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Innovative Approaches in Spent Activated Carbon Regeneration

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 279 - 295, 26.01.2024

Nevim Genç Esin Kacıra

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1178175

Öz

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used in adsorption processes to remove pollutants from gas and liquid streams. The reusability of carbon-based adsorbents enables the adsorption process to become widespread technically and economically. However, its application is limited due to the high costs and environmental problems associated with post-saturation disposal. In order to prolong the service life of the saturated GAK, different regeneration techniques have been identified that allow long adsorption cycles, have low cost, have minimum carbon loss and minimize environmental impact. These techniques can be accomplished in two distinct ways: regeneration based solely on the desorption of pollutants adsorbed on activated carbon or based on the decomposition of these pollutants. Generally, regeneration methods are classified as thermal, chemical and microbiological. Newly developed regeneration methods are more preferred in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity, low cost and environmental compatibility. In addition, regeneration of depleted activated carbon can be done in situ with newly developed regeneration methods. This provides a significant advantage. In this study, the literature on the regeneration of saturated GAKs has been reviewed and promising techniques have been highlighted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Activated carbon Chemical Microbiological Regeneration Thermal

Kaynakça

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Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 279 - 295, 26.01.2024

Nevim Genç Esin Kacıra

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1178175

Öz

Granül aktif karbon (GAK), gaz ve sıvı akımlardan kirleticileri uzaklaştırmak için uygulanan adsorpsiyon proseslerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Karbon bazlı adsorbentlerin yeniden kullanılabilirliği adsorpsiyon prosesinin teknik ve ekonomik anlamda yaygınlaşmasını sağlar. Ancak doygunluk sonrası bertarafla ilgili yüksek maliyetler ve çevresel sorunlar nedeniyle uygulama sınırlıdır. Doymuş GAK’in hizmet ömrünün uzatılması için uzun adsorpsiyon döngülerine imkan tanıyan, düşük maliyette, karbon kaybı minimum seviyede olan ve çevresel etkiyi en aza indiren farklı rejenerasyon teknikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu teknikler, iki ayrı yolla gerçekleştirilebilir: yalnızca aktif karbonda adsorbe edilen kirleticilerin desorpsiyonuna dayalı veya bu kirleticilerin ayrışmasına dayanan rejenerasyon. Genel olarak rejenerasyon metotları termal, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Yeni geliştirilen rejenerasyon metotları, enerji verimliliği, seçiciliği, düşük maliyeti ve çevresel uyumluluğu açısından daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Ayrıca, yeni geliştirilen rejenerasyon metotları ile tükenmiş aktif karbonun rejenerasyonu yerinde yapılabilmektedir. Bu durum önemli avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada doymuş GAK'lerin rejenerasyonu ile ilgili literatür gözden geçirilmiş ve umut verici teknikler vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aktif karbon Kimyasal Mikrobiyolojik Rejenerasyon Termal

