FARKLI DİYET TÜRLERİNİN TİP 2 DİYABET VE OBEZİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 41 - 52, 07.01.2024

Ataberk Yıldızhan Ayşe Ünlü

Öz

Tip 2 diyabetin (DM)’nin patogenizde; obezite ve insülin direnci önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Hem obezite hem de Tip 2 DM beraber gelişen komplikasyonların önlenmesinde uygun diyet seçimi çok önemlidir. Diyetler türleri genel anlamda içerdiği makro besinlerin oranına göre bibirlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Popüler olarak uygulanan bazı diyet türlerinin; kilo kaybı, diyabet belirteçleri ve diyabete bağlı gelişen komplikasyonlarla ilişkisini saptamaya yönelik literatürde pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak yine de belli bir diyet yaklaşımı tam olarak kabul görmüş değildir. Bu çalışma, güncel literatürdeki bu konu üzerinde yapılmış çalışmaları derleyerek tip 2 DM eşlik eden obezite ile ilgili uygun bir diyet tipini bulmayı amaçlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Diyet yaklaşımları, Obezite, Tip2 diyabet

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmayı destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIET APPROACHES ON TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY

Öz

Obesity and insulin resistance play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (DM). Appropriate diet selection is very important in preventing complications that develop with both obesity and Type 2 DM. Types of diets are generally differentiated from each other according to the ratio of macronutrients they contain. Some of the popular diet types; There are many studies in the literature to determine its relationship with weight loss, diabetes markers and diabetes-related complications. However, a certain dietary approach has not been fully accepted. This study aimed to find an appropriate diet method for obesity accompanying type 2 DM by compiling the studies on this subject in the current literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutrition, Dietary approaches, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes

