Bitkilerde kalite ve kantite kaybına neden olan Alternaria alternata’ya karşı bazı fungisitlerin in vitro etkinlikleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 60 - 69, 25.03.2024

Mehmet Ertuğrul Güldür Murat Dikilitaş Berfin Kılınç

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1325585

Öz

Orman ağaçları ile sebze ve meyvelerde önemli kayıplara yol açan Alternaria alternata, ruhsatlı fungisitler ile kontrol edilmek istenmesine rağmen arzu edilen sonuç elde edilememektedir. Bu çalışmada etmene karşı bazı fungisitlerin aktif maddeleri (Fosforoz asit (D*), Thiophanate methyl + Tetraconazole (Y*), Pyraclastrobin + Fluxapyroxad (P*), Metrafenone (V*), Azoxystrobin + Propiconazole (As), Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole (Ar)) ile bunların çeşitli kombinasyonları test edilmiştir. Çalışmada tüm fungisitlerin arazi koşullarındaki dozları (mg L-1) kullanılmış ve her uygulama dört tekerrürlü olarak yapılmıştır. Saf olarak Patates Dekstroz Agar (PDA) ortamında geliştirilen A. alternata izolatlarından elde edilen miselyal diskler (9 mm çap) ilgili fungisit solüsyonlarına 45 saniye süre ile batırılmış ve PDA ortamına aktarılmıştır. Çalışmada izolatların miselyal gelişme çapları iki gün ara ile ölçülmüş ve deneme sonunda izolatların fungisitlere karşı gösterdikleri % engellenme oranları hesaplanmıştır. A. alternata’nın 18 günlük gelişimi sonucu misel engelleme oranı en etkili bulunan fungisitler sırası ile %90.6 ile P*, %88.5 ile Ar*, %84.8 ile As, %71.8 ile Y*bulunurken en az etkili bulunan fungisitler ise %7.2 ile V* ve %37.4 ile D* olmuştur. Etmene karşı mücadelede in vitro koşullarda etkili bulunan fungisitlerin arazi koşullarında da etkili olabileceği ümitvar görülmüştür. Ayrıca P* ve Ar* aktif maddeli fungisitlerin karışımı, bu fungisitlerin tekli uygulanması ile kıyaslanmış, fungisit kombinasyonlarının etkinliği tartışılmıştır. A. alternata’ya karşı bu aktif maddelerin ruhsatlı olmaması ve alternatif fungisitlerin etkinliklerinin bilinmemesi, geniş konukçu kitlesine sahip olan ve farklı orman ve meyve ağaçları ile sebzeleri enfekte edebilen patojenin kimyasal mücadelesi üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria alternata, fungusit, % etki, kombinasyon, Petri çapı

In vitro efficacy of some fungicides against Alternaria alternata causing quality and quantity loss in plants

Öz

The control of A. alternata, causes significant losses in forest trees, vegetables and fruits, with registered fungicides cannot provide the desired effect. In this study, active ingredients of new generation fungicides (Phosphorus acid (D*), Thiophanate methyl + Tetraconazole (Y*), Pyraclastrobin + Fluxapyroxad (P*), Metrafenone (V*), Azoxystrobin + Propiconazole (As), Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole) (Ar)) and various combinations there of were tested. In the study, the doses of all fungicides in field conditions (mg L-1) were used and each application was made with four replications. A. alternata grown on pure Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Mycelial discs (9 mm diameter) obtained from isolates were immersed in the relevant fungicide solutions for 45 seconds and transferred to PDA medium. In the study, mycelial growth diameters of the isolates were measured with an interval of two days, and at the end of the experiment, the % inhibition rates of the isolates against fungicides were calculated. As a result of the 18-day development of A. alternata, the most effective fungicides with mycelial inhibition rate were P* with 90.6%, 88%, respectively. Ar* with 5, As with 84.8%, Y* with 71.8%, the least effective fungicides were V* with 7.2% and D* with 37.4%. It is hoped that fungicides, which are found to be effective in the fight against the agent in vitro, can also be effective in field conditions. In addition, the mixture of fungicides with P* and Ar* active substances was compared with the single application of these fungicides, and the effectiveness of the fungicide combinations was discussed. The fact that these active substances are not registered against A. alternata and the efficacy of alternative fungicides is not known, the chemical control of the pathogen, which has a wide host range and can infect different forest and fruit trees and vegetable crops, has been emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria alternata, fungicide, % effect, combination, Petri diameter

Kaynakça

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