Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 447 - 458, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aavik, A., Aavik, T., & Körgesaar, J. (2006). Parenting practices and personal values comparisons between parents of institutionalized and non-institutionalized adolescents. TRAMES: A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 10(1), 44-56. https://doi.Org/10.3176/tr.2006.1.04 google scholar
  • Alwin, D. F., & Krosnick, J. A. (1991) Aging, cohorts, and the stability of sociopolitical orientations over the life span. American Journal ofSociology, 97(1), 169-195. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781642 google scholar
  • Bardi, A., Buchanan, K. E., Goodwin, R., Slabu, L., & Robinson, M. (2014). Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 13-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034818 google scholar
  • Begue, L., & Apostolidis, T. (2000). The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in ratings of values and pro war attitudes among French students. Psychological Reports, 86(3_part_2), 1127-1133. https:// doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1127 google scholar
  • Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. (2007). Prosocial agency: The contribution of values and self-efficacy beliefs to prosocial behavior across ages. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(2), 218-239. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.2.218 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Bardi, A., Fischer, R., Benish-Weisman, M., & Lee, J. A. (2022). Changes in personal values in pandemic times. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(2), 572-582. https:// doi.org/10.1177/19485506211024026 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Bilgin, A. S., Brezina, I., Strohmeier, C. E., & Vainre, M. (2015). Values and helping behavior: A study in four cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 50(3), 186-192. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12086 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Fortuna, K., Thrun, S. K., Cioban, S., & Knafo, A. (2013). Brief report: Early adolescents’ value development at war time. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 651-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. adolescence.2013.03.009 google scholar
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 google scholar
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The” what” and” why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_01 google scholar
  • Dinas, E. (2013). Opening “openness to change” political events and the increased sensitivity of young adults. Political Research Quarterly, 66(4), 868-882. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23612064 google scholar
  • Doran, C. J. (2009). The role of personal values in fair trade consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(4), 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9724-1 google scholar
  • Fritzsche, D. J. (1995). Personal values: Potential keys to ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(11), 909-922. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25072711 google scholar
  • Fritzsche, D., & Oz, E. (2007). Personal values’ influence on the ethical dimension of decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(4), 335-343. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25123999 google scholar
  • Gao, E., Zuo, X., Wang, L., Lou, C., Cheng, Y., & Zabin, L. S. (2012). How does traditional Confucian culture influence adolescents’ sexual behavior in three Asian cities? Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(3), S12-S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.002 google scholar
  • Gaunt, R. (2005). The role of value priorities in paternal and maternal involvement in child care. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 643-655. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3600194 google scholar
  • Goodwin, R., Polek, E., & Bardi, A. (2012). The temporal reciprocity of values and beliefs: A longitudinal study within a major life transition. European Journal of Personality, 26(3), 360-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.844 google scholar
  • Goodwin, R., Realo, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Kozlova, A., Luu, L. A. N., & Nizharadze, G. (2002). Values and sexual behaviour in central and eastern Europe. Journal of Health Psychology, 7(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105302007001651 google scholar
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0146167296223006 google scholar
  • Katz-Wise, S. L., Priess, H. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0017820 google scholar
  • Kinnier, R. T., Tribbensee, N. E., Rose, C. A., & Vaughan, S. M. (2001). In the final analysis: More wisdom from people who have faced death. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(2), 171177. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01957.x google scholar
  • Krosnick, J. A., & Alwin, D. F. (1989). Aging and susceptibility to attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 416-425. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.416 google scholar
  • Lee, J. A., Sneddon, J. N., Daly, T. M., Schwartz, S. H., Soutar, G. N., & Louviere, J. J. (2019). Testing and extending Schwartz refined value theory using a best-worst scaling approach. Assessment, 26(2), 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116683799 google scholar
  • Lee, P. Y., Lusk, K., Mirosa, M., & Oey, I. (2014). The role of personal values in Chinese consumers’ food consumption decisions. A case study of healthy drinks. Appetite, 73, 95-104. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.001 google scholar
  • Murphy, E. F., Gordon, J. D., & Mullen, A. (2004). A preliminary study exploring the value changes taking place in the United States since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1), 81-96. https://doi. org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000020879.93654.86 google scholar
