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Pandemi Süresinde Halk Otobüsü Sistemleri: Engelli Yolcular İçin Bariyerler

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 43, 153 - 179, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1333521

Öz

İstihdama, eğitime ve sosyal hayata katılım, engelliler için kritik bir zorluktur. Engellilerin gün boyunca karşılaştıkları zorlukları tespit etmek için, onların özelliklerini ve sorunlarını gerçekçi bir şekilde anlamak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ulaşım ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için otobüsle ulaşımı tercih eden engelli yolcuların özellikle ulaşım sistemine fiziksel olarak erişme ve bilgi edinme konusunda yaşadıkları engeller incelenmiş ve bu engellerin pandemic döneminde nasıl şekil aldığına odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış bir anket çalışması çerçevesinde 43 engelli yolcudan otobüs seferleri hakkında, yolculuğa dair bilgi edinme aşamasından nihai varış noktasına varana kadar tüm süreci nitelendirmeleri istenmiştir. İstanbul'da uygulanan pandemi önlem tedbirleri esnasında engelli yolcuların yaşadıkları deneyim ve zorluklara ne tür ek engeller yarattığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Pandemi dönemi ve müteakip tedbirlerin engelli yolcular için psikolojik sıkıntı gibi birçok ek engeli ortaya çıkardığı ve toplumun engelli kişilerin kendilerine özgü özellikler (örneğin engelliliğin sadece fiziksel yani dışlarıdan görünen bir konu olmadığı) ve diğer endişeleri konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Hizmet sağlayıcı ve karar vericilerin, karar verme sürecinde engellilik türüne bağlı olarak daha ayrıntılı bir yaklaşımı göz önünde bulundurması gerektiği de çalışmanın sonuçlarındandır.

Kaynakça

  • Aldersey, H. M., Quadir, M. M., Akter, S., Mozumder, R. H., Nazneen, N., & Nuri, R. P. (2018). Barriers and facilitators for wheelchair users in Bangladesh: A participatory action research project. Disability CBR & Inclusive Development, 29, 24-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v29i2.730
  • Anaby, D., Hand, C., Bradley, L., DiRezze, B., Forhan, M., DiGiacomo, A., & Law, M. (2013). The Effect of the Environment on Participation of Children, and Youth with Disabilities: A Scoping Review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(19), 1589-1598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.748840
  • Babinard, Wang, R. Bennett, & Mehndiratta, S. (2012). Accessibility of urban transport for people with disabilities and limited mobility : Lessons from East Asia and the Pacific. World Bank. World Bank. Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/932371468234283368/pdf/779690BRI0Box30C00TRN0440ADD0VC0KNS.pdf
  • Banister, D., & Bowling, A. (2004). Quality of life for the elderly: The transport dimension. Elsevier Transport Policy, 11(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(03)00052-0
  • Beck, M. J., & Hensher, D. A. (2020a). nsights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days under restrictions. Transp Policy, 96, 76-93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.001
  • Beck, M. J., & Hensher, D. A. (2020b). Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions. Transport Policy, 95-119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004
  • Bezyak, J. L., Sabella, S. A., & Gattis, R. H. (2017). Public transportation: An investigation of barriers for people with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 1(28), 52-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207317702070
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Choak, C. (2011). Asking questions: interviews and evaluations. In C. F. Bradford S., Research and Research Methods for Youth Practitioners (p. 23). London: Routledge.
  • Cochran, A. L. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on access to transportation for people with disabilities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100263
  • de Haas, M., Faber, R., & Hamersma, M. (2020). How COVID-19 and the Dutch intelligent lockdown' change activities, work and travel behaviour: Evidence from longitudinal data in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100150
  • Erten, Ş. & Aktel, M. (2020). Engellilerin erişilebilirlik hakkı: Engelsiz kent yaklaşımı. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 11(28), pp. 898-912. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.691690
