Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 85 - 104, 23.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2021-895098

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agard, W. R. (1933). Fate and Freedom in Greek Tragedy. The Classical Journal, 29(2), 117-126. google scholar
  • Benedict, R. (1934). Anthropology and the Abnormal. Journal of General Psychology, 10. google scholar
  • Benedict, R. (1947). The chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. London: Secker & Warburg. google scholar
  • Brandt, G. (2001). Lust in Action: The Faces of Phaedra. C. A. Mayer Memorial Lecture. google scholar
  • Calcamp, K. (2016). Reflections of Hippolytus: An Examination of Sexuality through Adaptation. Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, 31(1), 109-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2016.0024. google scholar
  • Corrigan, T. (2017). Defining Adaptation. In T. Leitch (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Euripides. (2009). Hippolytus. (T. Wertenbaker, Trans.). London: Faber and Faber. (Original work dates back to 428 BC) google scholar
  • Gerard, A. S. (1993). The Phaedra syndrome: Of shame and guilt in drama. Amsterdam-Atlanta: Rodopi. google scholar
  • Hard, R. (2004). The Routledge handbook of Greek mythology. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Harrison, T. (2002). Phaedra Britannica. London: Faber and Faber. (First performed in 1975). Retrieved March 02, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780571285983.00000011. google scholar
  • Homer. (1725). The Odyssey. (A. Pope, Trans.). (Original work dates back to the 8th century BC) Retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3160/3160-0.txt. google scholar
  • Huk, R. (1993). Postmodern Classics: The Verse Drama of Tony Harrison. In J. Acheson (Ed.), British and Irish Drama since 1960s. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hutcheon, L. (2006). A theory ofAdaptation. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Kovacs, D. (1980). Shame, Pleasure, and Honor in Phaedra’s Great Speech (Euripides, Hippolytus 375-87). The American Journal of Philology, 101(3), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/294268. google scholar
  • Marshall, H. (2009). The Hughes Version: Commercial Considerations and Dramatic Imagination. In R. Rees (Ed.), Ted Hughes and the Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Messer, A. A. (1969). The Phaedra complex. Archives of general psychiatry, 21(2), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archpsyc.1969.01740200085012. google scholar
  • O’Hear, A. (1976). Guilt and shame as moral concepts. In Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Vol. 77, pp. 7386). Aristotelian Society, Wiley. google scholar
  • Ploix, C. (2018). Reterritorialization and aesthetic transformations: the case of Tony Harrison’s Phaedra Britannica and The Misanthrope. Perspectives, 26(4), 478-494. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1467472. google scholar
  • Poore, B. (2012). Heritage, Nostalgia and Modern British Theatre. Staging the Victorians. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Racine, J. (2001). Phedra. (J. Rose, Trans.). London: Nick Hern Books. (Originally published in 1677). google scholar
  • Racine, J. (2015). Phedre. (First published in 1677). Retrieved August 08, 2020 from https://www.theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/RACINE_PHEDRE.pdf. google scholar
  • Sanders, J. (2006). Appropriation and Adaptation. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Sarna, N. M. (1989). Genesis: the JPS Torah Commentary. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society. google scholar
  • Seneca, L. A. (1907). Hippolytus or Phaedra. (F. J. Miller, Trans.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Original work dates back to 50 CE). google scholar
  • Tale of Two Brothers. Retrieved March 31, 2020, from Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/ taletwobrothers00moldgoog/page/n104/mode/2up . google scholar
  • Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York and London: The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • The Guardian. (1 April 2000). Man of Mysteries. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from https://www.theguardian. com/books/2000/apr/01/poetry.theatre. google scholar
  • The National Theatre Archive. Phaedra Britannica. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from http://catalogue. google scholar
  • nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=322. google scholar
  • The National Theatre Archive. The Misanthrope. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from http://catalogue. nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=302. google scholar
  • Wertenbaker, T. (1989). The Love of the Nightingale. London: Faber and Faber. google scholar
  • Winston, J. (1995). Re-Casting the Phaedra Syndrome: Myth and Morality in Timberlake Wertenbaker’s The Love of the Nightingale. Modern Drama, 38, 510-519. https://doi.org/10.3138/md.38.4.510. google scholar

Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 85 - 104, 23.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2021-895098

Öz

This essay sets out to discuss Tony Harrison’s play Phaedra Britannica (1975) by drawing primarily on Linda Hutcheon’s views as expressed in her theory of adaptation and Harrison’s own insights into adaptation. In this discussion, Phaedra Britannica as an adaptation of Jean Racine’s Phèdre (1677), is understood as the outcome of an evolutionary process which started with ancient cultures and, at the same time, as an autonomous work. In order to make the story of Phaedra relevant for contemporary audiences, Harrison sets his play in a colonial context, during the British occupation of India. This essay addresses the adaptation of the play through the moral conflict associated with the story of Phaedra, a woman in love with her stepson Hippolytus, with a focus on shame and guilt. Throughout the centuries, these moral concepts have played a significant role in the story. The culture in Racine’s Phèdre has been described as one dominated by guilt, but in Harrison’s play a return to the shame culture depicted in Hippolytus by Euripides can be observed. Unlike Euripides, who is ambiguous about the role of gods, goddesses and fate, Harrison makes it clear that the characters’ attempts at assigning blame to other people or to the gods of the colonised territory is simply their way of deflecting responsibility for the tragic events.

