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‘WAITING FOR THE BARBARIANS’: THE IMAGE OF THE OTHER IN DEREK MAHON’S ‘POEM BEGINNING WITH A LINE BY CAVAFY’

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 27 - 39, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.289417

Öz

In
‘Waiting for the Barbarians’, the Alexandrian poet Constantine Cavafy explains
how the ruling class maintains its power within the context of meanings
attributed to the Other, and  tells how
deeply the extinction of the Other shakes the current socio-political system. As
an archetype for a great number of literary studies, this poem also inspires
the Northern Irish poet Derek Mahon’s ‘Poem Beginning with a Line by Cavafy’. In
this poem, Mahon examines the dilemma of the civilised-self by questioning the
reigning Protestant obsession with Catholic presence. Grounded chiefly on the
traces of ‘Waiting for the Barbarians’ in ‘Poem Beginning with a Line by
Cavafy’, this paper tells how the Protestants in Northern Ireland used Catholic
presence politically to secure their sovereignty until the Good Friday
Agreement of 1998, and how they transformed this perception of historical
threat into a paranoia. The barbarians in both poems are practical scapegoats
for the reigning order. Yet, unlike those Cavafy describes, Mahon’s barbarians
live not beyond the borders, but together with the civilised-self, aping its
lifestyle. The civilised-self perceives even this desire for levelling as a
threat and gradually transforms into what it is frightened of, by positioning
itself negatively against the Other. If Cavafy’s barbarians are a remedy for
the decaying civilisation, Mahon’s barbarians are agents of the Protestant
paranoia as well as an outcome of the culturally decayed society. 

Kaynakça

  • Barbarian. (2017). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2017, from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15380.
  • Boletsi, M. (2013). Barbarism and its discontents. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Cavafy, C. P. (2007). C. P. Cavafy: The collected poems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (1992). History and its retrieval in contemporary Northern Irish poetry: Paulin, Montague and others. Elmer Andrews (Ed.). Contemporary Irish poetry: A collection of critical essays (pp.107-123). Houdmills-Basingstoke-Hampshire: The Macmillan Press.
  • Haughton, H. (2007). Poetry of Derek Mahon. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hufstader, J. (1999). Tongue of water teeth of stones: Northern Irish poetry and social violence. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • Mackridge, P. (2007). Introduction. Evangelos Sachperoglou et al. (Ed.), C.P. Cavafy: The collected poems (pp. xi-xxxiii). Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press.
  • Mahon, D. (2011). New collected poems. Loughcrew-Oldcastle-County Meath: The Gallery Press.
  • Mahon, D. (2000). Derek Mahon: The art of poetry. An Interview by Eamonn Grennan. Paris Review, No. 82, 150-178.
  • Mahon, D. (1979). Poems 1962-1978. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Moser, C. & Boletsi, M. (2015). Introduction. Maria Boletsi & Christian Moser (Ed.), Barbarism revisited: New perspectives on an old concept (pp. 11-28). Leiden-Boston: Brill-Rodopi.
  • Nashef, H. A. M. (2009). The politics of humiliation in the novels of J. M. Coetzee. New York-London: Routledge.
  • State, P. F. (2009). A brief history of Ireland. New York: Facts on File.
  • Vance, N. (2004). Decadence from Belfast to Byzantium. New Literary History, 35 (4), 563-572.

‘BARBARLARI BEKLERKEN’: DEREK MAHON’IN ‘POEM BEGINNING WITH A LINE BY CAVAFY’ ADLI ŞİİRİNDE ÖTEKİ İMGESİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 27 - 39, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.289417

Öz

İskenderiyeli şair Konstantinos Kavafis,
‘Barbarları Beklerken’ adlı şiirinde, ötekine yüklenen anlamlar çerçevesinde
yönetici erkin iktidarını nasıl sürdürdüğünü gözler önüne sermekte ve ötekinin
yokluğunun var olan sosyo-politik düzeni nasıl derinden sarstığını
anlatmaktadır. Bir çok yazınsal çalışmanın ilk örnekliğini oluşturan bu şiir,
Kuzey İrlandalı şair Derek Mahon’ın ‘Poem Beginning with a Line by Cavafy’ adlı
şiirine de esin kaynağı olmuştur. Mahon, bu şiirinde, Katolik varlığını
saplantıya dönüştüren egemen Protestan anlayışı sorgulayarak uygar bireyin
açmazını irdelemektedir. Daha çok ‘Barbarları Beklerken’in ‘Poem Beginning with
a Line by Cavafy’deki izlerini temel alan bu çalışma, 1998 yılında imzalanan
Hayırlı Cuma Antlaşması’na kadar geçen zaman içinde Kuzey İrlanda’daki
Protestanların egemenliklerini sağlamlaştırmak için Katolik varlığını politik
araç olarak nasıl kullandıklarını ve bu tarihsel tehdit algısını bir paranoyaya
nasıl dönüştürdüklerini anlatmaktadır. Barbarlar her iki şiirde de egemen düzen
için kullanışlı günah keçileridir. Ancak, Kavafis’inkilerin aksine, Mahon’ın
barbarları sınırların ötesinde değil, uygar kişi ile birlikte yaşamakta ve onun
yaşam tarzına öykünmektedirler. Uygar kişi ise bu benzeşme arzusunu bile tehdit
olarak algılamakta ve ötekine karşı olumsuz pozisyon alışı ile giderek korktuğu
şeye dönüşmektedir. Kavafis’in barbarları çöken uygarlığın çareleri ise,
Mahon’ın barbarları hem Protestan paranoyanın araçları hem de kültürel yönden
çöken toplumun ürünleridir. 

Kaynakça

  • Barbarian. (2017). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2017, from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15380.
  • Boletsi, M. (2013). Barbarism and its discontents. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Cavafy, C. P. (2007). C. P. Cavafy: The collected poems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (1992). History and its retrieval in contemporary Northern Irish poetry: Paulin, Montague and others. Elmer Andrews (Ed.). Contemporary Irish poetry: A collection of critical essays (pp.107-123). Houdmills-Basingstoke-Hampshire: The Macmillan Press.
  • Haughton, H. (2007). Poetry of Derek Mahon. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hufstader, J. (1999). Tongue of water teeth of stones: Northern Irish poetry and social violence. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • Mackridge, P. (2007). Introduction. Evangelos Sachperoglou et al. (Ed.), C.P. Cavafy: The collected poems (pp. xi-xxxiii). Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press.
  • Mahon, D. (2011). New collected poems. Loughcrew-Oldcastle-County Meath: The Gallery Press.
  • Mahon, D. (2000). Derek Mahon: The art of poetry. An Interview by Eamonn Grennan. Paris Review, No. 82, 150-178.
  • Mahon, D. (1979). Poems 1962-1978. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Moser, C. & Boletsi, M. (2015). Introduction. Maria Boletsi & Christian Moser (Ed.), Barbarism revisited: New perspectives on an old concept (pp. 11-28). Leiden-Boston: Brill-Rodopi.
  • Nashef, H. A. M. (2009). The politics of humiliation in the novels of J. M. Coetzee. New York-London: Routledge.
  • State, P. F. (2009). A brief history of Ireland. New York: Facts on File.
  • Vance, N. (2004). Decadence from Belfast to Byzantium. New Literary History, 35 (4), 563-572.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Mümin Hakkıoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Hakkıoğlu, M. (2017). ‘BARBARLARI BEKLERKEN’: DEREK MAHON’IN ‘POEM BEGINNING WITH A LINE BY CAVAFY’ ADLI ŞİİRİNDE ÖTEKİ İMGESİ. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(10), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.289417