FACTORS AND BARRIERS RELATED TO FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: KAYSERİ, TÜRKİYE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 34 - 47, 31.01.2024

Aslı Gizem Çapar Neslihan Çelik Aslıhan Beşparmak Mualla Aykut

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1390144

Öz

This study aimed to examine university students' fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption status and related factors and determine the influencing factors and barriers. The study was conducted with 630 students studying at university in the 2016-2017 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire questioning students' sociodemographic characteristics, daily fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption, factors and barriers affecting F/V consumption. F/V intake status was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, and the adequacy of F/V intake was compared with nutrition and health habits. The mean daily total F/V consumption of students was 3.1 (1-5) portions. According to WHO recommendations, 71.4% had inadequate daily F/V consumption, while only 28.6% had adequate F/V consumption. As vegetable consumption increased, fruit consumption also increased (r=0.398, p<0.001). The correlation between body weight and fruit and vegetable consumption was statistically not significant (r=-0.007, r=-0.026, respectively) (p>0.05). A significant difference was found only between place of living and adequate F/V consumption (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between gender, socioeconomic status and Body Mass Index (BMI) and adequate F/V consumption. The main factors preventing F/V consumption were; long preparation and cooking times (52.0%), vegetable dishes were not found to be satisfying (48.7%), and vegetable consumption was not liked (36.2%). The most important barrier is the perception of adequate consumption. A significant difference was found between students' perceptions of their F/V consumption and current status (p<0.001). Of the students who thought their F/V consumption was adequate, 58.1% consumed inadequate among the students who consume inadequate F/V, 50.0% think of increasing their F/V consumption. The F/V consumption of 71.4% of the students was inadequate, and the inadequate F/V consumption status of students living in dormitories, students who consumed biscuits-chocolates at snacks, and students who preferred fast food for meals outside the home was higher than the other groups. University students do not consume adequate F/V. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the knowledge and behaviors of university students regarding F/V consumption and overcoming the barriers to F/V consumption.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fruit, vegetables, university students, barriers

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MEYVE VE SEBZE TÜKETİMİ İLE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENGELLER: KAYSERİ, TÜRKİYE

Öz

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin meyve ve sebze tüketim sıklıkları ve ilişkili faktörler incelenerek öğrencilerin meyve ve sebze tüketimleri ile ilişkili faktörler ve engellerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma üniversitede eğitim gören 630 öğrenci ile 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında yürütülmüştür. Veriler öğrencilerin sosyodemografik bilgileri, günlük meyve sebze tüketim miktarları, meyve ve sebze tüketimlerini etkileyen faktörler ve engelleri sorgulayan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Meyve ve sebze alımları Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) önerilerine göre değerlendirilmiştir ve yeme ve sağlık alışkanlıkları ile meyve ve sebze (M/S) alımının yeterliliği karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin günlük ortalama toplam meyve ve sebze tüketimi 3,1 (1-5) porsiyondur. DSÖ önerilerine göre %71,4’ünün günlük M/S tüketimi yetersizken, yalnızca %28,6’sının M/S tüketimi yeterlidir. Sebze tüketimi arttıkça meyve tüketimi de artmaktadır (r=0,398, p<0,001). Vücut ağırlığı ile meyve ve sebze tüketimi arasındaki korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (sırasıyla r=-0,007, r=-0,026) (p>0,05). Yalnızca yaşanılan yer ve yeterli M/S tüketimi arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik durum ve Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) ile yeterli M/S tüketimi arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. M/S tüketimini engelleyen faktörlerin başlıcaları hazırlama ve pişirme sürelerinin uzun olması (%52,0), sebze yemeklerinin doyurucu bulunmaması (%48,7), sebze tüketiminin sevilmemesidir (%36,2). En önemli bariyer ise yeterli tüketim algılarıdır. M/S tüketiminin yeterli düşünen öğrencilerin %58,1’i DSÖ önerilerine göre yetersiz tüketmektedir. Yetersiz tüketen öğrencilerin ise yalnızca %50,0’si M/S tüketimini artırmayı düşünmektedir. Öğrencilerin %71,4’ünün M/S tüketimi DSÖ önerilerine göre yetersiz olup; yurtta kalan öğrencilerin, ara öğünlerde bisküvi-çikolata tüketen öğrencilerin ve ev dışında yemeklerde fast food tercih eden öğrencilerin yetersiz M/S tüketim durumu diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak yüksektir. Üniversite öğrencileri yeterli M/S tüketmemektedir. Bu nedenle üniversite öğrencilerinin M/S tüketimine ve M/S tüketimi önündeki engellerin aşılmasına ilişkin bilgi ve davranışlarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meyve, sebze, üniversite öğrencileri, engeller