  • F Bromley, R. D., Matthews, D. L., & Thomas, C. J. (2007). City centre accessibility for wheelchair users: The consumer perspective and the planning implications. Cities 24 - The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 3(24), 229-241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2007.01.009
  • Galletta, A. (2013). Mastering Semi-structured Intervied and Beyond. New York University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814732939.001.0001
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough?:An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x05279903
  • IETT, Istanbul Electric Tram and Tunnel Administration. (2020, 12 07). İETT pandemide yoğunluğu azaltmak için sefer sayılarını artırdı. Retrieved 11 24, 2021 , from https://iett.istanbul/tr/main/news/iett-pandemide-yogunlugu-azaltmak-icin-sefer-/2435
  • Jansuwan, S., Christensen, K. & Chen, A. (2013). Assessing the transportation needs of low-mobility individuals: Case study of a small urban community in Utah. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 139(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.00001
  • Jenelius, E., & Cebecauer, M. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641536
  • Jenkins, G., Yuen, H., & Vogtle, L. (2015). Experience of multisensory environments in public space among people with visual impairment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 8644-8657. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120808644
  • Mafatlane, G. R., Fidzani, L. C., & Gobotswang, K. S. (2014). Wheelchair users as consumers: accessibility of supermarkets in Gaborone, Botswana. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 94-100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12155
  • Meyers, A. R., Anderson, J. J., Miller, D. R., Shipp, K., & Hoenig, H. (2002). Barriers, facilitators, and access for wheelchair users: sbstantive and methodologic lessons from a pilot study of environmental effects. Social Science & Medicine, 8(55), 1435-1446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00269-6
  • Namey, E., Guest, G., McKenna, K., & Chen, M. (2016). Evaluating bang for the buck: A cost-effectiveness comparison between individual interviews and focus groups based on thematic saturation levels. American Journal of Evaluation, 3(37), 425-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214016630406
  • Park, J., & Chowdhury, S. (2017). nvestigating the barriers in a typical journey by public transport users with disabilities. Journal of Transport & Health, 10, 361-368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.008
  • Rantakokko, M., M. Manty, and T. Rantanen. (2012). Mobility Decline in Old Age. American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 41(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3182556f1e
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated communities: definitions, causes and consequences. Urban Design and Planning, 163(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.2010.163.1.31
  • Rojek, C. (2000). Indexing, Dragging and the Social Construction of Tourist Sights. In C. R. Urry, Touring Cultures. Transformation of Travel and Theory (pp. 52-74). New York: Routledge.
  • Rosenbloom, S. (2007). Transportation Patterns and Problems of People with Disabilities. In I. o. America, M. J. Field, & A. M. Jette (Eds.), The Future of Disability in America (pp. 145-152). Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
  • Rubin, H., & Rubin, I. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. SAGE Publishing. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452226651
  • Shakibaei, S., de Jong, G. C., Alpkökin, P., & Rashidi, T. H. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior in Istanbul: A panel data analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102619
  • Shamshiripour, A., Rahimi, E., Shabanpour, R., & Mohammadian, A. K. (2020). How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perpectives, 7, 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216
  • Velho, R., Holloway, C., Symonds, A., & Balmer, B. (2016). The effect of transport accessibility on the social inclusion of wheelchair users: A mixed method analysis. Transport Policy and Social Inclusion, 4(3), 24-35. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i3.484
  • WHO. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. WHO.

