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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 62 - 67, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1408423

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ali, M., Chand, N., Khan, R.U., Naz, S., Gul, S. 2019. Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47, 79–84. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731
  • AOAC International, 1995. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 2 vols. 16th edition. Arlington, VA, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
  • Baghban-Kanani, P., Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad, B., Azimi-Youvalari, S., Seidavi, A., Ragni, M., Laudadio, V., Tufarelli, V. 2019. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science, 56(2), 120–127. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0180050.
  • Balami, A. G., Ndahi, J. J., Gadzama, J. J., Enam, S. J., Chiroma, M. A., Abdu, P. A., Wakawa, A. M., Aluwong, T., Oladele, S. B., 2018. Effect of Moringa oleifera feed supplementation on the serum biochemical profile of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus, Journal of Advance Veterinary Animal Research, 5 (2), 155-165
  • Banjo, O. S. 2012. Growth and performance as affected by inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in broiler chicks’ diet. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2, 35-38.
  • David, A. M., Upenyu, M., Victor, M., Arno, H. 2016. The effects of Lippia javanica dietary inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 2 (3), 160-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.05.003
  • Demirel, G., Pekel, A. Y., Alp, M., Kocabağlı, N. 2012. Effects of dietary supplementation of citric acid, copper, and microbial phytase on growth performance and mineral retention in broiler chickens fed a low available phosphorus diet. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21 (2), 335-347, https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00416
  • Durrani, F. R., Chand, N., Jan, M., Sultan, A., Durrani, Z., Akhtar, S. 2008. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves infusion in broiler chicks. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 24(4), 655-659.
  • El-Hack, A. A., Mohamed, E., Alagawany, M., Shaheen, H., Samak, D., Othman, S. I., Allam, A., Taha, A., Khafaga, A. F. Osman, A. 2020. Ginger and its derivatives as promising alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed. Animals, 10, 452.
  • Ghalamkari, G. H., Toghyani, M. L., Tavalaeian, E. 2012. Investigation the effects using different levels of Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter on performance, carcass traits and immune responses in broiler chickens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2, 1396-1399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60424-9
  • Hassan, H. M. A., El-Moniary, M. M., Hamouda, Y., El-Daly, F. E., Youssef, W. A., Abd El-Azeem, A. N. 2016. Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on productive performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11, 60–66. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2016.60.66
  • Hussein, H. H., Jaffer, M. J. 2019. The influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal and their aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts on growth performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens, Plant Archives, 19 (2), 1841-1848
  • Hekmat, S., Morgan, K., Soltani, M., Gough, R. 2015. Sensory evaluation of locally-grown fruit purees and inulin fiber on probiotic yogurt in mwanza, Tanzania and the microbial analysis of probiotic yogurt fortified with Moringa oleifera. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 33, 60
  • Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M. A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M. E., Ahmed, S. 2008. Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poultry Science, 87, 468–474
  • Khan, R.U., Durrani, F.R., Chand, N., Anwar, H. 2010. Influence of Feed Supplementation with Cannabis Sativa on Quality of Broilers Carcass. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30(1), 34–38.
  • Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Nikousefat, Z., Tufarelli, V., Javdani, M., Qureshi, M. S., Laudadio, V. 2012. Potential applications of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in poultry diet. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 68(2), 245–252. doi: 10.1017/S004393391200030X
  • Khan, S. H., Iqbal, J. 2016. Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44, 359-369
  • Kostadinović, L. J., lević, J., Popović, S., Cabarkapa, I., Puvača, N., Đuragić, O., Kormanjoš, Š. 2015. Dietary inclusion of Artemisia absinthium for management of growth performance, antioxidative status and quality of poultry meat. European Poultry Science, 79, 1-10. DOI: 10.1399/eps.2015.75
  • Laudadio, V., Tufarelli, V. 2011. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds as an alternative dietary protein source for broilers: Influence on fatty acid composition, lipid and protein oxidation of dark and white meats. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 88, 967-973.
  • Luqman, S., Srivastava, S., Kumar, R., Maurya, A. K., Chanda, D. 2012. Experimental assessment of Moringa oleifera leaf and fruit for its antistress, antioxidant, and scavenging potential using in vitro and in vivo assays. Evidence Based Complement Alternat Medicine 2012, 1–12.
  • Magdalena, K, Monika, C., Paulius, M., Anna, S., Paweł, J., Katarzyna, O. 2021. The Effect of Administration of a Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil and Citric Acid on the Metabolism, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Animals, 11(2), 399, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020399
  • Mandal, A. B., Biswas, A., Yadav, A. S., Biswas, A. K. 2014. Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaves powder on growth performance, blood chemistry, meat quality and gut microflora of broiler chicks. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 14 (2), 349-357
  • McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, F. D., Morgan, C. A. 1995. Animal Nutrition, 5th edition. Longman, Singapore
  • Moyo, B., Masika, P. J., Hugo, A., Muchenj, V. 2011. Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 12925–12933. Naji, T. A., Amadou, I., Abbas, S,. Zhao, R. Y., Shi, Y. H., Le, G. W. 2013. Phytosterol supplementation improves antioxidant enzymes status and broiler meat quality. Pakistan Journal of Food Science, 23, 163–171.
  • NRC, 1994. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA
  • Ognik, K., Konieczka, P., Stępniowska, A., Jankowski, J. 2020. Oxidative and epigenetic changes and gut permeability response in early-treated chickens with antibiotic or probiotic. Animals, 10, 2204.
  • Oh, P. S., Min, R. C., Sung, P. B., Jong, H. 2013. The meat quality and growth performance in broiler chickens fed diet with cinnamon powder. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 127–133.
  • Osama, A. F., Wahab, A., Hassan, S. M., Azza, B. M. M., Abdallah, G. A. 2020. Effect of Moringa oleifera seeds powder on performance and immunity of broiler chicks, AIMS Agriculture and Food, 5 (4), 896-910
  • Prasannabalaji, N., Muralitharan, G., Sivanandan, R. N., Kumaran, S., Pugazhvendan, S. R. 2012. Antibacterial activities of some Indian traditional plant extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2, 291-295.
  • Puvača, N., Stanaćev, V. 2011. Selenium in poultry nutrition and its effect on meat quality. World's Poultry Science Journal, 67, 479-484.
  • Ramadan, M. F. 2007. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): An overview. International Journal of food Science and Technology, 42(10), 1208–1218.
  • Sabour, S., Tabeidian, S. A., Sadeghi, G. 2019. Dietary organic acid and fiber sources affect performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. Animal Nutrition, 5, 156-162.
  • Sirvydis, V., Bobinienė, R., Gudavičiūtė, D., Čepulienė, R., Semaška, V., Vencius, D., Kepalienė, I. 2006. Influence of a prebiotic feed additive on some biochemical indices of blood and intestinal micro biota of broiler chickens. Žemės Ūkio Mokslai, 4, 57–62.
  • Tashla, T., Puvača, N., Ljubojević, P. D., Prodanović, R., Ignjatijević, S., Bošković, J., Lević, J. 2019. Dietary medicinal plants enhance the chemical composition and quality of broiler chicken meat. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medicine Society, 70, 1823–1832.
  • Teye, G. A., Baffoe, F., Teye, M. 2013. Effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder and dawa dawa (Parkia biglobosa), on sensory characteristics and nutritional quality of frankfurter-type sausages: Apre- liminary study. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2, 29033.
  • Verma, A. R., Vijayakumar, M., Mathela, C. S., Rao, C. V. 2009. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (9), 2196-2201
  • Young, J. F., Stasted, J., Jensen, S. K., Karlsson, A. H., Henckel, P. 2003. Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poultry Science, 82, 1343-1351.

Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 62 - 67, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1408423

Öz

A total of 120-day old straight run broiler chicks (cobb 500) were randomly assigned into four groups having three replications in each. In control group (To) only mash feed (ME- 3028 kcal/kg, CP- 22.72%) was supplied and in other groups (TN, TM, TC), control + 1% dried Neem leaf powder, Control + 1% dried Moringa leaf powder and control + 1% Citric acid were supplied respectively. The entire period for feeding trial was 28 days. At last day of the feeding trial blood and meat samples were collected. The body weight gain of broilers was observed as the highest in Tc group (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Metabolizable energy (ME) intake per gram gain (4.63) was lower (p < 0.05) in TM than the other groups of birds. Energy efficiency ratio in TM and protein efficiency ratio in TN was higher (p < 0.05) than other groups of birds. CP content was high (p < 0.05) in TN. Drip loss and cooking loss was lower (p < 0.05) in TM than other groups. Based on the findings of the present experiment, it could be concluded that, supplementation of dried Moringa leaf powder has stimulating effect on nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of broiler and useful phytobiotics for safe and high-quality broiler meat production.

Kaynakça

  • Ali, M., Chand, N., Khan, R.U., Naz, S., Gul, S. 2019. Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47, 79–84. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731
  • AOAC International, 1995. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 2 vols. 16th edition. Arlington, VA, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
  • Baghban-Kanani, P., Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad, B., Azimi-Youvalari, S., Seidavi, A., Ragni, M., Laudadio, V., Tufarelli, V. 2019. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science, 56(2), 120–127. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0180050.
  • Balami, A. G., Ndahi, J. J., Gadzama, J. J., Enam, S. J., Chiroma, M. A., Abdu, P. A., Wakawa, A. M., Aluwong, T., Oladele, S. B., 2018. Effect of Moringa oleifera feed supplementation on the serum biochemical profile of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus, Journal of Advance Veterinary Animal Research, 5 (2), 155-165
  • Banjo, O. S. 2012. Growth and performance as affected by inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in broiler chicks’ diet. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2, 35-38.
  • David, A. M., Upenyu, M., Victor, M., Arno, H. 2016. The effects of Lippia javanica dietary inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 2 (3), 160-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.05.003
  • Demirel, G., Pekel, A. Y., Alp, M., Kocabağlı, N. 2012. Effects of dietary supplementation of citric acid, copper, and microbial phytase on growth performance and mineral retention in broiler chickens fed a low available phosphorus diet. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21 (2), 335-347, https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00416
  • Durrani, F. R., Chand, N., Jan, M., Sultan, A., Durrani, Z., Akhtar, S. 2008. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves infusion in broiler chicks. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 24(4), 655-659.
  • El-Hack, A. A., Mohamed, E., Alagawany, M., Shaheen, H., Samak, D., Othman, S. I., Allam, A., Taha, A., Khafaga, A. F. Osman, A. 2020. Ginger and its derivatives as promising alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed. Animals, 10, 452.
  • Ghalamkari, G. H., Toghyani, M. L., Tavalaeian, E. 2012. Investigation the effects using different levels of Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter on performance, carcass traits and immune responses in broiler chickens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2, 1396-1399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60424-9
  • Hassan, H. M. A., El-Moniary, M. M., Hamouda, Y., El-Daly, F. E., Youssef, W. A., Abd El-Azeem, A. N. 2016. Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on productive performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11, 60–66. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2016.60.66
  • Hussein, H. H., Jaffer, M. J. 2019. The influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal and their aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts on growth performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens, Plant Archives, 19 (2), 1841-1848
  • Hekmat, S., Morgan, K., Soltani, M., Gough, R. 2015. Sensory evaluation of locally-grown fruit purees and inulin fiber on probiotic yogurt in mwanza, Tanzania and the microbial analysis of probiotic yogurt fortified with Moringa oleifera. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 33, 60
  • Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M. A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M. E., Ahmed, S. 2008. Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poultry Science, 87, 468–474