Kaynakça

• Pehrsson PR, Haytowitz DB, Holden JM. The USDA’s National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program: update 2002. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2003;16:331–41. doi:10.1016/S0889- 1575(03)00049-8.
• World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva; 2002.
• Fruit and vegetable intake [Internet]. World Heath Organization. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-m etadata-registry/imr-details/3417.
• T.C. Ministiry of Health. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) 2022. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No:1031; 2022.
• Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Clarke A, Smith WCS. Diet behaviour among young people in transition to adulthood (18–25 year olds): a mixed method study. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2014;2:909. doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.931232.
• Jean Pierre E, Adriana Hernandez S, Sharly Waleska B. Unhealthy Eating Behaviors of First Year Latin-American Students, An Opportunity for Sustainable Nutritional Interventions. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2021;34. doi:10.26717/ BJSTR.2021.34.005602.
• Alkazemi D. Gender differences in weight status, dietary habits, and health attitudes among college students in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2019;25:75–84. doi:10.1177/0260106018817410.
• AlJohani S, Salam M, BaniMustafa A, Zaidi ARZ, Aljohani AA, Almutairi A, et al. Dietary Habits of Students Enrolled in Faculties of Health Sciences: A Cross-sectional Study. Cureus. 2019;11. doi:10.7759/CUREUS.6012.
• Pop LM, Iorga M, Muraru ID, Petrariu FD. Assessment of Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Lifestyle in Medical University Students. Sustainability. 2021;13:3572. doi:10.3390/SU1306357 2.
• Youth in Statistics, 2020 [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat),2021. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-20 20-37242.
• Uysal H, Ayvaz MY, Oruçoğlu HB, Say E. Assessment of Nutritional Status and Sleep Quality of University Students. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2018;5:31–39. doi:10.4274/jtsm.69775.
• Çatak Ş, Öğüt S. The Effect of University Students’ Nutrition Habits and Probiotic Dairy Consumption Frequency on Anxiety Disorder. Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life. 2022;5:182-8. doi:https://10.56150/tjhsl.1192652.
• Hilger-Kolb J, Diehl K. ‘Oh God, I Have to Eat Something, But Where Can I Get Something Quickly?’—A Qualitative Interview Study on Barriers to Healthy Eating among University Students in Germany. Nutrients 2019, Vol 11, Page 2440. 2019;11:2440. doi:10.3390/NU 11102440.
• Alkazemi D, Salmean Y. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Barriers to Their Consumption among University Students in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Environ Public Health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 27];2021. doi:10.1155/2021/9920270.
• Borlu A, Aykut M, Çelik N, Gün İ, Timur A, Karaca S. Fruit and vegetable consumption of last grade medical students and related factors. Progress in Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jan 20];21:86-92. doi:10.23751/PN.V21I1. 6384.
• T.C. Ministiry of Health. Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2010: Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Habits Final Report. 2014.
• A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations [Internet]. World Health Organization, 2010 [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/f act-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations.
• Dancey CP, Reidy J. Statistics without maths for psychology. 4th ed. Harlow, England; 2007.
• Wattick RA, Hagedorn RL, Olfert MD. Relationship between Diet and Mental Health in a Young Adult Appalachian College Population. Nutrients 2018;Vol 10:957. 2018;10:957. doi:10.3390/ NU10080957.
• Mirabitur E, Peterson KE, Rathz C, Matlen S, Kasper N. Predictors of college-student food security and fruit and vegetable intake differ by housing type. Journal of American College Health. 2016;64:555–64. doi:10.1080/ 07448481.2016.1192543.
• American College Health Association. American College Health AssociationNational College Health Assessment III: Reference Group Data Report. American College Health Association, National College Health Assessment III: Reference Group Report, Spring. 2022.
• Koch F, Hoffmann I, Claupein E. Types of Nutrition Knowledge, Their Socio-Demographic Determinants and Their Association With Food Consumption: Results of the NEMONIT Study. Front Nutr. 2021;8:32. doi:10. 3389/FNUT.2021.630014/BIBTEX.
• Hsiao PY, Mitchell DC, Coffman DL, Allman RM, Locher JL, Sawyer P, Jensen GL, Hartman TJ. Dietary patterns and diet quality among diverse older adults: The university of Alabama at Birmingham study of aging. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 2013;17:19–25. doi:10.1007/S12603-012-0082-4/METRI CS.
• Van Den Bogerd N, Maas J, Seidell JC, Dijkstra SC. Fruit and vegetable intakes, associated characteristics and perceptions of current and future availability in Dutch university students. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jan 20];22:1951–9. doi:10.1017/ S136898001800174X.
• Oberne A, Vamos C, Wright L, Wang W, Daley E. Does health literacy affect fruit and vegetable consumption? An assessment of the relationship between health literacy and dietary practices among college students. Journal of American College Health. 2022:70. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1727911.