Public Bus Transportation Systems During the Pandemic: Barriers For Passengers with Disabilities

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 43, 153 - 179, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1333521

Öz

Participation in employment, education and social life is a critical challenge for people with disabilities. In order to identify the difficulties that disabled people face throughout the day, it is necessary to understand their characteristics and problems realistically. In this study, the obstacles experienced by disabled passengers who prefer bus transportation to meet their transportation needs, especially in physically accessing the transportation system and obtaining information, were examined and focused on how these obstacles took shape during the pandemic period. In the study, within the framework of a semi-structured survey, 43 disabled passengers were asked to describe the entire process of bus services, from the stage of obtaining information about the journey to reaching the final destination. It was focused on what kind of additional obstacles were created to the experiences and difficulties experienced by disabled passengers during the pandemic precaution measures implemented in Istanbul. It has been determined that the pandemic period and subsequent measures have revealed many additional obstacles, such as psychological distress, for disabled passengers, and that the society should be made aware of the unique characteristics of disabled people (for example, disability is not just a physical issue) and other concerns. One of the results of the study is that service providers and decision makers should consider a more detailed approach depending on the type of disability in the decision-making process.

Kaynakça

  • Aldersey, H. M., Quadir, M. M., Akter, S., Mozumder, R. H., Nazneen, N., & Nuri, R. P. (2018). Barriers and facilitators for wheelchair users in Bangladesh: A participatory action research project. Disability CBR & Inclusive Development, 29, 24-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v29i2.730
  • Anaby, D., Hand, C., Bradley, L., DiRezze, B., Forhan, M., DiGiacomo, A., & Law, M. (2013). The Effect of the Environment on Participation of Children, and Youth with Disabilities: A Scoping Review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(19), 1589-1598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.748840
  • Babinard, Wang, R. Bennett, & Mehndiratta, S. (2012). Accessibility of urban transport for people with disabilities and limited mobility : Lessons from East Asia and the Pacific. World Bank. World Bank. Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/932371468234283368/pdf/779690BRI0Box30C00TRN0440ADD0VC0KNS.pdf
  • Banister, D., & Bowling, A. (2004). Quality of life for the elderly: The transport dimension. Elsevier Transport Policy, 11(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(03)00052-0
  • Beck, M. J., & Hensher, D. A. (2020a). nsights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days under restrictions. Transp Policy, 96, 76-93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.001
  • Beck, M. J., & Hensher, D. A. (2020b). Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions. Transport Policy, 95-119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004
  • Bezyak, J. L., Sabella, S. A., & Gattis, R. H. (2017). Public transportation: An investigation of barriers for people with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 1(28), 52-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207317702070
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Choak, C. (2011). Asking questions: interviews and evaluations. In C. F. Bradford S., Research and Research Methods for Youth Practitioners (p. 23). London: Routledge.
  • Cochran, A. L. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on access to transportation for people with disabilities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100263
  • de Haas, M., Faber, R., & Hamersma, M. (2020). How COVID-19 and the Dutch intelligent lockdown' change activities, work and travel behaviour: Evidence from longitudinal data in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100150
  • Erten, Ş. & Aktel, M. (2020). Engellilerin erişilebilirlik hakkı: Engelsiz kent yaklaşımı. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 11(28), pp. 898-912. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.691690
  • F Bromley, R. D., Matthews, D. L., & Thomas, C. J. (2007). City centre accessibility for wheelchair users: The consumer perspective and the planning implications. Cities 24 - The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, 3(24), 229-241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2007.01.009
  • Galletta, A. (2013). Mastering Semi-structured Intervied and Beyond. New York University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814732939.001.0001
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough?:An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x05279903
  • IETT, Istanbul Electric Tram and Tunnel Administration. (2020, 12 07). İETT pandemide yoğunluğu azaltmak için sefer sayılarını artırdı. Retrieved 11 24, 2021 , from https://iett.istanbul/tr/main/news/iett-pandemide-yogunlugu-azaltmak-icin-sefer-/2435
  • Jansuwan, S., Christensen, K. & Chen, A. (2013). Assessing the transportation needs of low-mobility individuals: Case study of a small urban community in Utah. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 139(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.00001
  • Jenelius, E., & Cebecauer, M. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641536
  • Jenkins, G., Yuen, H., & Vogtle, L. (2015). Experience of multisensory environments in public space among people with visual impairment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 8644-8657. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120808644
  • Mafatlane, G. R., Fidzani, L. C., & Gobotswang, K. S. (2014). Wheelchair users as consumers: accessibility of supermarkets in Gaborone, Botswana. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 94-100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12155
  • Meyers, A. R., Anderson, J. J., Miller, D. R., Shipp, K., & Hoenig, H. (2002). Barriers, facilitators, and access for wheelchair users: sbstantive and methodologic lessons from a pilot study of environmental effects. Social Science & Medicine, 8(55), 1435-1446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00269-6
  • Namey, E., Guest, G., McKenna, K., & Chen, M. (2016). Evaluating bang for the buck: A cost-effectiveness comparison between individual interviews and focus groups based on thematic saturation levels. American Journal of Evaluation, 3(37), 425-440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214016630406
  • Park, J., & Chowdhury, S. (2017). nvestigating the barriers in a typical journey by public transport users with disabilities. Journal of Transport & Health, 10, 361-368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.008
  • Rantakokko, M., M. Manty, and T. Rantanen. (2012). Mobility Decline in Old Age. American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 41(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3182556f1e
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated communities: definitions, causes and consequences. Urban Design and Planning, 163(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.2010.163.1.31
  • Rojek, C. (2000). Indexing, Dragging and the Social Construction of Tourist Sights. In C. R. Urry, Touring Cultures. Transformation of Travel and Theory (pp. 52-74). New York: Routledge.
  • Rosenbloom, S. (2007). Transportation Patterns and Problems of People with Disabilities. In I. o. America, M. J. Field, & A. M. Jette (Eds.), The Future of Disability in America (pp. 145-152). Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
  • Rubin, H., & Rubin, I. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. SAGE Publishing. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452226651
  • Shakibaei, S., de Jong, G. C., Alpkökin, P., & Rashidi, T. H. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel behavior in Istanbul: A panel data analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102619
  • Shamshiripour, A., Rahimi, E., Shabanpour, R., & Mohammadian, A. K. (2020). How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perpectives, 7, 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216
  • Velho, R., Holloway, C., Symonds, A., & Balmer, B. (2016). The effect of transport accessibility on the social inclusion of wheelchair users: A mixed method analysis. Transport Policy and Social Inclusion, 4(3), 24-35. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i3.484
  • WHO. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. WHO.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ulaşım Planlaması
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Adnan Varer 0000-0001-6532-6210

Güzin Akyıldız Alçura 0000-0001-7424-2764

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Varer, A., & Akyıldız Alçura, G. (2024). Public Bus Transportation Systems During the Pandemic: Barriers For Passengers with Disabilities. İDEALKENT, 16(43), 153-179. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1333521