  • Murphy, E. F., Woodhull, M. D., Post, B., Murphy-Post, C., Teeple, W., & Anderson, K. A. (2006). 9/11 impact on teenage values. Journal of Business Ethics, 69(4), 399-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-006-9098-1 google scholar
  • Nishio, C., Ishida, M., & Takeuchi, T. (2014). The impact of natural disasters on the values and lifestyles of consumers: In the case of the Tohoku Earthquake. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 24(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.881114 google scholar
  • Noyes Jr, R. (1980). Attitude change following near-death experiences. Psychiatry, 43(3), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1980.11024070 google scholar
  • Oishi, S., Yagi, A., Komiya, A., Kohlbacher, F., Kusumi, T., & Ishii, K. (2017). Does a major earthquake change job preferences and human values? European Journal of Personality, 31(3), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2102 google scholar
  • Piurko, Y., Schwartz, S. H., & Davidov, E. (2011). Basic personal values and the meaning of left-right political orientations in 20 countries. Political Psychology, 32(4), 537-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x google scholar
  • Priest, R., Fullerton, T., & Bridges, C. (1982). Personality and value changes in West Point cadets. Armed Forces & Society, 8(4), 629-642. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45346281 google scholar
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ ceps.1999.1020 google scholar
  • Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7-26). The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • Schuster, C., Pinkowski, L., & Fischer, D. (2019). Intra-individual value change in adulthood: A systematic literature review of longitudinal studies assessing Schwartz’s value orientations. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 227(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000355 google scholar
  • Sneddon, J., Daniel, E., Fischer, R., & Lee, J. A. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental values. Sustainability Science, 17(5), 2155-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w google scholar
  • Sonmez, F. (2022). How thoughts of death and intrinsic/extrinsic goal orientation affect well-being during the pandemic. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(1), 292-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/ joca.12411 google scholar
  • Sonmez, F. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Aspiration Index and the relationship between aspirations and subjective well-being. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 8(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2023.131527 google scholar
  • Sutherland, C. (1990). Changes in religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices following near-death experiences: An Australian study. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(1), 21-31. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF01074098 google scholar
  • Vail III, K. E., Horner, D. E., Waggoner, B., & Conti, J. P. (2019). Pushing up daisies: Goal orientations, death awareness, and satisfaction with life. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85, 103891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103891 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Caprara, G., Dentale, F., & Schwartz, S. H. (2013) Voting and values: Reciprocal effects over time. Political Psychology, 34(4), 465-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12011 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., Schoen, H., Cieciuch, J., Silvester, J., & Alessandri, G. (2015). Personal values and political activism: A cross-national study. British Journal of Psychology, 106(1), 84-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12067 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Davidov, E., Cieciuch, J., Alessandri, G., & Marsicano, G. (2020). Stability and change of basic personal values in early adolescence: A 2-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality, 88(3), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12502 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S., Alessandri, G., Döring, A. K., Castellani, V., & Caprara, M. G. (2016) Stability and change of basic personal values in early adulthood: An 8-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 63, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.002 google scholar
  • Zeno Group. (2020, April). An historic moment: The values shift in pandemic America. https:// instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Zeno-Group-Values-Refresh-Study_FINAL.pdf google scholar

Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 447 - 458, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067

Öz

Aimed at exploring value shifts during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper compares data from business faculty students at a public university in northwestern Turkiye on seven life values immediately before (November-December 2019) and during the early months (May-June 2020) of the pandemic. The study measured the importance individuals attached to life values using the Aspiration Index (Kasser & Ryan, 1996), which includes three intrinsic values (i.e., personal growth, meaningful relationships, and community contributions), three extrinsic values (i.e., wealth, fame, and image), and the value of physical health. The study found that both men and women decreased the importance they placed on the values of wealth and fame in the early months of the pandemic. In addition, men increased the importance they placed on community contributions. The study also explored changes in the overall means for the intrinsic and extrinsic value clusters and in the relative importance intrinsic values have to extrinsic ones. The results showed a statistically significant increase in men’s espousal of intrinsic values and a decrease in women’s espousal of extrinsic values. The change in the relative importance of intrinsic to extrinsic values was significant for both genders, suggesting that both men and women became more intrinsically oriented during the early months of the pandemic.

