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YAPILARDA FARKLI KOTLARDAKİ ENERJİ TÜKETİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ VE ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: BALIKESİR ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 38 - 63, 29.12.2023

Öz

Her geçen gün nüfus arttıkça ve teknoloji geliştikçe enerjiye olan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. İnsanların enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla çoğunlukla doğal kaynaklar kullanılmakta olup zamanla özellikle yenilenemeyen kaynakların tükenmesine yol açmaktadır. Günlük hayatta birçok eylemin içerisinde gerçekleştirildiği yapılar enerji tüketiminde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yapıların iç mekanlarında eylemler gerçekleştirilirken kullanıcıların belirli başlı yapı fizik koşullarını sağlaması gerekmekte olup bu koşullardan birisi de ısıl performanstır. Yapının iç mekanında ısıl konfor koşullarının sağlanabilmesi için iç mekanda yaz dönemlerinde soğutma, kış dönemlerinde ise ısıtma yapmak gerekmektedir. Tasarım aşamasında alınacak kararlar ısıtma-soğutma için gerekli enerji tüketimini etkilemektedir. Bina kabuğunun ısı yalıtım durumu, hava kaçakları da enerji tüketimini etkileyen parametrelerdir. Dış duvar örgüsünde kullanılan malzeme, ısı yalıtım uygulaması, pencere/duvar oranı gibi etmenler iç mekana ısının alınmasını ve mevcut ısının korunmasını etkilediğinden dolayı yapı kullanıcıları için en uygun iç mekan ısıl konforunun sağlanması için gerekli enerji miktarı üzerinde önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca söz konusu iç mekan ısıl konforu olduğunda ele alınan mekanın kaçıncı katta bulunduğu, altındaki veya üzerindeki kattaki aktivitenin etkisinin önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Mekanın kullanım amacı o mekanın ısıtma-soğutma sürelerini belirlemektedir. Örnek vermek gerekirse ticari kullanımlı bir mekan çoğunlukla gündüz saatlerinde kullanılmakta olup kış aylarında kullanıldığı saatlerde ısıtılmaktadır. Birbirleriyle duvar veya döşeme yüzeyiyle ayrılan mekanlar arasında ısı alışverişi olmaktadır. Bu nedenle mekanın ilişkili olduğu hacimler ısıl konfor açısından önemlidir.
Bu çalışma kapsamında temelde altında ticari fonksiyonlu mekan bulunan, hem alt hem de üstünde daire bulunan ve üzerinde çatı bulunan birbirleriyle özdeş 3 farklı katın enerji tüketimlerini simülasyon metoduyla incelemek ve sonuçları karşılaştırmak hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilecek en iyi ısıl performansa sahip daire için farklı bina kabuğu senaryolarına göre simülasyonlar yapılarak farklı duvar malzemeleri çeşitleri incelenerek enerji tüketimini azaltılmak hedeflenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aboleta, A., (2021). Reducing Outdoor Air Temperature, Improving Thermal Comfort, and Saving Buildings’ Cooling Energy Demand in Arid Cities – Cool Paving Utilization, Sustainable Cities and Society 68(1):102762, 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102762.
  • Alhefnawi, M. A. M., (2021). Energy Budget in an Educational Building in KSA: The Case of Cladding with Terracotta and aluminium, Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.01.024
  • Clarke, J. (2007). Energy simulation in building design. Routledge.
  • Darvish, A., Eghbali, G., Eghbali, S. R. (2021). Tree-Configuration and Species Effects on the Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Condition and Energy Performance of Courtyard Building, Urban Climate 37(3):100861, 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100861.
  • Diler, Y., Turhan, C., Arsan, Z. D., Akkurt, G. G., (2021). Thermal Comfort analysis of historical mosques. Case Study: The Ulu Mosque, Manisa, Turkey, Energy and Buildings 252:11144, DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111441.
  • Ecoyfs, a Navigant Company, Istanbul Aydın University and İZODER, “Turkish Building Sector Energy Efficiency Technology Atlas” (in Turkish), pp.43, unprinted source..
  • Fabbari, K., (2013). Thermal comfort evaluation in kindergarten: PMV and PPD measurement through datalogger and questionnaire, Building and Environment 68, 202-214, DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.07.002.
