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THE TRACES OF WOMB ENVY IN THE PATRIARCHAL PANTHEON IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 275 - 290, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1359022

Öz

Myths provide insight both into the cultural aspects of human societies and the psychological motivations behind human actions, drives, urges, dreams and fantasies. Myths illustrate how the ancient people make sense of their existence, creation, the working of the earth, natural events and catastrophes. They also provide symbolic representations and projections of desired attainments, relations, bodies and institutions in human culture. In this sense, wishfulfillment can be considered one of the fundamental functions of myths. Important psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung also extensively make use of myths to shed light on various aspects of cultural practices, human psyche and behavior. This paper intends to explore the traces of womb envy in Greek mythology since it is one of the fundamental feelings and desires that can be observed in the male psyche. The child-bearing capacity of women, along with the pre-oedipal mother-child relation, has always created anxiety and fear in male deities, which in fact reflect the real life experience. Gods’ desire to possess the ruling power can be seen as an attempt to overcome this fear and make up for their lack of reproductive capacity. This paper will examine the selected myths in a psychoanalytical framework with specific references to Melanie Klein’s and Karen Horney’s concepts of womb envy.

Kaynakça

  • Eschbach, C. L. (2008). Toward an understanding of womb envy: Developmental and clinical perspectives. In Léon Wurmser, Heidrun Jarass (Eds.), Jealousy and envy: New views about two powerful feelings (pp.49-75). Taylor & Francis.
  • Faergeman, P. M. (1955). Fantasies of menstruation in men. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 24(1), 1-19.
  • Langsdale, S. & Coody, E. R. (Eds.). (2020). Introduction. Monstrous women in comics. University Press of Mississippi.
  • Larson L. J. (2001). Greek nymphs: Myth, cult, lore. Oxford University Press.
  • Lax, Ruth F. (1997). Boys' envy of mother and the consequences of this narcissistic mortification. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 52, 118-139.
  • Lerner, H. (1974). Early origins of envy and devaluation of women: Implications for sex role stereotypes. Bull. Menninger Clinic, 38 (6), 538–553.
  • Libbey, M. (2018). On shame in narcissistic states of consciousness: Clinical illustration. In Andrew B. Druck, Carolyn S. Ellman, Norbert Freedman (Eds.), A new Freudian synthesis: Clinical process in the next (pp.131-157). Taylor & Francis.
  • Madison, P. (1961). Freud`s concept of repression, and defense: Its theoretical and observational language. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Mead, M. (1949). Male and female — A study of the sexes in a changing world. William Morrow. Miller, J. D. & Campbell, W. Keith. (2011). The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments. John Wiley & Sons
  • Murray, J. A. H (Ed.). (1971). The compact edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (18th ed., vol. 2). Oxford University Press.
  • Nelson, J. B. (1967). Anlage of productiveness in boys: Womb envy. J am Acad. Child Psychiatry, 6, 213-225.
  • Plumwood, Val. (1993). Feminism and the mastery of nature. Taylor & Francis.
  • Rank, O. (1941). Beyond psychology. Dover.
  • Van der Leeuw (1958). The preoedipal phase of the male. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 13, 352-374.
  • Van Leeuwen, K. (1966). Pregnancy envy in the male. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 47, 319–324.
  • Warnes, H. &Hill, G. (1974). Gender Identity and The Wish To Be A Woman. Psychosomatics, 15(1), 25-29.
  • Wilson, N. (2020). Willful monstrosity: Gender and race in 21st century horror. McFarland.
  • Zilboorg, G. (1944). Masculine and feminine. Psychiatry, 7, 257–296.