Kaynakça

  • Aavik, A., Aavik, T., & Körgesaar, J. (2006). Parenting practices and personal values comparisons between parents of institutionalized and non-institutionalized adolescents. TRAMES: A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 10(1), 44-56. https://doi.Org/10.3176/tr.2006.1.04 google scholar
  • Alwin, D. F., & Krosnick, J. A. (1991) Aging, cohorts, and the stability of sociopolitical orientations over the life span. American Journal ofSociology, 97(1), 169-195. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781642 google scholar
  • Bardi, A., Buchanan, K. E., Goodwin, R., Slabu, L., & Robinson, M. (2014). Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 13-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034818 google scholar
  • Begue, L., & Apostolidis, T. (2000). The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in ratings of values and pro war attitudes among French students. Psychological Reports, 86(3_part_2), 1127-1133. https:// doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1127 google scholar
  • Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. (2007). Prosocial agency: The contribution of values and self-efficacy beliefs to prosocial behavior across ages. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(2), 218-239. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.2.218 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Bardi, A., Fischer, R., Benish-Weisman, M., & Lee, J. A. (2022). Changes in personal values in pandemic times. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(2), 572-582. https:// doi.org/10.1177/19485506211024026 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Bilgin, A. S., Brezina, I., Strohmeier, C. E., & Vainre, M. (2015). Values and helping behavior: A study in four cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 50(3), 186-192. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12086 google scholar
  • Daniel, E., Fortuna, K., Thrun, S. K., Cioban, S., & Knafo, A. (2013). Brief report: Early adolescents’ value development at war time. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 651-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. adolescence.2013.03.009 google scholar
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 google scholar
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The” what” and” why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_01 google scholar
  • Dinas, E. (2013). Opening “openness to change” political events and the increased sensitivity of young adults. Political Research Quarterly, 66(4), 868-882. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23612064 google scholar
  • Doran, C. J. (2009). The role of personal values in fair trade consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(4), 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9724-1 google scholar
  • Fritzsche, D. J. (1995). Personal values: Potential keys to ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(11), 909-922. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25072711 google scholar
  • Fritzsche, D., & Oz, E. (2007). Personal values’ influence on the ethical dimension of decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(4), 335-343. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25123999 google scholar
  • Gao, E., Zuo, X., Wang, L., Lou, C., Cheng, Y., & Zabin, L. S. (2012). How does traditional Confucian culture influence adolescents’ sexual behavior in three Asian cities? Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(3), S12-S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.002 google scholar
  • Gaunt, R. (2005). The role of value priorities in paternal and maternal involvement in child care. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 643-655. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3600194 google scholar
  • Goodwin, R., Polek, E., & Bardi, A. (2012). The temporal reciprocity of values and beliefs: A longitudinal study within a major life transition. European Journal of Personality, 26(3), 360-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.844 google scholar
  • Goodwin, R., Realo, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Kozlova, A., Luu, L. A. N., & Nizharadze, G. (2002). Values and sexual behaviour in central and eastern Europe. Journal of Health Psychology, 7(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105302007001651 google scholar
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0146167296223006 google scholar
  • Katz-Wise, S. L., Priess, H. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). Gender-role attitudes and behavior across the transition to parenthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0017820 google scholar
  • Kinnier, R. T., Tribbensee, N. E., Rose, C. A., & Vaughan, S. M. (2001). In the final analysis: More wisdom from people who have faced death. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(2), 171177. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01957.x google scholar
  • Krosnick, J. A., & Alwin, D. F. (1989). Aging and susceptibility to attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 416-425. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.416 google scholar
  • Lee, J. A., Sneddon, J. N., Daly, T. M., Schwartz, S. H., Soutar, G. N., & Louviere, J. J. (2019). Testing and extending Schwartz refined value theory using a best-worst scaling approach. Assessment, 26(2), 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116683799 google scholar
  • Lee, P. Y., Lusk, K., Mirosa, M., & Oey, I. (2014). The role of personal values in Chinese consumers’ food consumption decisions. A case study of healthy drinks. Appetite, 73, 95-104. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.001 google scholar
  • Murphy, E. F., Gordon, J. D., & Mullen, A. (2004). A preliminary study exploring the value changes taking place in the United States since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1), 81-96. https://doi. org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000020879.93654.86 google scholar