  • Han, F., Liu, B., Wang, Y., Dermentzis, G., Cao, X., Zhao, L., Pfluger, R., Feist, W. (2022). Verifying of the feasibility and energy efficiency of the largest certified passive house office building in China: A three-year performance monitoring study, Journal of Building Engineering 32(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X231169874.
  • Huang, H., Nazi, W. I . B. W. M., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., (2020). Energy Performance of a High-Rise Residential Building Retrofitted to Passive Building Standart – A Case Study, Applied Thermal Engineering 181 (115902), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115902
  • Islamoglu, K. A., (2017). Examination of Design Methods Affecting Energy Consumption in Residences and Application Examples with the BepTr Method (in Turkish), Master's Thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University, Institute of Engineering and Science, Istanbul.
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Feng, Z., (2021). Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency Using a Random Forest Model: A Hybrid Prediction Approach, Energy Reports 7, 5003-5012. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.135
  • Malinauskaite, J., Jouhara, H., Ahmad, L., Milani, M., Montorsi, L., Venturelli, M., (2019). Energy efficiency in industry: EU and national policies in Italy and the UK. Energy 172:255e69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.130.
  • Malinauskaite, J., Jouhara, H. (2020). Energy efficiency in the industrial sector in the EU, Slovenia, and Spain, Energy 208, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118398.
  • Motalebi, M., Rashidi, A., Nasiri, M. M. (2022). Optimization and BIM-based lifecycle assesment integration for energy efficiency retrofit of buildings, Journal of Building Engineering 49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104022
  • Mustafaraj, G., Marini, D., Costa, A., & Keane, M. (2014). Model calibration for building energy efficiency simulation. Applied Energy, 130, 72-85.
  • OeEB by Allplan GmbH, Energy Efficiency Finance Country Report: Turkey. (2013). Vienna, AUSTRIA.
  • Pisello, A. L., Petrozzi, A., Castaldo, V. L., & Cotana, F. (2016). On an innovative integrated technique for energy refurbishment of historical buildings: Thermal-energy, economic and environmental analysis of a case study. Applied Energy, 162, 1313-1322.
  • Reddy TA, Maor I. (2006). Procedures for reconciling computer-calculated results with measured energy data. Research Project 1051-RP. ASHRAE.
  • Su, Z., Wu, J., Berti, S. (2021). Thermal Variables Estimation by a Metaheuristic-Based Method: Cases of New Zealand, Energy Reports 7, 5045-5058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.032 .
  • Union Oj of the E. Directive (EU) 2018/2002 OF the EUROPEAN parliament and OF the council - of 11 December 2018 - amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. 2018.
  • URL 1: Commission E. COMMUNICATION from the commission clean energy for all Europeans. EUR-Lex - 52016DC0860 - EN - EUR-Lex; 2016. https://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri¼CELEX:52016DC0860. [Accessed 27 April 2020].
  • URL 2: Union Oj of the E. DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amendingDirectives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/ECand 2006/32/EC. EUR-Lex - 32012L0027 - EN - EUR-Lex; 2012.https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri¼celex%3A32012L0027. [Accessed27 April 2020]
  • URL 3: Commission E. COMMUNICATION from the commission A clean planet for all. 2018. EUR-Lex - 52018DC0773 - EN - EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/en/TXT/?uri¼CELEX%3A52018DC0773. [Accessed 27 April 2020].
  • URL 4: Binalarda Enerji Verimliliği, 1 June 2020, [Online], web adress: http://www.bep.gov.tr/BEPTRWEB/Default.aspx#.Xta_bkBuLjY.
  • URL 5: Enerji Kimlik Belgesi, 26 April 2020, [Online], web adress: https://www.enerjikimlikbelgesi.com/.
  • URL 6: Turkey climate According to Köppen Climate Classification, 2020, [Online], Erişim adresi: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/iklim_siniflandirmalari/koppen.pdf.

INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AT DIFFERENT FLOORS IN BUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY: BALIKESIR CASE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 38 - 63, 29.12.2023

Öz

As the population increases day by day and technology develops, the need for energy increases. Natural resources are mostly used to meet the energy needs of people and over time, especially non-renewable resources are depleted. Buildings in which many actions are performed in daily life play an important role in energy consumption. While performing actions in the interior spaces of the buildings, users need to meet certain building physical conditions and one of these conditions is thermal performance. In order to provide thermal comfort conditions in the interior of the building, it is necessary to make cooling in summer periods and heating in winter periods. The decisions to be taken at the design stage affect the energy consumption required for heating-cooling. The thermal insulation status of the building envelope and air leaks are parameters affecting energy consumption. Factors such as the material used in the outer wall mesh, thermal insulation application, window/wall ratio have an important role on the amount of energy required to provide the most suitable indoor thermal comfort for the building users since they affect the heat intake to the interior and the preservation of the existing heat. In addition, when it comes to indoor thermal comfort, the effect of the activity on the floor above or below is important. Besides, the intended use of the space determines the heating-cooling times of that space. For example, a place with commercial use is mostly used during daytime hours and is heated during the hours it is used in winter. There is heat exchange between the spaces separated from each other by walls or floor surfaces. For this reason, the volumes to which the space is related are important in terms of thermal comfort.
The study aims to analyse comperatively the energy consumption of 3 different identical floors with a commercial function space underneath, with apartments both above and below and with a roof above, by simulation method. It is concluded that House A, located on the first floor of identical houses, provides thermal comfort conditions with the least energy consumption. House C, located under the roof, consumes the most energy to ensure indoor thermal comfort. As a result of the study the apartment with the best thermal performance were further anlaysed to reduce energy consumption by making simulations according to different building envelope scenarios and examining different types of wall materials.