YUNAN MİTOLOJiSiNDE ATAERKiL PANTEON'DA RAHiM KISKANÇLIĞININ İZLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 275 - 290, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1359022

Öz

Mitler, hem insan toplumlarının kültürel yönlerine hem de insan eylem, dürtü, rüya ve fantezilerinin ardındaki psikolojik motivasyonlara ilişkin içgörü sağlar. Mitler, eski insanların varlıklarını, yaratılışlarını, dünyanın işleyişini, doğal olayları ve felaketleri nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını gösterir. Ayrıca mitler insan kültüründe ulaşılması arzu edilen kazanım, ilişki, beden ve kurumların sembolik temsillerini ve projeksiyonlarını sağlarlar. Bu açıdan bakıldığında özellikle de bilinç dışı dilek ve arzuların gerçekleştirilmesi, mitlerin temel işlevlerinden biri olarak kabul edilebilir. Sigmund Freud ve Carl Jung gibi önemli psikanalistler de kültürel uygulamalarla beraber insan ruhunun ve davranışlarının çeşitli yönlerine ışık tutmak için yaygın olarak mitlerden yararlanırlar. Bu makale, erkeklerde gözlenebilen temel duygulardan biri olan rahim kıskançlığının Yunan mitolojisindeki izlerini keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ödipal öncesi anne-çocuk ilişkisi ile birlikte kadının çocuk doğurma kapasitesi, erkek tanrılarda her zaman kaygı ve korku yaratmıştır. Tanrıların yönetme ve kontrol etme gücüne sahip olma arzusu ve hırsı, bu korkularının üstesinden gelme ve üreme kapasitelerindeki bu eksikliği telafi etme girişimi olarak görülebilir. Bu makale, konu ile ilgili olarak seçilen mitlerin, Melanie Klein ve Karen Horney'in rahim kıskançlığı kavramları çerçevesinde psikanalitik analizinin yapılmasını amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Eschbach, C. L. (2008). Toward an understanding of womb envy: Developmental and clinical perspectives. In Léon Wurmser, Heidrun Jarass (Eds.), Jealousy and envy: New views about two powerful feelings (pp.49-75). Taylor & Francis.
  • Faergeman, P. M. (1955). Fantasies of menstruation in men. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 24(1), 1-19.
  • Langsdale, S. & Coody, E. R. (Eds.). (2020). Introduction. Monstrous women in comics. University Press of Mississippi.
  • Larson L. J. (2001). Greek nymphs: Myth, cult, lore. Oxford University Press.
  • Lax, Ruth F. (1997). Boys' envy of mother and the consequences of this narcissistic mortification. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 52, 118-139.
  • Lerner, H. (1974). Early origins of envy and devaluation of women: Implications for sex role stereotypes. Bull. Menninger Clinic, 38 (6), 538–553.
  • Libbey, M. (2018). On shame in narcissistic states of consciousness: Clinical illustration. In Andrew B. Druck, Carolyn S. Ellman, Norbert Freedman (Eds.), A new Freudian synthesis: Clinical process in the next (pp.131-157). Taylor & Francis.
  • Madison, P. (1961). Freud`s concept of repression, and defense: Its theoretical and observational language. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Mead, M. (1949). Male and female — A study of the sexes in a changing world. William Morrow. Miller, J. D. & Campbell, W. Keith. (2011). The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments. John Wiley & Sons
  • Murray, J. A. H (Ed.). (1971). The compact edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (18th ed., vol. 2). Oxford University Press.
  • Nelson, J. B. (1967). Anlage of productiveness in boys: Womb envy. J am Acad. Child Psychiatry, 6, 213-225.
  • Plumwood, Val. (1993). Feminism and the mastery of nature. Taylor & Francis.
  • Rank, O. (1941). Beyond psychology. Dover.
  • Van der Leeuw (1958). The preoedipal phase of the male. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 13, 352-374.
  • Van Leeuwen, K. (1966). Pregnancy envy in the male. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 47, 319–324.
  • Warnes, H. &Hill, G. (1974). Gender Identity and The Wish To Be A Woman. Psychosomatics, 15(1), 25-29.
  • Wilson, N. (2020). Willful monstrosity: Gender and race in 21st century horror. McFarland.
  • Zilboorg, G. (1944). Masculine and feminine. Psychiatry, 7, 257–296.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Edebi Teori
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Banu Akçeşme 0000-0002-8217-9360

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akçeşme, B. (2023). THE TRACES OF WOMB ENVY IN THE PATRIARCHAL PANTHEON IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1359022

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 

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