SOSYAL KİMLİK ALGISININ SORUMLU TURİST DAVRANIŞINA YÖNELİK TUTUMA ETKİSİ: KAMP-KARAVAN TURİSTLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89, 270 - 281, 09.01.2024

Sultan Nazmiye Kılıç Cemali Buzlukçu

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1335768

Öz

Algılanan sosyal kimlik özelliklerinin davranış üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi, turist davranışının açıklanması için önemlidir. Turist davranışlarından biri olan sorumlu turist davranışını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi turizmin çevre, toplum ve kültür üzerinde bıraktığı olumsuz etkilerin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir ve olumlu katkılar sunabilir. Araştırma, kamp ve karavan turizmine katılan bireylerin sorumlu turist davranışına yönelik tutumlarında sosyal kimlik algısının etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Balıkesir’de kamp ve karavan turizmine katılan 410 turistten kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle toplanan veriler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklere ilişkin açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları değerlendirilmiş ve ardından yol analizi sonuçları incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sorumlu turist davranışına yönelik tutumun alt boyutları öğrenme, kültür ve çevre olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın önemli sonuçlarından biri sosyal kimlik algısının sorumlu turist davranışına yönelik tutumun alt boyutları arasında çevre boyutunun en yüksek etkiye sahip olmasıdır. Sosyal kimlik algısının sorumlu turist davranışına yönelik tutumun üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, çevresel etkilerin azaltılabilmesi için sosyal kimlik çalışmalarının genişletilmesi ve sosyal kimlik üzerinden sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili sosyal reklam ve kampanyaların yürütülmesinin faydalı olabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sorumlu Turist Davranışı, Sosyal Kimlik, Kamp-Karavan Turistleri

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL IDENTITY PERCEPTION ON ATTITUDES TOWARD RESPONSIBLE TOURIST BEHAVIOR: A RESEARCH ON CAMP-CARAVAN TOURISTS

Öz

Examining the effect of perceived social identity characteristics on behavior is essential for explaining tourist behavior. Determining the factors that influence responsible tourist behavior can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of tourism on the environment, society, and culture, as well as make positive contributions. In this direction, the research seeks to investigate the impact of social identity perception on the attitudes of camping and caravan tourism participants toward responsible tourist behavior. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the data collected from 410 visitors who participated in camping and caravan tourism in Balıkesir using the convenience sampling technique were analyzed. One of the quantitative research methodologies is the relational survey model. Following an evaluation of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the scales, the path analysis results were evaluated. Learning, culture, and the environment were determined to be the sub-dimensions of the attitude toward responsible tourist behavior. A key finding of the research is that social identity perceptions have the greatest impact on the environmental dimension of attitudes towards responsible tourism behavior. It has been concluded that the perception of social identity has a positive and significant effect on attitudes toward responsible tourist behavior. Therefore, expanding social identity studies and implementing social advertisements and campaigns regarding sustainability through social identity can be beneficial in reducing negative environmental impacts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Responsible Tourist Behavior, Social Identity, Camp-Caravan Tourists