Kaynakça

• 1. Laakso, M. Biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Molecular Metabolism. 2019; (27): 139-146.
• 2. Valaiyapathi, B., Gower, B., & Ashraf, A. P. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Current diabetes reviews. 2020; 16(3): 220-229.
• 3. Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes–global burden of disease and forecasted trends. Journal of epidemiology and global health. 2020; 10(1): 107.
• 4. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Edition: Andrew Boulton. 10th, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels 2021 Foreword.
• 5. Landgraf, R., Aberle, J., Birkenfeld, A. L., Gallwitz, B., Kellerer, M., Klein, H., ... & Siegel, E. Therapy of type 2 diabetes. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2019; 127(1): 73-92.
• 6. Thomsen, M. N., Skytte, M. J., Samkani, A., Carl, M. H., Weber, P., Astrup, A., ... & Krarup, T. Dietary carbohydrate restriction augments weight loss-induced improvements in glycaemic control and liver fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2022; 65(3): 506-517.
• 7. Al-Sulaiti, H., Diboun, I., Agha, M. V., Mohamed, F. F., Atkin, S., Dömling, A. S., ... & Mazloum, N. A. Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Journal of translational medicine. 2019; 17(1): 1-11.
• 8. Mayoral, L. P. C., Andrade, G. M., Mayoral, E. P. C., Huerta, T. H., Canseco, S. P., Canales, F. J. R., ... & Perez-Campos, E. Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity. The Indian journal of medical research. 2020; 151(1): 11.
• 9. Zhao, W. T., Luo, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Zhao, T. T. High protein diet is of benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018; 97(46): e13149.
• 10. Caballero, B. Humans against obesity: who will win?. Adcvences in nutrition. 2019; 10(1): 4-9.
• 11. Gilbert, M. Role of skeletal muscle lipids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2021; 12(11): 1934-1941.
• 12. Grant, B., Sandelson, M., Agyemang-Prempeh, B., & Zalin, A. Managing obesity in people with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Medicine. 2021; 21(4): e327.
• 13. Ruban, A., Stoenchev, K., Ashrafian, H., & Teare, J. Current treatments for obesity. Clinical Medicine. 2019; 19(3): 205.
• 14. Maliszewska, K., Adamska-Patruno, E., & Krętowski, A. The interplay between muscle mass decline, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Pol arch intern Med. 2019; 129(11): 809-816.
• 15. Cereda, E., Pisati, R., Rondanelli, M., & Caccialanza, R. Whey protein, leucine-and vitamin-D-enriched oral nutritional supplementation for the treatment of sarcopenia. Nutrients. 2022; 14(7): 1524.
• 16. Uusitupa, M., Khan, T. A., Viguiliouk, E., Kahleova, H., Rivellese, A. A., Hermansen, K., ... & Sievenpiper, J. L. Prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle changes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11): 2611.
• 17. Martín-Peláez, S., Fito, M., & Castaner, O. Mediterranean diet effects on type 2 diabetes prevention, disease progression, and related mechanisms. A review. Nutrients. 2020; 12(8): 2236.
• 18. Nagpal, R., Shively, C. A., Register, T. C., Craft, S., & Yadav, H. Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health. F1000Research. 2019; 8: 699.
• 19. Milenkovic, T., Bozhinovska, N., Macut, D., Bjekic-Macut, J., Rahelic, D., Velija Asimi, Z., & Burekovic, A. Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a perpetual inspiration for the scientific world. a review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1307.
• 20. Montemayor, S., Mascaró, C. M., Ugarriza, L., Casares, M., Llompart, I., Abete, I., ... & Bouzas, C. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and NAFLD in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: The FLIPAN Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(15): 3186.
• 21. Mitchell, A., Fall, T., Melhus, H., Wolk, A., Michaëlsson, K., & Byberg, L. Is the effect of Mediterranean diet on hip fracture mediated through type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index?. International journal of epidemiology. 2021; 50(1): 234-244.
• 22. Lotan, R., Ravona-Springer, R., Shakked, J., Lin, H. M., Ouyang, Y., Shahar, D. R., ... & Beeri, M. S. Greater intake of the MEDI diet is associated with better cognitive trajectory in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2022; 190: 109989.
• 23. Chew, E. Y. Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids from fish and risk of diabetic retinopathy. Jama. 2017; 317(21): 2226-2227.
• 24. Bergia, R. E., Giacco, R., Hjorth, T., Biskup, I., Zhu, W., Costabile, G., ... & Riccardi, G. Differential Glycemic Effects of Low-versus High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean-Style Eating Patterns in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3): 706.
• 25. Bolla, A. M., Caretto, A., Laurenzi, A., Scavini, M., & Piemonti, L. Low-carb and ketogenic diets in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients. 2019; 11(5): 962.
• 26. Brouns, F. Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate–high-fat diet recommendable?. European journal of nutrition. 2018; 57(4): 1301-1312.
• 27. Hatting, M., Tavares, C. D., Sharabi, K., Rines, A. K., & Puigserver, P. Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2018; 1411(1): 21-35.
• 28. Cucuzzella, M., Riley, K., & Isaacs, D. Adapting Medication for Type 2 Diabetes to a Low Carbohydrate Diet. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021; 8: 486.
• 29. Tinguely, D., Gross, J., & Kosinski, C. Efficacy of Ketogenic Diets on Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review. Current diabetes reports. 2021; 21(9): 1-10.
• 30. Holmer, M., Lindqvist, C., Petersson, S., Moshtaghi-Svensson, J., Tillander, V., Brismar, T. B., ... & Stål, P. Treatment of NAFLD with intermittent calorie restriction or low-carb high-fat diet–a randomised controlled trial. JHEP Reports. 2021; 3(3): 100256.
• 31. Wolever, T. M. Effect of macronutrients on the glycemic index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017; 106(2): 704-705.
• 32. Meng, H., Matthan, N. R., Ausman, L. M., & Lichtenstein, A. H. Effect of macronutrients and fiber on postprandial glycemic responses and meal glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2017; 105(4): 842-853.