Kaynakça

  • [1] J. Pallarés, A. González-Cencerrado, and I. Arauzo, “Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 115, pp. 64–73, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.BIOMBIOE.2018.04.015.
  • [2] B. Ferrández-Gómez, R. Ruiz-Rosas, S. Beaumont, D. Cazorla-Amorós, and E. Morallón, “Electrochemical regeneration of spent activated carbon from drinking water treatment plant at different scale reactors,” Chemosphere, vol. 264, p. 128399, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128399.
  • [3] S. K. Smolin, O. V. Zabneva, and N. A. Klymenko, “Chemical Regeneration of Biological Activated Carbon in Removing Nitrophenol,” J. Water Chem. Technol., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 126–130, 2018, doi: 10.3103/s1063455x18030025.
  • [4] A. V. Baskar et al., “Recovery, regeneration and sustainable management of spent adsorbents from wastewater treatment streams: A review,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 822, p. 153555, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153555.
  • [5] E. O. Fagbohun et al., “Physicochemical regeneration of industrial spent activated carbons using a green activating agent and their adsorption for methyl orange,” Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 29, p. 101696, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.SURFIN.2021.101696.
  • [6] E. Gagliano, P. P. Falciglia, Y. Zaker, T. Karanfil, and P. Roccaro, “Microwave regeneration of granular activated carbon saturated with PFAS,” Water Res., vol. 198, p. 117121, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2021.117121.
  • [7] F. Salvador, N. Martin-Sanchez, R. Sanchez-Hernandez, M. J. Sanchez-Montero, and C. Izquierdo, “Regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents. Part I: Thermal Regeneration,” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 202. Elsevier, pp. 259–276, Jan. 15, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.02.045.
  • [8] F. Salvador, N. Martin-Sanchez, R. Sanchez-Hernandez, M. J. Sanchez-Montero, and C. Izquierdo, “Regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents. Part II: Chemical, Microbiological and Vacuum Regeneration,” Microporous Mesoporous Mater., vol. 202, no. C, pp. 277–296, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.08.019.
  • [9] Z. Yue, A. Vakili, and J. Wang, “Activated carbon fibers from meltblown isotropic pitch fiber webs for vapor phase adsorption of volatile organic compounds,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 330, pp. 183–190, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.CEJ.2017.07.150.
  • [10] A. H. Berger, J. A. Horowitz, T. Machalek, A. Wang, and A. S. Bhown, “A Novel Rapid Temperature Swing Adsorption Post-combustion CO2 Capture Process Using a Sorbent Polymer Composite,” in Energy Procedia, Jul. 2017, vol. 114, pp. 2193–2202, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1356.
  • [11] D. W. Mazyck and F. S. Cannon, “Overcoming calcium catalysis during the thermal reactivation of granular activated carbon: Part I. Steam-curing plus ramped-temperature N2 treatment,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 1785–1799, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00013-0.
  • [12] J. E. Park, G. B. Lee, B. U. Hong, and S. Y. Hwang, “Regeneration of activated carbons spent by waste water treatment using KOH chemical activation,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 23, 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9235132.
  • [13] F. K. Yuen and B. H. Hameed, “Recent developments in the preparation and regeneration of activated carbons by microwaves,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 149, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 19–27, Jul. 30, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.12.005.
  • [14] A. L. Cazetta et al., “Thermal regeneration study of high surface area activated carbon obtained from coconut shell: Characterization and application of response surface methodology,” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 101, pp. 53–60, May 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.JAAP.2013.02.013.
  • [15] M. El Gamal, H. A. Mousa, M. H. El-Naas, R. Zacharia, and S. Judd, “Bio-regeneration of activated carbon: A comprehensive review,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 197, pp. 345–359, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.015.
  • [16] E. Sabio, E. González, J. F. González, C. M. González-García, A. Ramiro, and J. Gañan, “Thermal regeneration of activated carbon saturated with p-nitrophenol,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2285–2293, Jan. 2004, doi: 10.1016/J.CARBON.2004.05.007.
  • [17] D. Xin-hui, C. Srinivasakannan, and L. Jin-sheng, “Process optimization of thermal regeneration of spent coal based activated carbon using steam and application to methylene blue dye adsorption,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1618–1627, Jul. 2014, doi: 10.1016/J.JTICE.2013.10.019.
  • [18] G. Durán-Jiménez et al., “Fast regeneration of activated carbons saturated with textile dyes: Textural, thermal and dielectric characterization,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 378, p. 121774, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.CEJ.2019.05.135.
  • [19] D. H. S. Santos, J. L. S. Duarte, J. Tonholo, L. Meili, and C. L. P. S. Zanta, “Saturated activated carbon regeneration by UV-light, H2O2 and Fenton reaction,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 250, p. 117112, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117112.
  • [20] B. Sonmez Baghirzade, Y. Zhang, J. F. Reuther, N. B. Saleh, A. K. Venkatesan, and O. G. Apul, “Thermal Regeneration of Spent Granular Activated Carbon Presents an Opportunity to Break the Forever PFAS Cycle,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 5608–5619, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08224.
  • [21] E. Zhou et al., “Study of the combination of sulfuric acid treatment and thermal regeneration of spent powdered activated carbons from decolourization process in glucosamine production,” Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif., vol. 121, pp. 224–231, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.CEP.2017.09.008.
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Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nevim Genç 0000-0002-6185-1090

Esin Kacıra 0000-0001-9833-0419

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Genç, N., & Kacıra, E. (2024). Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 12(1), 279-295. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1178175
AMA Genç N, Kacıra E. Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. DÜBİTED. Ocak 2024;12(1):279-295. doi:10.29130/dubited.1178175
Chicago Genç, Nevim, ve Esin Kacıra. “Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 12, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 279-95. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1178175.
EndNote Genç N, Kacıra E (01 Ocak 2024) Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 12 1 279–295.
IEEE N. Genç ve E. Kacıra, “Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar”, DÜBİTED, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 279–295, 2024, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1178175.
ISNAD Genç, Nevim - Kacıra, Esin. “Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 12/1 (Ocak 2024), 279-295. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1178175.
JAMA Genç N, Kacıra E. Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. DÜBİTED. 2024;12:279–295.
MLA Genç, Nevim ve Esin Kacıra. “Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 279-95, doi:10.29130/dubited.1178175.
Vancouver Genç N, Kacıra E. Tükenmiş Aktif Karbonun Rejenerasyonunda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar. DÜBİTED. 2024;12(1):279-95.
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