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Hindistan'ın Deniz Süs Kabuklarının Bir Kontrol Listesi: Dwarka ve Bet-Dwarka, Gujarat'dan Bir Vaka Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 56 - 69, 04.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1239146

Öz

Deniz kabukları ekonomik açıdan oldukça önemlidir ve tarih öncesi çağlardan beri insanlar tarafından çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Süs eşyası imalatı güney ve güneydoğu Hindistan'da asırlık bir endüstridir ve süs eşyası veya hediyelik eşya olarak yumuşakçalar hala yüksek talep görmektedir. Süs kabuklarının ticareti ve ekonomisi üzerine çok sayıda literatür olmasına rağmen, süs kabuklarının kullanımı daha az çalışılmıştır ve güney ve güneydoğu Hindistan'daki bölgelerle sınırlıdır. Süs kabukları, Dwarka, Somnath gibi kutsal yerlerde ve tüm Gujarat kıyılarında yaygın olarak ticareti yapılır ve Turbinella pyrum (chank kabuğu) dışında, Gujarat'ta süs kabukları taksonomisi, kullanımı ve ticareti hakkında hiçbir literatür yoktur. Bu, Gujarat'tan süs kabukları üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Hindistan'daki süs kabukları ile ilgili mevcut literatürü inceledik ve Hindistan'daki süs kabukları için herhangi bir kontrol listesi bulunmadığından kapsamlı bir kontrol listesi oluşturduk. Hindistan'da süs kabukları olarak toplam 136 tür kaydedildi. Bu kabuklardan 118 tür literatür taranarak listelenmiş ve ilk kez kaydedilen 18 türün yer aldığı 33 süs kabuğu çalışma alanından yerinde gözlemlerden eklenmiştir. 136 türden toplam 11 tür, 1972 yaban hayatı koruma yasası kapsamında korunmuştur. Süs türlerinin farklı kullanımları incelenmiş ve buna göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ailelere göre, katkıların çoğu Cypraeidae'den (7 tür), ardından Muricidae (3 tür), Turbinellidae (2 tür), Strombidae (2 tür) ve Cardiidae'den (2 tür) gelmektedir. Süs kabuğu ithalatının ana kaynağı, yakınlardaki gelgit bölgelerinden toplanan ve yerel satıcılar tarafından bütün deniz kabukları olarak satılan bazı hediyelik eşyalarla birlikte güney Hindistan'dan geliyordu. Süs kabuklarının yaygın ticareti nedeniyle, Hindistan'da, özellikle Gujarat'ta süs kabuklarının kullanım derecesini incelemeye ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Alagerswami, K. & Maiyappan, M., M. (1987). Prospects and Problems of Management and Development of The Marine Molluscan Resources (Other than Cephalopods) in India. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 44(1), 250-261.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (1979). Trochus and Turbo Fishery in Andamans. Seafood Export Journal, 11(1), 41-44.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (1996). Marine Molluscs and Their Conservation. Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Management.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (2008). Molluscan Resources and Management Strategies. National Seminar on Environmental Management for Sustainable Livelihood, 6-12.
  • Appukuttan, K., K., & Ramadoss, K. (2000) Edible and Ornamental Gastropod Resource. Marine Fisheries Research and Management, 525-535. Apte, D. (2012). Field Guide to The Marine Life of India. First addition.
  • Apte, P., M. (2012). The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India.
  • Arjunan, Babu., Venkatesan, V., & Rajagopal, S. (2011). Contribution to the knowledge of ornamental molluscs of Parangipettai, Southeast Coast of India. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(5), 290-296.
  • Durvey, V., S. (1975) .Commercial Marine Mollusc of India and The Need for Their Survey. Record of the Zoologycal Survey of India, (68) 421-429.
  • http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/068/01-04/0421-0429.pdf eol.org/pages/46462476