Kaynakça

  • Agard, W. R. (1933). Fate and Freedom in Greek Tragedy. The Classical Journal, 29(2), 117-126. google scholar
  • Benedict, R. (1934). Anthropology and the Abnormal. Journal of General Psychology, 10. google scholar
  • Benedict, R. (1947). The chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. London: Secker & Warburg. google scholar
  • Brandt, G. (2001). Lust in Action: The Faces of Phaedra. C. A. Mayer Memorial Lecture. google scholar
  • Calcamp, K. (2016). Reflections of Hippolytus: An Examination of Sexuality through Adaptation. Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, 31(1), 109-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2016.0024. google scholar
  • Corrigan, T. (2017). Defining Adaptation. In T. Leitch (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Euripides. (2009). Hippolytus. (T. Wertenbaker, Trans.). London: Faber and Faber. (Original work dates back to 428 BC) google scholar
  • Gerard, A. S. (1993). The Phaedra syndrome: Of shame and guilt in drama. Amsterdam-Atlanta: Rodopi. google scholar
  • Hard, R. (2004). The Routledge handbook of Greek mythology. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Harrison, T. (2002). Phaedra Britannica. London: Faber and Faber. (First performed in 1975). Retrieved March 02, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780571285983.00000011. google scholar
  • Homer. (1725). The Odyssey. (A. Pope, Trans.). (Original work dates back to the 8th century BC) Retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3160/3160-0.txt. google scholar
  • Huk, R. (1993). Postmodern Classics: The Verse Drama of Tony Harrison. In J. Acheson (Ed.), British and Irish Drama since 1960s. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Hutcheon, L. (2006). A theory ofAdaptation. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Kovacs, D. (1980). Shame, Pleasure, and Honor in Phaedra’s Great Speech (Euripides, Hippolytus 375-87). The American Journal of Philology, 101(3), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/294268. google scholar
  • Marshall, H. (2009). The Hughes Version: Commercial Considerations and Dramatic Imagination. In R. Rees (Ed.), Ted Hughes and the Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Messer, A. A. (1969). The Phaedra complex. Archives of general psychiatry, 21(2), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archpsyc.1969.01740200085012. google scholar
  • O’Hear, A. (1976). Guilt and shame as moral concepts. In Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Vol. 77, pp. 7386). Aristotelian Society, Wiley. google scholar
  • Ploix, C. (2018). Reterritorialization and aesthetic transformations: the case of Tony Harrison’s Phaedra Britannica and The Misanthrope. Perspectives, 26(4), 478-494. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1467472. google scholar
  • Poore, B. (2012). Heritage, Nostalgia and Modern British Theatre. Staging the Victorians. London: Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Racine, J. (2001). Phedra. (J. Rose, Trans.). London: Nick Hern Books. (Originally published in 1677). google scholar
  • Racine, J. (2015). Phedre. (First published in 1677). Retrieved August 08, 2020 from https://www.theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/RACINE_PHEDRE.pdf. google scholar
  • Sanders, J. (2006). Appropriation and Adaptation. London and New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Sarna, N. M. (1989). Genesis: the JPS Torah Commentary. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society. google scholar
  • Seneca, L. A. (1907). Hippolytus or Phaedra. (F. J. Miller, Trans.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Original work dates back to 50 CE). google scholar
  • Tale of Two Brothers. Retrieved March 31, 2020, from Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/ taletwobrothers00moldgoog/page/n104/mode/2up . google scholar
  • Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York and London: The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • The Guardian. (1 April 2000). Man of Mysteries. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from https://www.theguardian. com/books/2000/apr/01/poetry.theatre. google scholar
  • The National Theatre Archive. Phaedra Britannica. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from http://catalogue. google scholar
  • nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=322. google scholar
  • The National Theatre Archive. The Misanthrope. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from http://catalogue. nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=302. google scholar
  • Wertenbaker, T. (1989). The Love of the Nightingale. London: Faber and Faber. google scholar
  • Winston, J. (1995). Re-Casting the Phaedra Syndrome: Myth and Morality in Timberlake Wertenbaker’s The Love of the Nightingale. Modern Drama, 38, 510-519. https://doi.org/10.3138/md.38.4.510. google scholar
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sanat ve Edebiyat
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Florentina Gümüş 0000-0002-3327-0221

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gümüş, F. (2022). Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 32(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2021-895098
AMA Gümüş F. Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica. Litera. Mayıs 2022;32(1):85-104. doi:10.26650/LITERA2021-895098
Chicago Gümüş, Florentina. “Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 32, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2022): 85-104. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2021-895098.
EndNote Gümüş F (01 Mayıs 2022) Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 32 1 85–104.
IEEE F. Gümüş, “Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica”, Litera, c. 32, sy. 1, ss. 85–104, 2022, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2021-895098.
ISNAD Gümüş, Florentina. “Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 32/1 (Mayıs 2022), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2021-895098.
JAMA Gümüş F. Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica. Litera. 2022;32:85–104.
MLA Gümüş, Florentina. “Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, c. 32, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 85-104, doi:10.26650/LITERA2021-895098.
Vancouver Gümüş F. Tony Harrison’s Adaptation of Phaedra’s Moral Conflict: Phaedra Britannica. Litera. 2022;32(1):85-104.