Kaynakça

• Aşkın, M. (2007). Kimlik ve giydirilmiş kimlikler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 213-220.
• Bartels, J. ve Hoogendam, K. (2011). The role of social identity and attitudes toward sustainability brands in buying behaviors for organic products. Journal of Brand Management, 18, 697-708.
• Bond, N. ve Falk, J. (2013). Tourism and identity-related motivations: why am I here (and not there)? International Journal of Tourism Research, 15, 430-442.
• Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. cross-cultural research and methodology series. In W. L. Lonner, & J. W. Berry (Eds), 8. Field Methods in Cross-Cultural Research, pp. 137-164. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Desailly, M., Bushell, R., Scott, J., Simmons, B., Sinha, C. ve Baillie, B. (2004). Encouraging environmentally and socially responsible practices through well-designed certification: a case study of the camping and caravan industry, Australia. Tourism Recreation Research, 29(3), 39-49.
• Dias, Á., Aldana, I., Pereira, L., da Costa, R. L. ve António, N. (2021). A measure of tourist responsibility. Sustainability, 13(6), 3351.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39–50.
• García de Leaniz, P. M. ve Rodríguez Del Bosque Rodríguez, I. (2015). Exploring the antecedents of hotel customer loyalty: a social identity perspective. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24(1), 1-23.
• Goodwin, H. ve Francis, J. (2003). Ethical and responsible tourism: consumer trends in the UK. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(3), 271-284.
• Gössling, S. (2002). Human–environmental relations with tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 539-556.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: global perspective. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
• Han, J. H., Lee, M. J. ve Hwang, Y.-S. (2016). Tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior in response to climate change and tourist experiences in nature-based tourism. Sustainability, 8, 644.
• Hibbert, J. F., Dickinson, J. E., Gössling, S. ve Curtin, S. (2013). Identity and tourism mobility: An exploration of the attitude–behaviour gap. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 999-1016.
• Hough, E. (2011). Rethinking authenticity and tourist identity: Expressions of territoriality and belonging among repeat tourists on the Greek island of Symi. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 9(2), 87-102.
• Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1 – 55.
• Hvenegaard, G. T. ve Dearden, P. (1998). Ecotourism versus tourism in a Thai national park. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3), 700-720.
• Johnson, O. ve Chattaraman, V. (2021). Signaling socially responsible consumption among millennials: an identity-based perspective. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(1), 87-105.
• Kane, M. J. (2012). Professional adventure tourists: producing and selling stories of ‘authentic’ identity. Tourist Studies, 12(3), 268-286.
• Kang, M. ve Moscardo, G. (2006). Exploring cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards responsible tourist behaviour: a comparison of Korean, British and Australian tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 303-320.
• Karjaluoto, H. ve Leppäniemi, M. (2013). Social identity for teenagers: understanding behavioral intention to participate in virtual world environment. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 8(1), 1-16.
• Kaya, E. ve Gültekin, P. (2022). Türkiye’de aile ve çocuk odaklı ekoturizm kamplarının ve sosyal etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research, 6(3 (Special Issue: ICTEBS)), 564-584.
• Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. NY: Guilford publications
• Li, T., Liao, C., Law, R. ve Zhang, M. (2023). An integrated model of destination attractiveness and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior: the mediating effect of place attachment. Behavioral Sciences, 13, 264.
• Mazor-Tregerman, M., Mansfeld, Y. ve Elyada, O. (2017). Travel guidebooks and the construction of tourist identity. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 15(1), 80-98.
• McCabe, S. (2005). ‘Who is a tourist?’: a critical review. Tourist Studies, 5(1), 85-106.
• Medina, L. K. (2005). Ecotourism and certification: confronting the principles and pragmatics of socially responsible tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(3), 281-295.
• Miller, D., Merrilees, B. ve Coghlan, A. (2015). Sustainable urban tourism: understanding and developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 26-46.
• Mohamad, N. H. ve Hamzah, A. (2015). Social identity and community resilience towards tourism development in Mabul Island, Semporna Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 2(4).
• Noy, C. (2004). Performing identity: touristic narratives of self-change. Text and Performance Quarterly, 24(2), 115-138.
• Obradović, S., Stojanović, V., Tešin, A., Šećerov, I., Pantelić, M. ve Dolinaj, D. (2023). Memorable tourist experiences in national parks: impacts on future intentions and environmentally responsible behavior. Sustainability, 15(1).
• Orabi, R. ve Fadel, D. (2020). The role of tour guide performance in creating responsible tourist behavior: an empirical study: archaeological sites in Alexandria. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality, 14(3), 325-346.
• Rather, R. A. ve Camilleri, M. A. (2020). The customers’ brand identification with luxury hotels: a social identity perspective. In F. Pantoja, S. Wu, & N. Krey (Eds.), Enlightened Marketing in Challenging Times (pp. 429-443). Springer International Publishing.
• Şahin, Y. (2013). Çatışma kuramları ve kimlik temelli çatışmalar: Teorik bir giriş. Barış Araştırmaları ve Çatışma Çözümleri Dergisi, 1(1), 32-55.
• Said, H. M. (2018). Investigating the responsible tourist behaviour in Egypt’s ecotourism destinations: a case study of Siwa. Journal of Tourism Research, 21, 60-73.
• Stanford, D. (2008). ‘Exceptional visitors’: dimensions of tourist responsibility in the context of New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(3), 258-275.
• Stoeckl, N., Greiner, R. ve Mayocchi, C. (2006). The community impacts of different types of visitors: an empirical investigation of tourism in North-west Queensland. Tourism Management, 27(1), 97-112.
• Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
• Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1978). Differentiation between social groups: studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. xv, 474). Academic Press.
• Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroupbehavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergrouprelations (2nd ed.). Nelson Hall.
• Thi Thanh Nguyen, N., Huu Tran, T., Thi Thuy Phan, L. ve Thi Thanh Le, X. (2023). How responsible tourism behavioral intentions influence tour choices: effects of economic, socio-cultural, and environmental responsibility. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration.
• UNWTO. (2019). Tips for a responsible traveler. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-07/Tips-for-Responsible-Traveller-WCTE-EN.pdf
• Van Heerden, C. H. (2020). Motivation and involvement in camping–a gender perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(1), 1-14.
• Wang, Y. ve Morais, D. B. (2014). An examination of tourists’ identity in tourist weblogs. Information Technology & Tourism, 14, 239-260.
• Wilson, S. (2018). VW campervan subculture: tourism mobilities and experiences [Doctoral thesis] University of Sunderland.
• Zhang, C. X., Pearce, P. ve Chen, G. (2019). Not losing our collective face: social identity and Chinese tourists’ reflections on uncivilised behaviour. Tourism Management, 73, 71-82.
• Zhang, J., Morrison, A. M., Tucker, H. ve Wu, B. (2018). Am I a backpacker? Factors indicating the social identity of Chinese backpackers. Journal of Travel Research, 57(4), 525-539.
• Zhang, Y. (2021). Social identity and depersonalization in dark tourist experience [Doctorate Thesis] Griffith University.