  • Gaur, A., S. (2004). A unique Late Bronze Age copper fish-hook from Bet Dwarka Island, Gujarat, west coast of India: Evidence on the advanced fishing technology in ancient India. Current Science, 86 (4), 512-514.
  • Gopalkrishnan, P. (1970). Some Observations of The Shore Ecology of The Okha Coast. Journal of Marine Biologycal Association of India, 12 (1&2), 15-34.
  • Hornell, J.(1914) . The Sacret Chank of India: A Monograph of The Indian Conch (Turbinella pyrum ). Madras Fisheries’ Bureau (7).
  • Kamboj, R., D., Joshi, D., M., & Parmar, H. (2019). Common Marine Mollusc of Gujarat. Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation.
  • Kapadia, K. (2018). Pilgrim tourism proposals in Dwarka, Gujrat, India. International research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(10), 889-892.
  • Mohamed, K., S. (2012). Marine Molluscan Diversity in India –Exploitation and Conservation Challengesin The 21th Century. Marine Biodiversity Status, opportunities and Challenges, pp. 37-64, 2012.
  • Mohamed, K.S, & Venkatesan, V. (2017) Marine Molluscan Diversity in India- Exploitation, Conservation. Summer School on Advance Methods for Fish Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management, 56-81.
  • Narasimham, K., Kripa, V, & Balan, K .(1993). Molluscan Shellfish Resource of India- An overview. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 40 (1 & 2), 112-114.
  • Natarajan, P., Ramadoss, K., Sivalingam, D., & Thillairajan, P. (1987) Ornamental Shell Industry of Ramanathpuram Coast. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 42(1), 106-110.
  • Patel, M., & Patel, H. (2019). Shell’s Field Guide. A Seashell Conchology a Samll Introduction of sea world. (E-book)
  • Pillai K., M. & Devadoss, P. (1947). On the occurance of the sacred chank, Xancus pyrum of Porto Novo. Indian Jouranal of Fisheries, 21(1), 279-281.
  • Pota K., A. & Patel, M., I. (1988). Exploitation and Marketing of Chanks from The Gulf of Kutch. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 42(2), 445-450.
  • Ramadoss, K. (2003). Gastropods, In: Status of Exploited Marine Fishery Resources of India. CMFRI, Cochin, 203-210.
  • Ravinesh, R., Kumar, B., & Samuel, V., D. (2019) .Status of Marine Mollusc in illegal wildlife trade in India. TRAFFIC Post-December 2018, 2019.
  • Sarvaiya, R., T. (1977). Studies on Mollusca of Saurashtra Coast-3 Composition. Fisheries Technology, 14 (2).
  • Shyam, S. S., Jagadis, I., Venkatesan, V., Rahman, M., R., & Nashad, M. (2017a). “Gastropod landing, utilization and trade in India: A case study from Kollam, India,” The Marine Biological Association of India, 59(1).
  • Shyam, S., S., Jagadis, I., Venkatesan, V., Kavitha, M., & Mohamed, K., S. (2017b). Ornamental gastropod shell trade in India: A macroeconomic assessment. Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series, 231.
  • Soni H., B., & Thakur, K. (2015). Preliminary Checklist of Marine Mollusks from Beyt Dwarka, Gulf of Kutch(Eco-Sensitive Zone), Gujrat, India. International Journal of Environment ,4 (2) .
  • Subba Rao, N., V. (2003). Indian seashell (part-1) Polyplacophora and Gastropoda. Records of The Zoological Survey of India, 20-34.
  • WPA (2021). The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Bill, 2021.
  • WWF (2013). Commercially Important Gastropod Shell Resource and Trade in India: Distribution, Status and Conservation Strategies,” WWF Final Report, 2013. Vanhaeren, M., & Perle`s, C. (2010) .Black Cyclope neritea Marine Shell Ornaments in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Franchthi Cave, Greece: Arguments for Intentional Heat Treatment. Journal of Field Archaeology, 35(3), 298-310.
  • Venkatesan, V. (2010). Marine Ornamental Molluscs. National Training Programme on Marine Ornamental Fish Culture-2010 at Mandapam CMFRI.

