Araştırma Makalesi
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Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 119 - 136, 15.06.2016

Öz

1979 yılında yaşanan İran İslam Devrimi sonrasında İslamcı politikalar kurulan yeni rejimin hem iç hem de dış politikalarının temelini oluşturmuştur. Ancak milliyetçilik de göz ardı edilmemiş ve daha da ileri gidilerek Şii İslam ve İslam öncesi Pers kültürünün harmanlanması ile bir İranlılık kimliği yaratılmıştır. Bu kimlik devlet tarafından, Şii mitolojisi, İslam öncesi Pers kültürü, anti-emperyalizm, Üçüncü Dünyacılık ve anti-Siyonizm gibi ögelerle harmanlanmış ve çok etnikli İran toplumuna ortak bir aidiyet olarak sunulmuştur. Bu aidiyet olgusunun hem İran içinde hem de İran dışında cereyan eden olaylar üzerine inşa edildiği iddia edilebilir. Bunu yaparken, İran Devleti basılması kendi tekelinde olan banknotları, madeni paraları ve posta pullarını gündelik milliyeçiliğin aracı olarak kullanmış ve bu ‘banal’ yollar ile İranlılık duygusunun her gün yeniden üretilmesine katkı yapmıştır. Böylelikle, banknotlar, madeni paralar ve posta pulları gibi görsel semboller aracılığı ile devlet, kendi oluşturduğu kimliği yine kendi içerisinde bulunan alt-ulusal kimliklerin bu resmi kimliğe saldırılarına karşı bir savunma aracı olarak banal milliyetçilik vasıtası ile kullanmış olmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamian, E. (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York.
  • Airriess, C., Hawkins, M, & Vaughan, E. (2011). Situating Banal Nationalism, the Culture Wars, and Civil Religion:Governing Localized Geographies of National Identity in Indiana. Social and Cultural Geography, 13:1, 49-67.Ansari, Ali. “Iranian Nationalism Rediscovered”, 29 January, 2009, available on http://www.mei.edu/content/ iranian-nationalism-rediscovered Date Accessed: 08.12.2015
  • Antonsich, Marko. (2015). The Everyday of Banal Nationalism: Ordinary people’s Views on Italy and Italian,Political Geography, 5, available on http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629815000621Date Accessed: 09.12.2015
  • Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism. Sage Publications: London.
  • Brubaker, R. (2012). Religion and Nationalism: Four Approaches. Nations and Nationalism, 18:1, 2-20.
  • Brunn, Stanley D. (2011). Stamps as Messengers of Political Transition. The Geographical Review, 101:1, 19-36.
  • Cerulo, K. A. (1993). Symbols and the World System: National Anthems and Flags. Sociological Forum, 8:2, 243-271.
  • Chelkowski, P., & Dabashi, H. (1999). Staging a Revolution: The Art of Persuasion in the Islamic Republic of Iran. NewYork University Press: New York.
  • Deans, P., & Dobson, H. (2005). East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts. East Asia, 22:2, 3-7.
  • Friedland, R. (2002). Money, Sex, and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism. Sociological Theory, 20:3,381-425.
  • Friedland, R. (2011). The Institutional Logic of Religious Nationalism: Sex, Violence and the Ends of History,Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12:1, 1-24.
  • Habibi, N. (2004). Popularity of Islamic and Persian Names in Iran before and after the Islamic Revolution. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24, 253-260.
  • Hazır, A. (2015). Comparing Turkey and Iran in Political Science and Historical Sociology: A Critical Review.Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2:1, 1-30
  • Iran says it has put first dummy satellite in orbit, 18 August, 2008, available on http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-satellite-idushaf75296620080818#cihıleequz7qpgeh.97 Date Accessed: 13.12.2015

Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 119 - 136, 15.06.2016

Öz

After its 1979 revolution, Islamism became Iran’s main policy as regards its domestic and foreign affairs. However, nationalism continued to exist. After the revolution, the national identity of Iranianness based on Shii Islam and pre-Islamic Persian history was created. By merging Shii traditions, pre-Islamic Persian culture, anti-imperialism, Third Worldism, and anti-Zionism, this new identity was introduced as one of belonging. One can claim that it was also built on common values held by Iranians living inside and outside the country. One part of this undertaking was the use of banknotes, coins, and postage stamps, which can only be issued by the state, as instruments of daily nationalism designed to constantly re-produce the desired identity among its people, in this case Iranianness. In this respect, the state uses such visual symbols to defend the official identity against the existence of sub-national identities.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamian, E. (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York.
  • Airriess, C., Hawkins, M, & Vaughan, E. (2011). Situating Banal Nationalism, the Culture Wars, and Civil Religion:Governing Localized Geographies of National Identity in Indiana. Social and Cultural Geography, 13:1, 49-67.Ansari, Ali. “Iranian Nationalism Rediscovered”, 29 January, 2009, available on http://www.mei.edu/content/ iranian-nationalism-rediscovered Date Accessed: 08.12.2015
  • Antonsich, Marko. (2015). The Everyday of Banal Nationalism: Ordinary people’s Views on Italy and Italian,Political Geography, 5, available on http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629815000621Date Accessed: 09.12.2015
  • Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism. Sage Publications: London.
  • Brubaker, R. (2012). Religion and Nationalism: Four Approaches. Nations and Nationalism, 18:1, 2-20.
  • Brunn, Stanley D. (2011). Stamps as Messengers of Political Transition. The Geographical Review, 101:1, 19-36.
  • Cerulo, K. A. (1993). Symbols and the World System: National Anthems and Flags. Sociological Forum, 8:2, 243-271.
  • Chelkowski, P., & Dabashi, H. (1999). Staging a Revolution: The Art of Persuasion in the Islamic Republic of Iran. NewYork University Press: New York.
  • Deans, P., & Dobson, H. (2005). East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts. East Asia, 22:2, 3-7.
  • Friedland, R. (2002). Money, Sex, and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism. Sociological Theory, 20:3,381-425.
  • Friedland, R. (2011). The Institutional Logic of Religious Nationalism: Sex, Violence and the Ends of History,Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12:1, 1-24.
  • Habibi, N. (2004). Popularity of Islamic and Persian Names in Iran before and after the Islamic Revolution. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 24, 253-260.
  • Hazır, A. (2015). Comparing Turkey and Iran in Political Science and Historical Sociology: A Critical Review.Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2:1, 1-30
  • Iran says it has put first dummy satellite in orbit, 18 August, 2008, available on http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-satellite-idushaf75296620080818#cihıleequz7qpgeh.97 Date Accessed: 13.12.2015
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nail Elhan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Elhan, N. (2016). Banal Nationalism in Iran: Daily Re-Production of National and Religious Identity. İnsan Ve Toplum, 6(1), 119-136.