  • Khan, R.U., Durrani, F.R., Chand, N., Anwar, H. 2010. Influence of Feed Supplementation with Cannabis Sativa on Quality of Broilers Carcass. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30(1), 34–38.
  • Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Nikousefat, Z., Tufarelli, V., Javdani, M., Qureshi, M. S., Laudadio, V. 2012. Potential applications of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in poultry diet. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 68(2), 245–252. doi: 10.1017/S004393391200030X
  • Khan, S. H., Iqbal, J. 2016. Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44, 359-369
  • Kostadinović, L. J., lević, J., Popović, S., Cabarkapa, I., Puvača, N., Đuragić, O., Kormanjoš, Š. 2015. Dietary inclusion of Artemisia absinthium for management of growth performance, antioxidative status and quality of poultry meat. European Poultry Science, 79, 1-10. DOI: 10.1399/eps.2015.75
  • Laudadio, V., Tufarelli, V. 2011. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds as an alternative dietary protein source for broilers: Influence on fatty acid composition, lipid and protein oxidation of dark and white meats. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 88, 967-973.
  • Luqman, S., Srivastava, S., Kumar, R., Maurya, A. K., Chanda, D. 2012. Experimental assessment of Moringa oleifera leaf and fruit for its antistress, antioxidant, and scavenging potential using in vitro and in vivo assays. Evidence Based Complement Alternat Medicine 2012, 1–12.
  • Magdalena, K, Monika, C., Paulius, M., Anna, S., Paweł, J., Katarzyna, O. 2021. The Effect of Administration of a Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil and Citric Acid on the Metabolism, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens, Animals, 11(2), 399, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020399
  • Mandal, A. B., Biswas, A., Yadav, A. S., Biswas, A. K. 2014. Effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaves powder on growth performance, blood chemistry, meat quality and gut microflora of broiler chicks. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 14 (2), 349-357
  • McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, F. D., Morgan, C. A. 1995. Animal Nutrition, 5th edition. Longman, Singapore
  • Moyo, B., Masika, P. J., Hugo, A., Muchenj, V. 2011. Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 12925–12933. Naji, T. A., Amadou, I., Abbas, S,. Zhao, R. Y., Shi, Y. H., Le, G. W. 2013. Phytosterol supplementation improves antioxidant enzymes status and broiler meat quality. Pakistan Journal of Food Science, 23, 163–171.
  • NRC, 1994. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA
  • Ognik, K., Konieczka, P., Stępniowska, A., Jankowski, J. 2020. Oxidative and epigenetic changes and gut permeability response in early-treated chickens with antibiotic or probiotic. Animals, 10, 2204.
  • Oh, P. S., Min, R. C., Sung, P. B., Jong, H. 2013. The meat quality and growth performance in broiler chickens fed diet with cinnamon powder. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 127–133.
  • Osama, A. F., Wahab, A., Hassan, S. M., Azza, B. M. M., Abdallah, G. A. 2020. Effect of Moringa oleifera seeds powder on performance and immunity of broiler chicks, AIMS Agriculture and Food, 5 (4), 896-910
  • Prasannabalaji, N., Muralitharan, G., Sivanandan, R. N., Kumaran, S., Pugazhvendan, S. R. 2012. Antibacterial activities of some Indian traditional plant extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2, 291-295.
  • Puvača, N., Stanaćev, V. 2011. Selenium in poultry nutrition and its effect on meat quality. World's Poultry Science Journal, 67, 479-484.
  • Ramadan, M. F. 2007. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): An overview. International Journal of food Science and Technology, 42(10), 1208–1218.
  • Sabour, S., Tabeidian, S. A., Sadeghi, G. 2019. Dietary organic acid and fiber sources affect performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. Animal Nutrition, 5, 156-162.
  • Sirvydis, V., Bobinienė, R., Gudavičiūtė, D., Čepulienė, R., Semaška, V., Vencius, D., Kepalienė, I. 2006. Influence of a prebiotic feed additive on some biochemical indices of blood and intestinal micro biota of broiler chickens. Žemės Ūkio Mokslai, 4, 57–62.
  • Tashla, T., Puvača, N., Ljubojević, P. D., Prodanović, R., Ignjatijević, S., Bošković, J., Lević, J. 2019. Dietary medicinal plants enhance the chemical composition and quality of broiler chicken meat. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medicine Society, 70, 1823–1832.
  • Teye, G. A., Baffoe, F., Teye, M. 2013. Effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder and dawa dawa (Parkia biglobosa), on sensory characteristics and nutritional quality of frankfurter-type sausages: Apre- liminary study. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2, 29033.
  • Verma, A. R., Vijayakumar, M., Mathela, C. S., Rao, C. V. 2009. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (9), 2196-2201
  • Young, J. F., Stasted, J., Jensen, S. K., Karlsson, A. H., Henckel, P. 2003. Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poultry Science, 82, 1343-1351.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kanatlı Hayvan Yetiştirme ve Islahı
Bölüm 20(2)
Yazarlar

