türkiye gelmektedir. İspanya, Fransa ve Almanya’daki geri ödeme süreleri sırasıyla 3,6, 5,6 ve 5,7 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. İkinci senaryoda ise (Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı sonrası), en yüksek geri ödeme süreleri 2,22 yıl ile Almanya ve 3,27 yıl ile Fransa olarak belirlenmiştir. İspanya, Karaman ve Türkiye’de geri ödeme süreleri sırasıyla 2,41, 2,75 ve 3,17 yıl olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güneş enerjisi, Fotovoltaik, Geri ödeme süresi, Güneş enerjisi potansiyeli

Comparison of Payback Periods of Solar Power Plant in Türkiye and Europe

Öz

The importance of energy in the world is increasing day by day. Most of the countries’ energy needs are met by fossil fuels. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, their increasing prices and the damage they cause to the environment, researchers have turned to alternative energy sources. The demand for renewable energy sources as alternative energy has increased significantly in recent years. Solar energy is one of the most popular and widely used energy sources among renewable energy sources all over the world. For this reason, efforts are being made to increase the use of solar energy in Türkiye and European countries. Although the amount of solar radiation in Türkiye is high, it has not reached the expected levels. In this study, the payback periods (PBP) of a 1 MW solar power plant (SPP) connected to the grid between Türkiye and European countries were compared. It is assumed that the compared countries use monocrystalline solar panels with an efficiency of 22.6% at their specific solar radiation values. Additionally, due to the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on energy prices, the PBP of the SPP was determined based on two scenarios. According to the results, in the first scenario, the highest PBP is in Karaman with 2.75 years, followed by Türkiye with 3.17 years. PBPs in Spain, France and Germany are calculated as 3.6, 5.6 and 5.7 years, respectively. In second scenario (after the Russia-Ukraine war), the highest PBPs were determined as Germany with 2.22 years and France with 3.27 years. PBPs in Spain, Karaman and Türkiye were determined as 2.41, 2.75 and 3.17 years,
respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Solar energy, Photovoltaic, Payback period, Solar energy potential

Kaynakça

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