  • Murphy, E. F., Woodhull, M. D., Post, B., Murphy-Post, C., Teeple, W., & Anderson, K. A. (2006). 9/11 impact on teenage values. Journal of Business Ethics, 69(4), 399-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10551-006-9098-1 google scholar
  • Nishio, C., Ishida, M., & Takeuchi, T. (2014). The impact of natural disasters on the values and lifestyles of consumers: In the case of the Tohoku Earthquake. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 24(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.881114 google scholar
  • Noyes Jr, R. (1980). Attitude change following near-death experiences. Psychiatry, 43(3), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1980.11024070 google scholar
  • Oishi, S., Yagi, A., Komiya, A., Kohlbacher, F., Kusumi, T., & Ishii, K. (2017). Does a major earthquake change job preferences and human values? European Journal of Personality, 31(3), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2102 google scholar
  • Piurko, Y., Schwartz, S. H., & Davidov, E. (2011). Basic personal values and the meaning of left-right political orientations in 20 countries. Political Psychology, 32(4), 537-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x google scholar
  • Priest, R., Fullerton, T., & Bridges, C. (1982). Personality and value changes in West Point cadets. Armed Forces & Society, 8(4), 629-642. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45346281 google scholar
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ ceps.1999.1020 google scholar
  • Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7-26). The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • Schuster, C., Pinkowski, L., & Fischer, D. (2019). Intra-individual value change in adulthood: A systematic literature review of longitudinal studies assessing Schwartz’s value orientations. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 227(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000355 google scholar
  • Sneddon, J., Daniel, E., Fischer, R., & Lee, J. A. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental values. Sustainability Science, 17(5), 2155-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w google scholar
  • Sonmez, F. (2022). How thoughts of death and intrinsic/extrinsic goal orientation affect well-being during the pandemic. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(1), 292-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/ joca.12411 google scholar
  • Sonmez, F. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Aspiration Index and the relationship between aspirations and subjective well-being. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 8(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2023.131527 google scholar
  • Sutherland, C. (1990). Changes in religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices following near-death experiences: An Australian study. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(1), 21-31. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF01074098 google scholar
  • Vail III, K. E., Horner, D. E., Waggoner, B., & Conti, J. P. (2019). Pushing up daisies: Goal orientations, death awareness, and satisfaction with life. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85, 103891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103891 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Caprara, G., Dentale, F., & Schwartz, S. H. (2013) Voting and values: Reciprocal effects over time. Political Psychology, 34(4), 465-485. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12011 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., Schoen, H., Cieciuch, J., Silvester, J., & Alessandri, G. (2015). Personal values and political activism: A cross-national study. British Journal of Psychology, 106(1), 84-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12067 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Davidov, E., Cieciuch, J., Alessandri, G., & Marsicano, G. (2020). Stability and change of basic personal values in early adolescence: A 2-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality, 88(3), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12502 google scholar
  • Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S., Alessandri, G., Döring, A. K., Castellani, V., & Caprara, M. G. (2016) Stability and change of basic personal values in early adulthood: An 8-year longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 63, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.002 google scholar
  • Zeno Group. (2020, April). An historic moment: The values shift in pandemic America. https:// instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Zeno-Group-Values-Refresh-Study_FINAL.pdf google scholar
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Fatih Sonmez 0000-0002-4054-0269

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sonmez, F. (2023). Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 43(2), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067
AMA Sonmez F. Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. Aralık 2023;43(2):447-458. doi:10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067
Chicago Sonmez, Fatih. “Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 447-58. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067.
EndNote Sonmez F (01 Aralık 2023) Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43 2 447–458.
IEEE F. Sonmez, “Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students”, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, c. 43, sy. 2, ss. 447–458, 2023, doi: 10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067.
ISNAD Sonmez, Fatih. “Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 43/2 (Aralık 2023), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067.
JAMA Sonmez F. Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2023;43:447–458.
MLA Sonmez, Fatih. “Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, c. 43, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 447-58, doi:10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0067.
Vancouver Sonmez F. Changes in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Business Faculty Students. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2023;43(2):447-58.