• Wang DD, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Rosner BA, Sun Q, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, Manson JAE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality: Results from Two Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies. Circulation. 2021;143:1642. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.04 8996.
• Aune D, Giovannucci E, Boffetta P, Fadnes LT, Keum NN, Norat T, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:1029. doi:10.1093/IJE/DYW319.
• Seifu CN, Fahey PP, Hailemariam TG, Frost SA, Atlantis E. Dietary patterns associated with obesity outcomes in adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24:6390-414. doi:10.1017/S136 8980021000823.
• Nyanchoka MA, van Stuijvenberg ME, Tambe AB, Zuma MK, Mbhenyane XG. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Patterns and Risk of Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle among University Students in Kenya. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19:6965. doi:10.3390/IJER PH19126965.
• Rodrigues VM, Bray J, Fernandes AC, Bernardo GL, Hartwell H, Martinelli SS, et al. Vegetable Consumption and Factors Associated with Increased Intake among College Students: A Scoping Review of the Last 10 Years. Nutrients. 2019;11:1634. doi:10.3390/NU11071634.
• Van Den Bogerd N, Maas J, Seidell JC, Dijkstra SC. Fruit and vegetable intakes, associated characteristics and perceptions of current and future availability in Dutch university students. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22:1951-9. doi:10.1017/S136898001800174X.
• Colby S, Zhou W, Sowers MF, Shelnutt K, Olfert MD, Morrell J, Koenings M, Kidd T, Horacek TM, Greene GW, et al. College Students’ Health Behavior Clusters: Differences by Sex. Am J Health Behav. 2017;41:378-89. doi:10.5993/AJHB.4 1.4.2.
• Jao NC, Robinson LD, Kelly PJ, Ciecierski CC, Hitsman B. Unhealthy behavior clustering and mental health status in United States college students. 2018;67:790-800. doi:101080/07448481 20181515744.
• Appleton KM, Hemingway A, Saulais L, Dinnella C, Monteleone E, Depezay L, Morizet D, Armando Perez-Cueto FJ, Bevan A, Hartwell H. Increasing vegetable intakes: rationale and systematic review of published interventions. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55:869. doi:10.1007/S00394-015-1130-8.
• Wellard-Cole L, Watson WL, Hughes C, Tan N, Dibbs J, Edge R, Dessaix A. Perceptions of adequacy of fruit and vegetable intake as a barrier to increasing consumption. Nutr Diet. 2022; doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12735.
• Alkazemi D, Salmean Y. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Barriers to Their Consumption among University Students in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Environ Public Health. 2021;2021. doi:10.1155/2021/9920270.
• Chapman K, Goldsbury D, Watson W, Havill M, Wellard L, Hughes C, Bauman A, Allman-Farinelli M. Exploring perceptions and beliefs about the cost of fruit and vegetables and whether they are barriers to higher consumption. Appetite. 2017;113:310-9. doi:10.1016/J. APPET.2017.02.043.
• McMorrow L, Ludbrook A, Macdiarmid JI, Olajide D. Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;39:330-8. doi:10.1093/PUBMED/FDW038.
• Livingstone KM, Burton M, Brown AK, McNaughton SA. Exploring barriers to meeting recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake among adults in regional areas: A mixed-methods analysis of variations across socio-demographics. Appetite. 2020; 153. doi:10.1016/J.APPET.2020. 104750.
• Venn D, Strazdins L. Your money or your time? How both types of scarcity matter to physical activity and healthy eating. Soc Sci Med. 2017;172:98-106. doi:10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2016.10.023.
• Llanaj E, Ádány R, Lachat C, D’Haese M. Examining food intake and eating out of home patterns among university students. van Wouwe JP, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jan 9];13:e0197874. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0197874.
• Arslan N, Aslan Ceylan J, Hatipoğlu A. The relationship of fast food consumption with sociodemographic factors, body mass index and dietary habits among university students. Nutr Food Sci. 2023;53:112-23. doi:10.1108/ NFS-01-2022-0003.
• Bernardo GL, Rodrigues VM, Bastos BS, Uggioni PL, Hauschild DB, Fernandes AC, et al. Association of personal characteristics and cooking skills with vegetable consumption frequency among university students. Appetite. 2021;166:105432. doi:10.1016/J. APPET.2021.105432.
• de Borba TP, da Silva MV, Jomori MM, Bernardo GL, Fernandes AC, Proença RP da C, et al. Self-efficacy in cooking and consuming fruits and vegetables among Brazilian university students: the relationship with sociodemographic characteristics. British Food Journal. 2020;123:2049-65. doi:10.1108/BFJ-04- 2020-0311/FULL/XML.
• Lim RBT, Tham DKT, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Wong ML. Are University Students in Singapore Meeting the International and National Recommended Daily Servings of Fruits and Vegetables? Asia Pac J Public Health. 2017;29:199–210. doi:10.1177/1 010539517696553.
• Poscia A, Teleman AA, Azzolini E, de Waure C, Maged D, Virdis A, et al. Eating episode frequency and fruit and vegetable consumption among Italian university students. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2018;53:199–204. doi: 10.4415/ANN_ 17_03_04.