The Relationship between Economic Development and Human Development: An Empirical Analysis on Fragile Five Countries

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 37, 27 - 40, 01.01.2024

Ozan Gönüllü

https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.1368996

Öz

The concept of development, especially for developing countries, is too important a concept to be narrowed down to include only economic development. Recent literature have concluded that should be focused on human development for sustainable economic development. Determining the factors and relationships affecting development is important in terms of shedding light on the problems of countries that want to achieve sustainable development goal and suggesting solutions. In this study, the relations between two dimensions of development, economic development and human development, were examined. The dependent variables of the study, which covers 32 years between 1990 and 2021, representing human development are Life Expectancy (YS), Education Period (ES) and Gender Inequality Index (CEE). The variable representing economic development is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. After the data were subjected to homogeneity, cross-section dependence, and unit root tests, economic development-human development relations were investigated with the Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test. According to the test results, the relationship between YS and GDP is statistically insignificant, while the ES and CEE's relationship with GDP is statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval (p<.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic Development, Human Development, Fragile Five, UNDP, Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test.

Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İnsani Kalkınma İlişkisi: Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz

Öz

Kalkınma kavramı, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için, salt ekonomik gelişmeyi içerecek şekilde daraltılamayacak kadar önemli bir kavramdır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sürdürülebilir ekonomik gelişme için insani gelişmeye odaklanılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Kalkınmayı etkileyen faktörlerin ve ilişkilerin belirlenmesi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefine ulaşmak isteyen ülkelerin sorunlarına ışık tutması ve çözüm yolu önermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kalkınmanın iki boyutu olan ekonomik kalkınma ve insani kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. 1990-2021 yılları arasındaki 32 yılı kapsayan çalışmanın insani kalkınmayı temsil eden bağımlı değişkeleri Yaşam Süresi (YS), Eğitim Süresi (ES) ve Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi (CEE)’dir. Ekonomik kalkınmayı temsil eden değişken ise Kişi Başına Gayrı Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH)’dır. Veriler homojenlik, yatay kesit bağımlılığı, birim kök sınamalarına tabi tutulduktan sonra Westerlund Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi ile ekonomik kalkınma-insani kalkınma ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre YS ile GSYİH arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunurken, ES ve CEE ile GSYİH arasındaki ilişki ise %95 güven aralığında (p<.05) istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik Kalkınma, İnsani Kalkınma, Kırılgan Beşli, UNDP, Westerlund Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi

Kaynakça

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