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Geotechnical Preliminary Design of Onshore Wind Turbine Foundations

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 756 - 781, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1306867

Öz

A simplified geotechnical design procedure for foundations of onshore wind turbines is often beneficial because it can provide the types and sizes of foundations required to perform financial feasibility analysis of a project, and can also be used for preliminary design. This study presents a simplified method for designing onshore gravity-based foundations based on limited required data, namely, loads acting on foundations, data provided by manufacturers, and soil properties. The detailed design issues that may be essential for the final design are also discussed. A flowchart of the design process is also presented to visualize the geotechnical design of such foundations. The required calculation procedures can be easily carried out either through a series of spreadsheets or simple hand calculations. An example problem explaining the design of onshore wind turbine foundations was presented to demonstrate the proposed calculation procedure. The data used for the calculations were obtained from the literature. The proposed flowchart provides a quick way for the preliminary design of foundations of onshore wind turbine foundations. The foundation system obtained from the preliminary geotechnical design was numerically modeled using Plaxis 3D software. The global stability of the foundation system under Ultimate Limit State (ULS) loads and soil pressure developed under the foundation were calculated. The soil pressure beneath the foundation under Serviceability Limit States (SLS) loads and the total settlement and rotation of the foundation were calculated. The results obtained from the Plaxis 3D software and those obtained from the preliminary design were in agreement.

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank Professor Subhamoy Bhattacharya, who is the chair of Geomechanics at University of Surrey, for sponsoring and supporting the research.

Kaynakça

  • [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-prod-source-stacked
  • [2] Yilmaz, M. (2014). Foundation Soil Response to Wind Turbine Generator Loading (Master's Thesis). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • [3] Mawer, B. W. (2015). An Introduction to Geotechnical Design of South African Wind Turbine Gravity Foundations (Master's Thesis). University of Cape Town.
  • [4] Ntambakwa, E., Yu, H., Guzman, C., & Rogers, M. (2016). Geotechnical Design Considerations for Onshore Wind Turbine Shallow Foundations. Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016 (pp. 1153-1165). Phoenix: ASCE.
  • [5] Mohamed W and Austrell PE (2018). A comparative study of three onshore wind turbine foundation solutions. Computers and Geotechnics 94:46-57.
  • [6] Yaşar (2019). Analysis of a wind turbine foundation on stiff clay with analytical and 3D Finite Element Methods, Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University.
  • [7] IEC TC88-61400-6 (2015). International Standard IEC 61400-1 Third Edition, Wind Turbines- Part 1: Design Requirements.
  • [8] Terzaghi K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics, Wiley, New York.
  • [9] Meyerhoff, G. G. (1953). “The Bearing Capacity of Foundations Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads,” Proceedings, Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zürich, Vol. 1, pp. 440–445.
  • [10] Meyerhoff, G. G. (1963). “Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foundations,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 16–2.
  • [11] Vesic, A. S. (1973). “Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 99, No. SM1, pp. 45–73.
  • [12] Hansen, J. B. (1970). A Revised and Extended Formula for Bearing Capacity, Bulletin 28, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen.
  • [13] Bowles, J.E. 1987. Elastic foundation settlement on sand deposits. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 113(8): 846-860.
  • [14] Morgan and Ntambakwa (2008)
  • [15] Szerzo A (2012). Optimization of foundation solutions for wind turbines. Math Model Civ Eng 2012; 4:215-24.
  • [16] Steinbrenner, W. 1934. Tafeln zur setzungsberschnung. Die Strasse, 1: 121-124.
  • [17] Fox, E.N. 1948. The mean elastic settlement of a uniformly loaded area at a depth below the ground surface. Proceedings, 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, 1: 129-132.
  • [18] Schmertmann, J. H., Hartman, J. P., and Brown, P. R. (1978). “Improved Strain Influence Factor Diagrams,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 104, No. GT8, pp. 1131–1135.
  • [19] DNVGL-RP-C212 (2017). Offshore soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering: Recommended practice.
  • [20] Svensson H. Design of foundations for wind turbines. Master’s dissertation for structural mechanics. Sweden: Lund University; 2010. p. 44–52. [21] Turkish Earthquake Code (2018). Turkiye Bina Deprem Yonetmeligi, Deprem Etkisi Altinda Binalarin Tasarimi icin Esaslar, 2018. [22] Eurocode 8 (2004). Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 756 - 781, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1306867

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-prod-source-stacked
  • [2] Yilmaz, M. (2014). Foundation Soil Response to Wind Turbine Generator Loading (Master's Thesis). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • [3] Mawer, B. W. (2015). An Introduction to Geotechnical Design of South African Wind Turbine Gravity Foundations (Master's Thesis). University of Cape Town.
  • [4] Ntambakwa, E., Yu, H., Guzman, C., & Rogers, M. (2016). Geotechnical Design Considerations for Onshore Wind Turbine Shallow Foundations. Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016 (pp. 1153-1165). Phoenix: ASCE.
  • [5] Mohamed W and Austrell PE (2018). A comparative study of three onshore wind turbine foundation solutions. Computers and Geotechnics 94:46-57.
  • [6] Yaşar (2019). Analysis of a wind turbine foundation on stiff clay with analytical and 3D Finite Element Methods, Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University.
  • [7] IEC TC88-61400-6 (2015). International Standard IEC 61400-1 Third Edition, Wind Turbines- Part 1: Design Requirements.
  • [8] Terzaghi K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics, Wiley, New York.
  • [9] Meyerhoff, G. G. (1953). “The Bearing Capacity of Foundations Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads,” Proceedings, Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zürich, Vol. 1, pp. 440–445.
  • [10] Meyerhoff, G. G. (1963). “Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foundations,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 16–2.
  • [11] Vesic, A. S. (1973). “Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 99, No. SM1, pp. 45–73.
  • [12] Hansen, J. B. (1970). A Revised and Extended Formula for Bearing Capacity, Bulletin 28, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen.
  • [13] Bowles, J.E. 1987. Elastic foundation settlement on sand deposits. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 113(8): 846-860.
  • [14] Morgan and Ntambakwa (2008)
  • [15] Szerzo A (2012). Optimization of foundation solutions for wind turbines. Math Model Civ Eng 2012; 4:215-24.
  • [16] Steinbrenner, W. 1934. Tafeln zur setzungsberschnung. Die Strasse, 1: 121-124.
  • [17] Fox, E.N. 1948. The mean elastic settlement of a uniformly loaded area at a depth below the ground surface. Proceedings, 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, 1: 129-132.
  • [18] Schmertmann, J. H., Hartman, J. P., and Brown, P. R. (1978). “Improved Strain Influence Factor Diagrams,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 104, No. GT8, pp. 1131–1135.
  • [19] DNVGL-RP-C212 (2017). Offshore soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering: Recommended practice.
  • [20] Svensson H. Design of foundations for wind turbines. Master’s dissertation for structural mechanics. Sweden: Lund University; 2010. p. 44–52. [21] Turkish Earthquake Code (2018). Turkiye Bina Deprem Yonetmeligi, Deprem Etkisi Altinda Binalarin Tasarimi icin Esaslar, 2018. [22] Eurocode 8 (2004). Design of structures for earthquake resistance-Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Emre Demirci 0000-0001-6455-9100

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, H. E. (2023). Geotechnical Preliminary Design of Onshore Wind Turbine Foundations. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 16(3), 756-781. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1306867