A Checklist of Marine Ornamental Molluscs of India: A Case Study from Dwarka and Bet-Dwarka, Gujarat

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 56 - 69, 04.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1239146

Öz

Marine molluscs are economically very important and they are exploited by men for various purposes since the prehistoric times. Manufacture of ornaments is an age-old industry in the south and south-east India and molluscs as an ornament or souvenir are still in high demand. Although there is plenty of literature on the trade and economy of ornamental shells, exploitation of ornamental molluscs is less studied and limited to regions in the south and south-east India. The ornamental molluscs is widely traded in pilgrims places like Dwarka, Somnath and all along the coast of Gujarat, and with the exception of Turbinella pyrum (the chank shell), there is no literature available on ornamental mollusc taxonomy, utilization and trade in Gujarat. This is the first study on ornamental molluscs from Gujarat. We have reviewed the available literature on ornamental molluscs of India and established a comprehensive checklist as there is no checklist available for ornamental molluscs of India. A total 136 species were recorded as ornamental molluscs in India. Of these shells, 118 species were listed by reviewing the literature and 33 ornamental molluscs were added from on-site observations in which 18 species were recorded for the first time from the study area. A total of 11 species among the 136 species were protected under wildlife protection act 1972. Different use of ornamental species was studied and classified accordingly. With respect to families, the majority of contributions were from Cypraeidae (7 species) followed by Muricidae (3 species), Turbinellidae (2 species), Strombidae (2 species) and Cardiidae (2 species). The major source of ornamental imports was from south India with some souvenirs collected from nearby intertidal areas and sold by local vendors as whole shells. Due to the extensive trade of ornamental shells, there is a need to study the degree of exploitation of ornamental molluscs in India, particularly in Gujarat.

