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Conditionality in the European Union and Europeanization as a Process: The Case of Poland

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 28 - 42, 01.10.2023

Öz

The main regulations regarding the membership process in the European Union (EU) has been developed within the framework of the principle of conditionality. The candidate countries take their steps towards Europeanization based on this concept to harmonize with the EU. However, Europeanization should not only refer to harmonization with these criteria; it should also refer to a process that includes the post-accession period. This is because, once a country gains membership, conditionality is inadequate to control the protection of the key EU values, thereby introducing inconsistency between the EU and some member states in terms of the protection of these values after gaining membership. Recently, the EU took a significant decision over sanctions, specifically to cut funding for countries that breach the rule of law in the EU. This is a new step to investigate the harmonization of member states in post-accession to the EU. Focusing on the case of Poland, this paper analyzes Europeanization as a process within the framework of the EU values, examines the level of continuity of harmonization in post-accession and considers the regulation of rule of law conditionality that connects the rule of law and EU budget.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkmeşe Akgül, S. (2008). Avrupa Birliği’nde Koşullu Genişleme. B. Akçay, S. Kahraman ve S. Baykal (Eds.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Güncel Sorunları ve Gelişmeler (s. 419-450) içinde. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • An Official EU Website (t.y.). Accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/accession-criteria-copenhagen-criteria.html. Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2022.
  • BBC Türkçe. (2022). Macaristan ve Polonya AB fonları için demokratik kritere yaptıkları itirazı kaybetti. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60401238. Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2022.
  • Börzel, T.A. (2002). Pace-Setting, Foot-Dragging and Fence-Sitting: Member State Responses to Europeanization. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 193-214. Erdenir, B. (2014). Europeanization of Value Orientations in Turkey: Continuity or Change in Turkish Political Culture. Mediterranean Quarterly, 25(4), 83-106.
  • European Commission (2021). Rule of Law: Commission launches infringement procedure against Poland for violations of EU law by its Constitutional Tribunal. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_7070. Erişim Tarihi: 02.10. 2022.
  • European Council and Council of the European Union (2016). The Visegrad Group (V4). https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/documents-publications/library/library-blog/posts/the-visegrad-group-v4/. Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2021.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality (2021). Comparing scores for the 2021 edition. https://eige.europa.eu/gender-equality-index/2021-compare-countries. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Şubat 2022.
  • European Parliament (2020). Parliament approves the “rule of law conditionality” for access to EU funds. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20201211IPR93622/parliament-approves-the-rule-of-law-conditionality-for-access-to-eu-funds. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Aralık 2021.
  • Gateva, E. (2013). Post-accession conditionality – translating benchmarks into political pressure? East European Politics 29(4), 420-442.
  • Göçmen, İ. (2022). Hukukun Üstünlüğü İlkesi Çerçevesindeki Bütçe Koşulluluğu (2020/2092 sayılı Tüzük) AB Hukukuna Uygun Bulundu: Adalet Divanının Hungary v Parliament and Council (C-156/21) Kararı. ATAUM Blog.http://ataum.ankara.edu.tr/2022/02/21/blog-yazisi-28/. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Nisan 2022.
  • Guerra, S. (2017). Without Losing My Religion: the Dilemmas of EU Integration in Poland. Culture & Society, 8(2), .51-68.
  • Güngörmez, O. (2022). ABAD’ın “Koşulluluk Mekanizması” Kararı ve Yansımaları. İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı E-Bülteni. https://bulten.ikv.org.tr/?ust_id=11414&id=11415. Erişim Tarihi: 25 Nisan 2022.
  • Heinen, J. & Portet, S. (Güz 2009). Religion, Politics and Gender Equality in Poland. United Nations Research Institute For Social Development. https://unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/DCC39F09493ED178C125765800370C45/$file/WebPoland.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 08 Nisan 2021.
  • Hodor, K. & Kosinska, A. (2016). Polish Perceptions on the Immigration Influx: a Critical Analysis, University of Bologna Law Review 1(2), 242-270.
  • Jasiecki, K. (2008). The Europeanization of Polish Democracy. Polish Sociological Review, 4(164), 359-382.
  • Kochenov, D. ve Bard, P. (2018). Against Overemphasizing Enforcement in the Current Crisis: EU Law and the Rule of Law in the (New) Member States. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (s.72-89) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Official Journal of the European Union (2012). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union. https:/eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0023.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Erişim Tarihi: 27.09.2022.
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2020). Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R2092&from=EN. Erişim Tarihi: 27.09.2022.
  • Riishoj, S. (2007). Europeanization and Euroscepticism: Experiences from Poland and Czech Republic, Nationalities Papers 35(3), 503-535.
  • Risse, T. (2010). A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Cornell University Press.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (2018). The Europeanization of Eastern Europe: the External Incentives Model Revisited. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union, (s. 19-37) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
  • Szczerbiak, A. (2016). How will the EU’s ‘rule of law’ investigation affect Polish politics? LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/02/06/how-will-the-eus-rule-of-law-investigation-affect-polish-politics/. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Szczerbiak, A. (2017). How is the European migration crisis affecting Polish politics? LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/07/06/european-migration-crisis-affecting-polish-politics/. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Nisan 2021.
  • World Values Survey (2017-2022). Online Data Analysis-World Values Survey Wave 7: 2017-2022. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp. Erişim Tarihi: 05 Ekim 2022.
  • Wozniakowski, T.P., Schimmelfennig, F. ve Matlak, M. (2018). Europeanization Revisited: An Introduction. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski, (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union, (s. 6-18) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies,

AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE KOŞULLULUK VE BİR SÜREÇ OLARAK AVRUPALILAŞMA: POLONYA ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 28 - 42, 01.10.2023

Öz

Avrupa Birliği’ nde (AB), üyelik sürecindeki en temel düzenlemeler koşulluluk ilkesi çerçevesinde yapılmaktadır. Adaylık sürecindeki bütün ülkeler, bu kavram doğrultusunda ülkelerinin AB’ye uyumu yönünde Avrupalılaşma adımlarını atmaktadır. Ancak Avrupalılaşma yalnızca bu kriterlere uyum sağlamaktan daha fazlasına, AB’ye katılım sonrasını da kapsaması gereken bir sürece işaret etmektedir. Üyelik sonrasında AB’nin temel değerlerinin korunup korunmadığının kontrolü konusunda koşulluluk yetersiz kalmakta ve kimi üye ülkelerle AB arasında bu değerlerin korunması anlamında uyumsuzluk meydana gelmektedir. Son dönemde AB, yaptırımlarla ilgili önemli bir karar almış ve hukukun üstünlüğü ilkesini ihlal eden ülkelerin fonlarının kesileceğini belirtmiştir. Bu da, üye ülkelerin, AB’ye katılım sonrasında da AB’ye uyumlarının takip edilmesi için yeni bir adım niteliğindedir. Polonya örneği göz önüne alınarak, makalede, AB değerleri çerçevesinde Avrupalılaşma kavramı bir süreç olarak incelenirken üyelik sürecinde AB’ye sağlanan uyumun üyelik sonrasında ne ölçüde devam ettiği ele alınacak ve hukukun üstünlüğü ile AB bütçesi arasında bağ kuran hukukun üstünlüğü koşulluluğu düzenlemesi üzerinde durulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkmeşe Akgül, S. (2008). Avrupa Birliği’nde Koşullu Genişleme. B. Akçay, S. Kahraman ve S. Baykal (Eds.), Avrupa Birliği’nin Güncel Sorunları ve Gelişmeler (s. 419-450) içinde. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • An Official EU Website (t.y.). Accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/accession-criteria-copenhagen-criteria.html. Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2022.
  • BBC Türkçe. (2022). Macaristan ve Polonya AB fonları için demokratik kritere yaptıkları itirazı kaybetti. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60401238. Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2022.
  • Börzel, T.A. (2002). Pace-Setting, Foot-Dragging and Fence-Sitting: Member State Responses to Europeanization. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 193-214. Erdenir, B. (2014). Europeanization of Value Orientations in Turkey: Continuity or Change in Turkish Political Culture. Mediterranean Quarterly, 25(4), 83-106.
  • European Commission (2021). Rule of Law: Commission launches infringement procedure against Poland for violations of EU law by its Constitutional Tribunal. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_7070. Erişim Tarihi: 02.10. 2022.
  • European Council and Council of the European Union (2016). The Visegrad Group (V4). https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/documents-publications/library/library-blog/posts/the-visegrad-group-v4/. Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2021.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality (2021). Comparing scores for the 2021 edition. https://eige.europa.eu/gender-equality-index/2021-compare-countries. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Şubat 2022.
  • European Parliament (2020). Parliament approves the “rule of law conditionality” for access to EU funds. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20201211IPR93622/parliament-approves-the-rule-of-law-conditionality-for-access-to-eu-funds. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Aralık 2021.
  • Gateva, E. (2013). Post-accession conditionality – translating benchmarks into political pressure? East European Politics 29(4), 420-442.