Kaynakça

  • Aboleta, A., (2021). Reducing Outdoor Air Temperature, Improving Thermal Comfort, and Saving Buildings’ Cooling Energy Demand in Arid Cities – Cool Paving Utilization, Sustainable Cities and Society 68(1):102762, 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102762.
  • Alhefnawi, M. A. M., (2021). Energy Budget in an Educational Building in KSA: The Case of Cladding with Terracotta and aluminium, Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.01.024
  • Clarke, J. (2007). Energy simulation in building design. Routledge.
  • Darvish, A., Eghbali, G., Eghbali, S. R. (2021). Tree-Configuration and Species Effects on the Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Condition and Energy Performance of Courtyard Building, Urban Climate 37(3):100861, 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100861.
  • Diler, Y., Turhan, C., Arsan, Z. D., Akkurt, G. G., (2021). Thermal Comfort analysis of historical mosques. Case Study: The Ulu Mosque, Manisa, Turkey, Energy and Buildings 252:11144, DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111441.
  • Ecoyfs, a Navigant Company, Istanbul Aydın University and İZODER, “Turkish Building Sector Energy Efficiency Technology Atlas” (in Turkish), pp.43, unprinted source..
  • Fabbari, K., (2013). Thermal comfort evaluation in kindergarten: PMV and PPD measurement through datalogger and questionnaire, Building and Environment 68, 202-214, DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.07.002.
  • Han, F., Liu, B., Wang, Y., Dermentzis, G., Cao, X., Zhao, L., Pfluger, R., Feist, W. (2022). Verifying of the feasibility and energy efficiency of the largest certified passive house office building in China: A three-year performance monitoring study, Journal of Building Engineering 32(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X231169874.
  • Huang, H., Nazi, W. I . B. W. M., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., (2020). Energy Performance of a High-Rise Residential Building Retrofitted to Passive Building Standart – A Case Study, Applied Thermal Engineering 181 (115902), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115902
  • Islamoglu, K. A., (2017). Examination of Design Methods Affecting Energy Consumption in Residences and Application Examples with the BepTr Method (in Turkish), Master's Thesis, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University, Institute of Engineering and Science, Istanbul.
  • Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Feng, Z., (2021). Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency Using a Random Forest Model: A Hybrid Prediction Approach, Energy Reports 7, 5003-5012. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.135
  • Malinauskaite, J., Jouhara, H., Ahmad, L., Milani, M., Montorsi, L., Venturelli, M., (2019). Energy efficiency in industry: EU and national policies in Italy and the UK. Energy 172:255e69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.130.
  • Malinauskaite, J., Jouhara, H. (2020). Energy efficiency in the industrial sector in the EU, Slovenia, and Spain, Energy 208, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118398.
  • Motalebi, M., Rashidi, A., Nasiri, M. M. (2022). Optimization and BIM-based lifecycle assesment integration for energy efficiency retrofit of buildings, Journal of Building Engineering 49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104022
  • Mustafaraj, G., Marini, D., Costa, A., & Keane, M. (2014). Model calibration for building energy efficiency simulation. Applied Energy, 130, 72-85.
  • OeEB by Allplan GmbH, Energy Efficiency Finance Country Report: Turkey. (2013). Vienna, AUSTRIA.
  • Pisello, A. L., Petrozzi, A., Castaldo, V. L., & Cotana, F. (2016). On an innovative integrated technique for energy refurbishment of historical buildings: Thermal-energy, economic and environmental analysis of a case study. Applied Energy, 162, 1313-1322.
  • Reddy TA, Maor I. (2006). Procedures for reconciling computer-calculated results with measured energy data. Research Project 1051-RP. ASHRAE.
  • Su, Z., Wu, J., Berti, S. (2021). Thermal Variables Estimation by a Metaheuristic-Based Method: Cases of New Zealand, Energy Reports 7, 5045-5058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.032 .
  • Union Oj of the E. Directive (EU) 2018/2002 OF the EUROPEAN parliament and OF the council - of 11 December 2018 - amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. 2018.
  • URL 1: Commission E. COMMUNICATION from the commission clean energy for all Europeans. EUR-Lex - 52016DC0860 - EN - EUR-Lex; 2016. https://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri¼CELEX:52016DC0860. [Accessed 27 April 2020].
  • URL 2: Union Oj of the E. DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amendingDirectives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/ECand 2006/32/EC. EUR-Lex - 32012L0027 - EN - EUR-Lex; 2012.https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri¼celex%3A32012L0027. [Accessed27 April 2020]
  • URL 3: Commission E. COMMUNICATION from the commission A clean planet for all. 2018. EUR-Lex - 52018DC0773 - EN - EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/en/TXT/?uri¼CELEX%3A52018DC0773. [Accessed 27 April 2020].
  • URL 4: Binalarda Enerji Verimliliği, 1 June 2020, [Online], web adress: http://www.bep.gov.tr/BEPTRWEB/Default.aspx#.Xta_bkBuLjY.
  • URL 5: Enerji Kimlik Belgesi, 26 April 2020, [Online], web adress: https://www.enerjikimlikbelgesi.com/.
  • URL 6: Turkey climate According to Köppen Climate Classification, 2020, [Online], Erişim adresi: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/iklim_siniflandirmalari/koppen.pdf.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sürdürülebilir Mimari
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mustafa Serhan Ünlütürk 0000-0001-8368-4169

İrem Uğurlu 0000-0003-1414-5369

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünlütürk, M. S., & Uğurlu, İ. (2023). INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AT DIFFERENT FLOORS IN BUILDINGS AND IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY: BALIKESIR CASE. Karesi Journal of Architecture, 2(2), 38-63.