Kaynakça

  • Alagerswami, K. & Maiyappan, M., M. (1987). Prospects and Problems of Management and Development of The Marine Molluscan Resources (Other than Cephalopods) in India. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 44(1), 250-261.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (1979). Trochus and Turbo Fishery in Andamans. Seafood Export Journal, 11(1), 41-44.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (1996). Marine Molluscs and Their Conservation. Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Management.
  • Appukuttan, K., K. (2008). Molluscan Resources and Management Strategies. National Seminar on Environmental Management for Sustainable Livelihood, 6-12.
  • Appukuttan, K., K., & Ramadoss, K. (2000) Edible and Ornamental Gastropod Resource. Marine Fisheries Research and Management, 525-535. Apte, D. (2012). Field Guide to The Marine Life of India. First addition.
  • Apte, P., M. (2012). The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India.
  • Arjunan, Babu., Venkatesan, V., & Rajagopal, S. (2011). Contribution to the knowledge of ornamental molluscs of Parangipettai, Southeast Coast of India. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(5), 290-296.
  • Durvey, V., S. (1975) .Commercial Marine Mollusc of India and The Need for Their Survey. Record of the Zoologycal Survey of India, (68) 421-429.
  • http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/records/068/01-04/0421-0429.pdf eol.org/pages/46462476
  • Gaur, A., S. (2004). A unique Late Bronze Age copper fish-hook from Bet Dwarka Island, Gujarat, west coast of India: Evidence on the advanced fishing technology in ancient India. Current Science, 86 (4), 512-514.
  • Gopalkrishnan, P. (1970). Some Observations of The Shore Ecology of The Okha Coast. Journal of Marine Biologycal Association of India, 12 (1&2), 15-34.
  • Hornell, J.(1914) . The Sacret Chank of India: A Monograph of The Indian Conch (Turbinella pyrum ). Madras Fisheries’ Bureau (7).
  • Kamboj, R., D., Joshi, D., M., & Parmar, H. (2019). Common Marine Mollusc of Gujarat. Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation.
  • Kapadia, K. (2018). Pilgrim tourism proposals in Dwarka, Gujrat, India. International research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(10), 889-892.
  • Mohamed, K., S. (2012). Marine Molluscan Diversity in India –Exploitation and Conservation Challengesin The 21th Century. Marine Biodiversity Status, opportunities and Challenges, pp. 37-64, 2012.
  • Mohamed, K.S, & Venkatesan, V. (2017) Marine Molluscan Diversity in India- Exploitation, Conservation. Summer School on Advance Methods for Fish Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management, 56-81.
  • Narasimham, K., Kripa, V, & Balan, K .(1993). Molluscan Shellfish Resource of India- An overview. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 40 (1 & 2), 112-114.
  • Natarajan, P., Ramadoss, K., Sivalingam, D., & Thillairajan, P. (1987) Ornamental Shell Industry of Ramanathpuram Coast. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 42(1), 106-110.
  • Patel, M., & Patel, H. (2019). Shell’s Field Guide. A Seashell Conchology a Samll Introduction of sea world. (E-book)
  • Pillai K., M. & Devadoss, P. (1947). On the occurance of the sacred chank, Xancus pyrum of Porto Novo. Indian Jouranal of Fisheries, 21(1), 279-281.
  • Pota K., A. & Patel, M., I. (1988). Exploitation and Marketing of Chanks from The Gulf of Kutch. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 42(2), 445-450.
  • Ramadoss, K. (2003). Gastropods, In: Status of Exploited Marine Fishery Resources of India. CMFRI, Cochin, 203-210.
  • Ravinesh, R., Kumar, B., & Samuel, V., D. (2019) .Status of Marine Mollusc in illegal wildlife trade in India. TRAFFIC Post-December 2018, 2019.
  • Sarvaiya, R., T. (1977). Studies on Mollusca of Saurashtra Coast-3 Composition. Fisheries Technology, 14 (2).
  • Shyam, S. S., Jagadis, I., Venkatesan, V., Rahman, M., R., & Nashad, M. (2017a). “Gastropod landing, utilization and trade in India: A case study from Kollam, India,” The Marine Biological Association of India, 59(1).
  • Shyam, S., S., Jagadis, I., Venkatesan, V., Kavitha, M., & Mohamed, K., S. (2017b). Ornamental gastropod shell trade in India: A macroeconomic assessment. Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series, 231.
  • Soni H., B., & Thakur, K. (2015). Preliminary Checklist of Marine Mollusks from Beyt Dwarka, Gulf of Kutch(Eco-Sensitive Zone), Gujrat, India. International Journal of Environment ,4 (2) .
  • Subba Rao, N., V. (2003). Indian seashell (part-1) Polyplacophora and Gastropoda. Records of The Zoological Survey of India, 20-34.
  • WPA (2021). The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Bill, 2021.
  • WWF (2013). Commercially Important Gastropod Shell Resource and Trade in India: Distribution, Status and Conservation Strategies,” WWF Final Report, 2013. Vanhaeren, M., & Perle`s, C. (2010) .Black Cyclope neritea Marine Shell Ornaments in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Franchthi Cave, Greece: Arguments for Intentional Heat Treatment. Journal of Field Archaeology, 35(3), 298-310.
  • Venkatesan, V. (2010). Marine Ornamental Molluscs. National Training Programme on Marine Ornamental Fish Culture-2010 at Mandapam CMFRI.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mayurdan Gadhavi 0000-0002-0899-8333

Zahra Makda Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4611-7282

Dudhagara Darshita Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2402-4416

Shiyani Jenisha Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7867-0571

Shabanam Saiyad Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9982-3976

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gadhavi, M., Makda, Z., Darshita, D., Jenisha, S., vd. (2023). A Checklist of Marine Ornamental Molluscs of India: A Case Study from Dwarka and Bet-Dwarka, Gujarat. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 6(1), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1239146