  • Göçmen, İ. (2022). Hukukun Üstünlüğü İlkesi Çerçevesindeki Bütçe Koşulluluğu (2020/2092 sayılı Tüzük) AB Hukukuna Uygun Bulundu: Adalet Divanının Hungary v Parliament and Council (C-156/21) Kararı. ATAUM Blog.http://ataum.ankara.edu.tr/2022/02/21/blog-yazisi-28/. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Nisan 2022.
  • Guerra, S. (2017). Without Losing My Religion: the Dilemmas of EU Integration in Poland. Culture & Society, 8(2), .51-68.
  • Güngörmez, O. (2022). ABAD’ın “Koşulluluk Mekanizması” Kararı ve Yansımaları. İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı E-Bülteni. https://bulten.ikv.org.tr/?ust_id=11414&id=11415. Erişim Tarihi: 25 Nisan 2022.
  • Heinen, J. & Portet, S. (Güz 2009). Religion, Politics and Gender Equality in Poland. United Nations Research Institute For Social Development. https://unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/DCC39F09493ED178C125765800370C45/$file/WebPoland.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 08 Nisan 2021.
  • Hodor, K. & Kosinska, A. (2016). Polish Perceptions on the Immigration Influx: a Critical Analysis, University of Bologna Law Review 1(2), 242-270.
  • Jasiecki, K. (2008). The Europeanization of Polish Democracy. Polish Sociological Review, 4(164), 359-382.
  • Kochenov, D. ve Bard, P. (2018). Against Overemphasizing Enforcement in the Current Crisis: EU Law and the Rule of Law in the (New) Member States. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (s.72-89) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Official Journal of the European Union (2012). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union. https:/eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2bf140bf-a3f8-4ab2-b506-fd71826e6da6.0023.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Erişim Tarihi: 27.09.2022.
  • Official Journal of the European Union. (2020). Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R2092&from=EN. Erişim Tarihi: 27.09.2022.
  • Riishoj, S. (2007). Europeanization and Euroscepticism: Experiences from Poland and Czech Republic, Nationalities Papers 35(3), 503-535.
  • Risse, T. (2010). A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Cornell University Press.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (2018). The Europeanization of Eastern Europe: the External Incentives Model Revisited. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union, (s. 19-37) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
  • Szczerbiak, A. (2016). How will the EU’s ‘rule of law’ investigation affect Polish politics? LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/02/06/how-will-the-eus-rule-of-law-investigation-affect-polish-politics/. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Nisan 2021.
  • Szczerbiak, A. (2017). How is the European migration crisis affecting Polish politics? LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/07/06/european-migration-crisis-affecting-polish-politics/. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Nisan 2021.
  • World Values Survey (2017-2022). Online Data Analysis-World Values Survey Wave 7: 2017-2022. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp. Erişim Tarihi: 05 Ekim 2022.
  • Wozniakowski, T.P., Schimmelfennig, F. ve Matlak, M. (2018). Europeanization Revisited: An Introduction. M. Matlak, F. Schimmelfennig ve T. P. Wozniakowski, (Eds.), Europeanization Revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union, (s. 6-18) içinde European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies,
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Politika (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özlem Sefer 0000-0002-7730-6556

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sefer, Ö. (2023). AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE KOŞULLULUK VE BİR SÜREÇ OLARAK AVRUPALILAŞMA: POLONYA ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 28-42.