Shuvo A A S 0000-0002-4856-2913

Atiar Md Rahman Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3382-3981

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA A A S, S., & Rahman, A. M. (2023). Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler. Journal of Poultry Research, 20(2), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1408423
AMA A A S S, Rahman AM. Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler. JPS. Aralık 2023;20(2):62-67. doi:10.34233/jpr.1408423
Chicago A A S, Shuvo, ve Atiar Md Rahman. “Influence of Phytobiotics and Organic Acid on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler”. Journal of Poultry Research 20, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1408423.
EndNote A A S S, Rahman AM (01 Aralık 2023) Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler. Journal of Poultry Research 20 2 62–67.
IEEE S. A A S ve A. M. Rahman, “Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler”, JPS, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 62–67, 2023, doi: 10.34233/jpr.1408423.
ISNAD A A S, Shuvo - Rahman, Atiar Md. “Influence of Phytobiotics and Organic Acid on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler”. Journal of Poultry Research 20/2 (Aralık 2023), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.1408423.
JAMA A A S S, Rahman AM. Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler. JPS. 2023;20:62–67.
MLA A A S, Shuvo ve Atiar Md Rahman. “Influence of Phytobiotics and Organic Acid on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler”. Journal of Poultry Research, c. 20, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 62-67, doi:10.34233/jpr.1408423.
Vancouver A A S S, Rahman AM. Influence of phytobiotics and organic acid on nutrient utilization efficiency and carcass characteristics of broiler. JPS. 2023;20(2):62-7.

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