• 33. Livesey, G., Taylor, R., Livesey, H. F., Buyken, A. E., Jenkins, D. J., Augustin, L. S., ... & Brand-Miller, J. C. Dietary glycemic index and load and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and updated meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Nutrients. 2019; 11(6): 1280.
• 34. Vlachos, D., Malisova, S., Lindberg, F. A., & Karaniki, G. Glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) and dietary interventions for optimizing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2 diabetes: A review. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1561.
• 35. Vega-López, S., Venn, B. J., & Slavin, J. L. Relevance of the glycemic index and glycemic load for body weight, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10): 1361.
• 36. Hargreaves, S. M., Raposo, A., Saraiva, A., & Zandonadi, R. P. Vegetarian diet: an overview through the perspective of quality of life domains. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021; 18(8), 4067.
• 37. Storz, M. A. Adherence to Low-Fat, Vegan Diets in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2022; 16(3): 300-310.
• 38. Pollakova, D., Andreadi, A., Pacifici, F., Della-Morte, D., Lauro, D., & Tubili, C. The impact of vegan diet in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6): 2123.
• 39. Pawlak, R. Vegetarian diets in the prevention and management of diabetes and its complications. Diabetes Spectrum. 2017; 30(2): 82-88.
• 40. Marrone, G., Guerriero, C., Palazzetti, D., Lido, P., Marolla, A., Di Daniele, F., & Noce, A. Vegan diet health benefits in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3): 817.
• 41. Kahleova, H., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., Alwarith, J., Rembert, E., Tura, A., ... & Barnard, N. D. Effect of a low-fat vegan diet on body weight, insulin sensitivity, postprandial metabolism, and intramyocellular and hepatocellular lipid levels in overweight adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open.2020; 3(11): e2025454.
• 42. Tran, E., Dale, H. F., Jensen, C., & Lied, G. A. Effects of plant-based diets on weight status: a systematic review. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy. 2020; 13: 3433.
• 43. Argyridou, S., Davies, M. J., Biddle, G. J., Bernieh, D., Suzuki, T., Dawkins, N. P., ... & Yates, T. Evaluation of an 8-week vegan diet on plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and postchallenge glucose in adults with dysglycemia or obesity. The Journal of nutrition. 2021; 151(7), 1844-1853.
• 44. Termannsen, A. D., Clemmensen, K. K. B., Thomsen, J. M., Nørgaard, O., Díaz, L. J., Torekov, S. S., ... & Færch, K. Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews. 2022; 23(9): e13462.
• 45. Chen, P., Zhao, Y., & Chen, Y. A vegan diet improves insulin resistance in individuals with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome. 2022; 14(1): 1-8.
• 46. Tobias, D. K., Chen, M., Manson, J. E., Ludwig, D. S., Willett, W., & Hu, F. B. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2015; 3(12): 968-979.
• 47. Seid, H., & Rosenbaum, M. Low carbohydrate and low-fat diets: What we don’t know and why we should know it. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11): 2749.
• 48. Apekey, T. A., Maynard, M. J., Kittana, M., & Kunutsor, S. K. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets, in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2022; 14(20): 4391.
• 49. Chawla, S., Tessarolo Silva, F., Amaral Medeiros, S., Mekary, R. A., & Radenkovic, D. The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12): 3774.
• 50. Bazzano, L. A., Hu, T., Reynolds, K., Yao, L., Bunol, C., Liu, Y., ... & He, J. Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine. 2014; 161(5): 309-318.
• 51. Foster, G. D., Wyatt, H. R., Hill, J. O., Makris, A. P., Rosenbaum, D. L., Brill, C., ... & Klein, S. Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine. 2010; 153(3): 147-157.
• 52. Pesta, D. H., & Samuel, V. T. A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: mechanisms and possible caveats. Nutrition & metabolism. 2014; 11(1): 1-8.
• 53. Sutton, E. F., Bray, G. A., Burton, J. H., Smith, S. R., & Redman, L. M. No evidence for metabolic adaptation in thermic effect of food by dietary protein. Obesity. 2016; 24(8): 1639-1642.
• 54. Malaeb, S., Bakker, C., Chow, L. S., & Bantle, A. E. High-protein diets for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Advances in Nutrition. 2019; 10(4): 621-633.
• 55. Zhang, J., Pivovarova-Ramich, O., Kabisch, S., Markova, M., Hornemann, S., Sucher, S., ... & Pfeiffer, A. F. High Protein Diets Improve Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity by Prandial but Not Fasting Glucagon Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022; 19(9): e808346.
• 56. Wycherley, T. P., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Cleanthous, X., Keogh, J. B., & Brinkworth, G. D. A high-protein diet with resistance exercise training improves weight loss and body composition in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2010; 33(5): 969-976.
• 57. Alzahrani, A. H., Skytte, M. J., Samkani, A., Thomsen, M. N., Astrup, A., Ritz, C., ... & Magkos, F. Effects of a self-prepared carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet on cardiovascular disease risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5): 1694.
• 58. Pivovarova-Ramich, O., Markova, M., Weber, D., Sucher, S., Hornemann, S., Rudovich, N., ... & Grune, T. Effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Redox biology. 2020; 29(1): 101397.
• 59. Tay, J., Thompson, C. H., Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., Noakes, M., Buckley, J. D., Wittert, G. A., & Brinkworth, G. D. Long-term effects of a very low carbohydrate compared with a high carbohydrate diet on renal function in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Medicine. 2015; 94(47): e2181.
• 60. Jesudason, D. R., Pedersen, E., & Clifton, P. M. Weight-loss diets in people with type 2 diabetes and renal disease: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of different dietary protein amounts. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2013; 98(2): 494-501.